|
1
|
Cao X, Weil MM, Wu JC. Clinical Trial in a Dish for Space Radiation Countermeasure Discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:140-149. [PMID: 36336359 PMCID: PMC10947779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NASA aims to return humans to the moon within the next five years and to land humans on Mars in a few decades. Space radiation exposure represents a major challenge to astronauts' health during long-duration missions, as it is linked to increased risks of cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, central nervous system (CNS) impairment, and other negative outcomes. Characterization of radiation health effects and developing corresponding countermeasures are high priorities for the preparation of long duration space travel. Due to limitations of animal and cell models, the development of novel physiologically relevant radiation models is needed to better predict these individual risks and bridge gaps between preclinical testing and clinical trials in drug development. "Clinical Trial in a Dish" (CTiD) is now possible with the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offering a powerful tool for drug safety or efficacy testing using patient-specific cell models. Here we review the development and applications of CTiD for space radiation biology and countermeasure studies, focusing on progress made in the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael M Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Chishti AA, Baumstark-Khan C, Nisar H, Hu Y, Konda B, Henschenmacher B, Spitta LF, Schmitz C, Feles S, Hellweg CE. The Use of ProteoTuner Technology to Study Nuclear Factor κB Activation by Heavy Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413530. [PMID: 34948324 PMCID: PMC8703744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation might be central to heavy ion-induced detrimental processes such as cancer promotion and progression and sustained inflammatory responses. A sensitive detection system is crucial to better understand its involvement in these processes. Therefore, a DD-tdTomato fluorescent protein-based reporter system was previously constructed with human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing DD-tdTomato as a reporter under the control of a promoter containing NF-κB binding sites (HEK-pNFκB-DD-tdTomato-C8). Using this reporter cell line, NF-κB activation after exposure to different energetic heavy ions (16O, 95 MeV/n, linear energy transfer—LET 51 keV/µm; 12C, 95 MeV/n, LET 73 keV/μm; 36Ar, 95 MeV/n, LET 272 keV/µm) was quantified considering the dose and number of heavy ions hits per cell nucleus that double NF-κB-dependent DD-tdTomato expression. Approximately 44 hits of 16O ions and ≈45 hits of 12C ions per cell nucleus were required to double the NF-κB-dependent DD-tdTomato expression, whereas only ≈3 hits of 36Ar ions were sufficient. In the presence of Shield-1, a synthetic molecule that stabilizes DD-tdTomato, even a single particle hit of 36Ar ions doubled NF-κB-dependent DD-tdTomato expression. In conclusion, stabilization of the reporter protein can increase the sensitivity for NF-κB activation detection by a factor of three, allowing the detection of single particle hits’ effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Chishti
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Hasan Nisar
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Lehtrar Road, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Yueyuan Hu
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Competence Center for Electromagnetic Fields (KEMF), Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Sebastian Feles
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2203-601-3243
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Wang B, Yasuda H. Relative Biological Effectiveness of High LET Particles on the Reproductive System and Fetal Development. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E298. [PMID: 33233778 PMCID: PMC7699951 DOI: 10.3390/life10110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During a space mission, astronauts are inevitably exposed to space radiation, mainly composed of the particles having high values of linear energy transfer (LET), such as protons, helium nuclei, and other heavier ions. Those high-LET particles could induce severer health damages than low-LET particles such as photons and electrons. While it is known that the biological effectiveness of a specified type of radiation depends on the distribution of dose in time, type of the cell, and the biological endpoint in respect, there are still large uncertainties regarding the effects of high-LET particles on the reproductive system, gamete, embryo, and fetal development because of the limitation of relevant data from epidemiological and experimental studies. To safely achieve the planned deep space missions to the moon and Mars that would involve young astronauts having reproductive functions, it is crucial to know exactly the relevant radiological effects, such as infertility of the parent and various diseases of the child, and then to conduct proper countermeasures. Thus, in this review, the authors present currently available information regarding the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high-LET particles on the deterministic effects related to the reproductive system and embryonic/fetal development for further discussions about the safety of being pregnant after or during a long-term interplanetary mission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|