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Lénárt Z, Bartha A, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Lehel J. Monitoring of metal content in the tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and its food safety aspect. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15899-15910. [PMID: 36178655 PMCID: PMC9908636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed on 10 female and 10 male wild boars (Sus scrofa) after shooting during the regular hunting season to investigate the concentration of metals in the muscle and fat tissue. The concentrations of essential and non-essential elements were determined (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn)) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The concentrations of As, Hg, and Cd were below the limit of detection (As, Hg: < 0.5 mg/kg, Cd: < 0.05 mg/kg) in every tissue sample of both sexes. The lead was detected as 0.36 ± 0.16 mg/kg and 0.22 ± 0.06 mg/kg in the muscle of females and males, respectively, showing a significant difference between the sexes (p = 0.0184). The measured concentration of Cr was 0.14 ± 0.08 mg/kg and 0.13 ± 0.06 mg/kg, and that of copper was 1.22 ± 0.14 mg/kg and 1.06 ± 0.16 mg/kg in the muscle of females and males, respectively. The same tendency was observed in the case of copper content of fat tissues (female: 0.13 ± 0.10 mg/kg; male: 0.13 ± 0.04 mg/kg; p = 0.2707). Manganese concentration of muscle was 0.45 ± 0.30 mg/kg (female) and 1.36 ± 0.96 mg/kg (male), and that of fat tissue was 0.32 ± 0.22 mg/kg (female) and 0.74 ± 0.75 mg/kg (male). The Zn was detected as 56.75 ± 7.86 mg/kg and 1.83 ± 0.76 mg/kg in the muscle and fat of females and 52.12 ± 11.51 mg/kg and 1.94 ± 0.57 mg/kg in males, respectively. Based on data, the consumption of fat and muscle tissues of the wild boars tested can be food toxicologically objectionable, mainly due to the lead content, and thus pose a risk to frequent consumers of this type of game meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Lénárt
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bartha
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078, Budapest, Hungary.
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Liang F, Yan L, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhang J, Che H, Diao J, Gao Y, He Z, Sun R, He Y, Zhou C. Effect of season on slaughter performance, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition, and metabolism of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13735. [PMID: 35644952 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of summer and winter on slaughter performance, muscle quality, flavor-related substance content, and gene expression levels related to the fat metabolism of pheasants. One-hundred 1-day-old pheasants were fed for 5 months starting in March and July and then, respectively, slaughtered in summer (August) and winter (December). The results revealed that compared with summer, winter not only increased pheasant live weight, dressed percentage, full-eviscerated yield, and muscle yield (p < 0.05) but also enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT in serum (p < 0.05). Winter significantly increased meat color, the contents of inosinic acid, and flavor amino acid in muscle. Amino acid contents in leg muscles of pheasants in winter were significantly higher than in summer except for histidine (p < 0.05). Winter increased the contents of muscle mono-unsaturated fatty acid, reducing saturated fatty acid. Summer improved fat synthesis in liver, promoted the deposition of triglycerides and cholesterol, and reduced the expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in muscle, while winter increased the expression levels of genes related to muscle fat metabolism to provide energy for body and affect muscle fatty acid profile. Overall, pheasants fed in winter had better sensory quality and flavor than summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd./Quality Control for Feed and Products of Livestock and Poultry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumei Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoyu Che
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jizhe Diao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yequn Gao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaolan He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuntong He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changhai Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Modi B, Timilsina H, Bhandari S, Achhami A, Pakka S, Shrestha P, Kandel D, GC DB, Khatri S, Chhetri PM, Parajuli N. Current Trends of Food Analysis, Safety, and Packaging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:9924667. [PMID: 34485507 PMCID: PMC8410450 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9924667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food is a basic necessity for life, growth, survival, and maintaining a proper body function. Rising food demand leads both producers and consumers to search for alternative food sources with high nutritional value. However, food products may never be completely safe. The oxidation reaction may alter both the physicochemical and immunological properties of food products. Maillard and caramelization nonenzymatic browning reactions can play a pivotal role in food acceptance through the ways they influence quality factors such as flavor, color, texture, nutritional value, protein functionality, and digestibility. There is a multitude of adulterated foods that portray adverse risks to the human condition. To maintain food safety, the packaging material is used to preserve the quality and freshness of food products. Food safety is jeopardized by plenty of pathogens by the consumption of adulterated food resulting in multiple foodborne illnesses. Though different analytical tools are used in the analysis of food products, yet, adulterated food has repercussions for the community and is a growing issue that adversely impairs human health and well-being. Thus, pathogenic agents' rapid and effective identification is vital for food safety and security to avoid foodborne illness. This review highlights the various analytical techniques used in the analysis of food products, food structure, and quality of food along with chemical reactions in food processing. Moreover, we have also discussed the effect on health due to the consumption of adulterated food and focused on the importance of food safety, including the biodegradable packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Modi
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Hari Timilsina
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Sobika Bhandari
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Ashma Achhami
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Sangita Pakka
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Devilal Kandel
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Dhan Bahadur GC
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Sabina Khatri
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Pradhumna Mahat Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Leknath Marg, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
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Seaweed Supplementation Failed to Affect Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome as Well as Fecal IgA and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Adult Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082234. [PMID: 34438692 PMCID: PMC8388444 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated in dogs the dietary effects of intact seaweeds on some fecal bacterial populations and metabolites, fecal IgA and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Ten healthy adult dogs were enrolled in a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square design to evaluate five dietary treatments: control diet (CD); CD + Ascophyllum nodosum; CD + Undaria pinnatifida; CD + Saccharina japonica; CD + Palmaria palmata (n replicates per treatment = 10). Seaweeds were added to food at a daily dose of 15 g/kg. The CD contained silica as a digestion marker. Each feeding period lasted 28 d, with a 7 d wash-out in between. Feces were collected at days 21 and 28 of each period for chemical and microbiological analyses. Fecal samples were collected during the last five days of each period for ATTD assessment. Dogs showed good health conditions throughout the study. The fecal chemical parameters, fecal IgA and nutrient ATTD were not influenced by algal supplementation. Similarly, microbiological analyses did not reveal any effect by seaweed ingestion. In conclusion, algal supplementation at a dose of 15 g/kg of diet failed to exert noticeable effects on the canine fecal parameters evaluated in the present study.
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