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Wang Y, Li X, Xu T, Li H, Liu J, Yang Q, Li W, Zidan SRS, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Tang R, Yu L, Li L, Zhang X, Li D. Long-Day Photoperiod Improves the Growth and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Foods 2025; 14:504. [PMID: 39942096 PMCID: PMC11817249 DOI: 10.3390/foods14030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of photoperiods on the growth and muscle quality indicators of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 225 fish (109.65 ± 3.62 g) were randomly assigned into five different photoperiod groups (0L:24D, 8L:16D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, and 24L:0D). The experiment spanned a 75-day period, after which sampling and analysis were performed. Compared with the 0L:24D and 8L:16D groups, the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups significantly promoted the growth of grass carp (p < 0.05). The texture parameters of the muscle in the 0L:24D and 16L:8D groups were significantly greater than those in the 12L:12D group (p < 0.05). The crude protein content was significantly higher in the 12L:12D and 16L:8D groups (p < 0.05). The amino acid content and muscle fiber characteristics, as well as the mRNA levels of myostatin (mstn), myogenic factor 5 (myf5), type I collagen α1 (col1α1), and α2 (col1α2), along with the hydroxyproline and collagen contents, were all significantly influenced by the photoperiod (p < 0.05). The lysine (Lys), aspartic acid (Asp), and alanine (Ala) contents in the muscle and muscle fiber density of grass carp reached the highest levels under the 16L:8D treatment (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that a 16L:8D photoperiod is optimal for enhancing both the growth and muscle quality indicators of grass carp. The findings of this study offer valuable scientific references for the precise regulation of grass carp quality when using a photoperiod, and they are anticipated to foster the further development and optimization of strategies for improving grass carp quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuxu Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huacheng Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Qiushi Yang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sayed R. S. Zidan
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Chengchen Jiang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yutian Yuan
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (S.R.S.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (R.T.); (L.Y.); (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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Brealey JC, Kodama M, Rasmussen JA, Hansen SB, Santos-Bay L, Lecaudey LA, Hansen M, Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Madsen L, Bernhard A, Sveier H, Kristiansen K, Gilbert MTP, Martin MD, Limborg MT. Host-gut microbiota interactions shape parasite infections in farmed Atlantic salmon. mSystems 2024; 9:e0104323. [PMID: 38294254 PMCID: PMC10886447 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01043-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals and their associated microbiota share long evolutionary histories. However, it is not always clear how host genotype and microbiota interact to affect phenotype. We applied a hologenomic approach to explore how host-microbiota interactions shape lifetime growth and parasite infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Multi-omics data sets were generated from the guts of 460 salmon, 82% of which were naturally infected with an intestinal cestode. A single Mycoplasma bacterial strain, MAG01, dominated the gut metagenome of large, non-parasitized fish, consistent with previous studies showing high levels of Mycoplasma in the gut microbiota of healthy salmon. While small and/or parasitized salmon also had high abundance of MAG01, we observed increased alpha diversity in these individuals, driven by increased frequency of low-abundance Vibrionaceae and other Mycoplasma species that carried known virulence genes. Colonization by one of these cestode-associated Mycoplasma strains was associated with host individual genomic variation in long non-coding RNAs. Integrating the multi-omic data sets revealed coordinated changes in the salmon gut mRNA transcriptome and metabolome that correlated with shifts in the microbiota of smaller, parasitized fish. Our results suggest that the gut microbiota of small and/or parasitized fish is in a state of dysbiosis that partly depends on the host genotype, highlighting the value of using a hologenomic approach to incorporate the microbiota into the study of host-parasite dynamics.IMPORTANCEStudying host-microbiota interactions through the perspective of the hologenome is gaining interest across all life sciences. Intestinal parasite infections are a huge burden on human and animal health; however, there are few studies investigating the role of the hologenome during parasite infections. We address this gap in the largest multi-omics fish microbiota study to date using natural cestode infection of farmed Atlantic salmon. We find a clear association between cestode infection, salmon lifetime growth, and perturbation of the salmon gut microbiota. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that the genetic background of the host may partly determine how the gut microbiota changes during parasite-associated dysbiosis. Our study therefore highlights the value of a hologenomic approach for gaining a more in-depth understanding of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelle C Brealey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miyako Kodama
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob A Rasmussen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren B Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Santos-Bay
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurène A Lecaudey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Aquaculture Department, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Metabolomics Lab, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Murzina SA, Provotorov DS, Voronin VP, Manoilova DI, Kuritcyn AE, Pekkoeva SN, Nemova NN. Phospholipid Composition of Fingerlings of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar during Growth and Development in Aquaculture: The Effect of Different Lighting and Feeding Regimes. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 509:51-55. [PMID: 37340292 DOI: 10.1134/s160767292370014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different feeding and lighting regimes (natural and continuous) on the phospholipid composition of Atlantic salmon fingerlings reared in commercial aquaculture in the summer-autumn period in North Ossetia-Alania was studied. Qualitative and quantitative determination of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A decrease (September-November) in the content of the studied phospholipids in fingerlings decreased, which should be considered primarily as a biochemical adaptation of development and preparation of juveniles for the upcoming smoltification. The effects of lighting and feeding regime on phospholipid composition were found mainly in the fish reared under constant lighting and 24/7 feeding and the fish reared under natural light and feeding during daylight hours. However, the observed changes were not specific to a particular experimental group of fish in the framework of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Murzina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - D S Provotorov
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - V P Voronin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - D I Manoilova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - A E Kuritcyn
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - S N Pekkoeva
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N N Nemova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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