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Nakamura A, Shinozaki E, Suzuki Y, Santa K, Kumazawa Y, Kobayashi F, Nagaoka I, Koikawa N. Effect of the Administration of Cordyceps militaris Mycelium Extract on Blood Markers for Anemia in Long-Distance Runners. Nutrients 2024; 16:1835. [PMID: 38931190 PMCID: PMC11206946 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial in which an extract of Cordyceps militaris (CM) mycelium was administered to long-distance runners for 16 weeks during the pre-season training period and blood test markers for anemia were investigated. The results indicated that the change rates of serum ferritin levels were moderately increased in the CM group (n = 11) but decreased in the placebo group (n = 11) during the study period, and the levels were significantly increased in the CM group compared with those in the placebo group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the test food intake (p < 0.05). Moreover, the change rates of hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly increased in the CM group compared with those in the placebo group at 8 weeks after the test food intake (p < 0.05). These observations suggest that the intake of test food containing Cordyceps militaris mycelium extract is expected to effectively maintain the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in long-distance runners, possibly via the suppression of the decrease in iron storage, which is reflected by serum ferritin, during pre-season training. Furthermore, the levels of creatine kinase were increased above the normal range in both the placebo and CM groups at registration. Interestingly, the creatine kinase levels were significantly decreased in the CM group compared with those in the placebo group at 16 weeks after the test food intake (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Cordyceps militaris mycelium extract exhibits a protective action on the muscle damage observed in long-distance runners and may suppress muscle injury. Together, these observations suggest that Cordyceps militaris mycelium extract exhibits an improving effect on the markers for not only anemia, but also muscle injury in long-distance runners during pre-season training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakamura
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan;
| | - Eri Shinozaki
- Koyama Memorial Hospital, Ibaraki 314-0030, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Kazuki Santa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo College of Biotechnology, Tokyo 114-0032, Japan;
- Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 279-0013, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kumazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
- Vino Science Japan Inc., Kanagawa 210-0855, Japan
| | | | - Isao Nagaoka
- Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 279-0013, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Natsue Koikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.K.)
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Diaz-Garzon J, Itkonen O, Aarsand AK, Sandberg S, Coskun A, Carobene A, Jonker N, Bartlett WA, Buño A, Fernandez-Calle P. Biological variation of inflammatory and iron metabolism markers in high-endurance recreational athletes; are these markers useful for athlete monitoring? Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:844-852. [PMID: 38062926 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To deliver biological variation (BV) data for serum hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), erythropoietin (EPO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a population of well-characterized high-endurance athletes, and to evaluate the potential influence of exercise and health-related factors on the BV. METHODS Thirty triathletes (15 females) were sampled monthly (11 months). All samples were analyzed in duplicate and BV estimates were delivered by Bayesian and ANOVA methods. A linear mixed model was applied to study the effect of factors related to exercise, health, and sampling intervals on the BV estimates. RESULTS Within-subject BV estimates (CVI) were for hepcidin 51.9 % (95 % credibility interval 46.9-58.1), sTfR 10.3 % (8.8-12) and EPO 27.3 % (24.8-30.3). The mean concentrations were significantly different between sex, but CVI estimates were similar and not influenced by exercise, health-related factors, or sampling intervals. The data were homogeneously distributed for EPO but not for hepcidin or sTfR. IL-6 results were mostly below the limit of detection. Factors related to exercise, health, and sampling intervals did not influence the BV estimates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides, for the first time, BV data for EPO, derived from a cohort of well-characterized endurance athletes and indicates that EPO is a good candidate for athlete follow-up. The application of the Bayesian method to deliver BV data illustrates that for hepcidin and sTfR, BV data are heterogeneously distributed and using a mean BV estimate may not be appropriate when using BV data for laboratory and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Diaz-Garzon
- Laboratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Outi Itkonen
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aasne K Aarsand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abdurrahman Coskun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Atasehir, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Anna Carobene
- Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Niels Jonker
- Certe, Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis Assen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - William A Bartlett
- Undergraduate Teaching, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Antonio Buño
- Laboratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ballini A, Zhurakivska K, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L, Caponio VCA, Spirito F, Porro R, Rella M, Cantore S, Arrigoni R, Dioguardi M. Dietary Polyphenols against Oxidative Stress in Head and Neck Cancer: What's New, What's Next. J Cancer 2024; 15:293-308. [PMID: 38169656 PMCID: PMC10758035 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a worldwide health problem, accounting for over 5% of all types of cancers. Their varied nature makes it sometimes difficult to find clear explanations for the molecular mechanisms that underline their onset and development. While chemio- and radiotherapy are clearly not to be dismissed, we cannot undervalue the effect that polyphenols - especially dietary polyphenols - can have in helping us to cope with this medical emergency. By influencing several different proteins involved in numerous different metabolic pathways, polyphenols can have a broad spectrum of biological action and can hopefully act synergistically to tackle down head and neck cancer. Moreover, being natural molecules, polyphenols does not present any side effects and can even enhance drugs efficacy, making our clinical therapy against head and neck cancer more and more effective. Certainly, oxidative stress plays an important role, altering several molecular pathways, lowering the body's defenses, and ultimately helping to create a microenvironment conducive to the appearance and development of the tumor. In this regard, the regular and constant intake of foods rich in polyphenols can help counteract the onset of oxidative stress, improving the health of the general population. In this review, we highlight the role of polyphenols in managing oxidative stress, with such positive effects that they can be considered new tools to use in our anti-head and neck cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosa Porro
- Department of Informatics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Rella
- AULSS4 - Veneto Orientale - Portogruaro, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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4
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Kardasis W, Naquin ER, Garg R, Arun T, Gopianand JS, Karmakar E, Gnana-Prakasam JP. The IRONy in Athletic Performance. Nutrients 2023; 15:4945. [PMID: 38068803 PMCID: PMC10708480 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for athletes, intricately linked to their performance, by regulating cellular respiration and metabolism. Impaired iron levels in the body can significantly hinder athletic performance. The increased demand for iron due to exercise, coupled with potential dietary iron insufficiencies, particularly among endurance athletes, amplifies the risk of iron deficiency. Moreover, prolonged exercise can impact iron absorption, utilization, storage, and overall iron concentrations in an athlete. On the contrary, iron overload may initially lead to enhanced performance; however, chronic excess iron intake or underlying genetic conditions can lead to detrimental health consequences and may negatively impact athletic performance. Excess iron induces oxidative damage, not only compromising muscle function and recovery, but also affecting various tissues and organs in the body. This narrative review delineates the complex relationship between exercise and iron metabolism, and its profound effects on athletic performance. The article also provides guidance on managing iron intake through dietary adjustments, oral iron supplementation for performance enhancement in cases of deficiency, and strategies for addressing iron overload in athletes. Current research is focused on augmenting iron absorption by standardizing the route of administration while minimizing side effects. Additionally, there is ongoing work to identify inhibitors and activators that affect iron absorption, aiming to optimize the body's iron levels from dietary sources, supplements, and chelators. In summary, by refining the athletic diet, considering the timing and dosage of iron supplements for deficiency, and implementing chelation therapies for iron overload, we can effectively enhance athletic performance and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eshani Karmakar
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (W.K.); (E.R.N.); (R.G.); (T.A.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jaya P. Gnana-Prakasam
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (W.K.); (E.R.N.); (R.G.); (T.A.); (J.S.G.)
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Tabata S, Tsukahara Y, Kamada H, Manabe T, Yamasawa F. Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency and its association with body mass index in elite Japanese high school long-distance runners. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37795704 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2267561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anemia is a common condition in long-distance runners (LDRs). Recently, not only iron deficiency (ID) but also energy deficiency has been considered as a risk factor for anemia in athletes but no evidence has yet been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anemia and ID and the influence of body mass index (BMI) on anemia in high-school LDRs. METHODS The participants were 406 male and 235 female elite Japanese LDRs who competed in the All-Japan High-School Ekiden Championship 2019. They submitted their anthropometric data and results of a blood test within five days after the competition. The prevalence of anemia and ID and the influence of BMI on anemia were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS Mean hemoglobin concentrations (Hb) were 14.8 ± 0.9 g/dl in males and 13.2 ± 0.9 g/dl in females. The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 14 g/dl in males and < 12 g/dl in females) was significantly higher in males (16.3%) than females (6.4%), but males also showed higher prevalence of non-iron deficiency anemia (NIDA) than females (11.6% and 3.0%, respectively). No significant gender difference was found in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (4.7% in males and 3.4% in females). ID (serum ferritin level < 25 ng/ml) was significantly more prevalent in females (37.4%) than males (18.5%). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low BMI was a contributor to anemia in females (odds ratios: 0.577 (95% CI: 0.369-0.901), p = 0.012). CONCLUSION In Japanese high-school LDRs, one in six males was anemic, but most males did not have ID. Conversely, one-third of females were diagnosed with ID. Lower BMI was identified as a risk for anemia in females, suggesting that leanness may also lead to anemia in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tabata
- Tabata Clinic, Saitama, Japan
- Medical Committee, Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsukahara
- Medical Committee, Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tokyo Women's College of Physical Education, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamada
- Medical Committee, Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Manabe
- Medical Committee, Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF), Tokyo, Japan
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Yamasawa
- Medical Committee, Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF), Tokyo, Japan
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Toro-Román V, Robles-Gil MC, Bartolomé I, Grijota FJ, Muñoz D, Maynar-Mariño M. Changes in Hematological Parameters of Iron Status and Total Iron Concentrations in Different Biological Matrices during a Sports Season in Women's Soccer Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081833. [PMID: 37111051 PMCID: PMC10142531 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) metabolism and concentrations change during a sports season. Fe deficiency affects a significant number of women athletes. The aims of the present study were: (i) to analyze changes in hematological parameters of Fe status and (ii) to analyze changes in Fe concentrations in different biological matrices (serum, plasma, urine, erythrocytes, and platelets) during a sports season. Twenty-four Spanish semi-professional women's soccer players (23.37 ± 3.95 years) participated in the present study. Three assessments were performed throughout the sports season (beginning, middle and end of the season). Nutritional intake was evaluated and female hormones, hematological parameters of Fe status and Fe concentrations in plasma, serum, urine, erythrocytes and platelets were determined. There were no differences in Fe intake. Hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations increased at the end of the season compared to initial values (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in extracellular Fe concentrations (plasma, serum, and urine). However, erythrocyte Fe concentrations were lower at the end of the season (p < 0.05). Hematological parameters of Fe status and intracellular Fe concentrations change throughout the sports season in women's soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María C Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J Grijota
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
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Hassanein F, Masoud IM, Awwad ZM, Abdel-Salam H, Salem M, Shehata AI. Microbial bowel infections-induced biochemical and biological abnormalities and their effects on young Egyptian swimmers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4597. [PMID: 36944683 PMCID: PMC10030829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Swimmers' personal hygiene affects the spread of microbes in pools. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of microbial infections among young Egyptian swimmers and its impact on swimmers' scores. From January 2020 to June 2021, 528 public club swimmers were examined cross-sectionally. Swimmers were divided into two groups according to their star tests and their scores in the competition (group 1 with a high score and group 2 with a low score). Stool samples, biochemical and biological parameters were assessed. Microbial infections were 54% for intestinal parasitosis and 2.8% for Helicobacter pylori. The rate of intestinal parasitosis was higher among Gp2 as compared to Gp1. The results also revealed higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Entameba histolytica, and Cyclospora among Gp2 than Gp1. Swimming frequency, and duration influenced the infectious status that induced anemia, abnormal blood pressure, and heart rate. Infected swimmers with cryptosporidiosis had higher alanine transaminase levels, white blood cells, and differential cells but lower aspartate transaminase levels. Giardiasis showed higher reduction in the biochemical markers including ferritin, lactoferrin, iron, and transferrin among Gp 2, compared to Gp 1 and thus affected the swimmers' scores. Thus, raising swimmers' hygiene awareness and targeting health education is obliged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faika Hassanein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Inas M Masoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Awwad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hussin Abdel-Salam
- Department of Water Sports Training, Faculty of Fitness Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Water Sports Training, Faculty of Fitness Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany I Shehata
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yuan X, Li C, Yin X, Yang Y, Ji B, Niu Y, Ren L. Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 36979525 PMCID: PMC10045998 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ lesions, such as biomarkers. This technology has important value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases in their early stages. Wearable biosensors can be integrated with the Internet of Things and Big Data to realize the detection, transmission, storage, and comprehensive analysis of human physiological and biochemical information. This technology has extremely wide applications and considerable market prospects in frontier fields including personal health monitoring, chronic disease diagnosis and management, and home medical care. In this review, we systematically summarized the sweat biomarkers, introduced the sweat extraction and collection methods, and discussed the application and development of epidermal wearable biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat in preclinical research in recent years. In addition, the current challenges and development prospects in this field were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xu Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yinbo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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9
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Moore S. Lifestyle Strategies to Boost Total Body Iron. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276221129218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who switch to a whole food plant-based eating pattern (WFPBD) generally have an uneventful transition, but may present with dizziness and lightheadedness. Research demonstrates that anemia is no more common when transitioning to a WFPBD than in the normal population, but Iron deficiency is possible in the context of a transition to a whole food plant-based diet resulting in either microcytic or normocytic anemia. All six pillars of lifestyle medicine; diet, activity, sleep, stress, social engagement, and risky substances, can affect absorption of Iron and are discussed. This paper discusses how the use of lifestyle modifications can potentiate iron supplementation, or replace the need for it altogether, to reverse anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Moore
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Weber State University Dr Ezekiel R Dumke College of Health Professions, Ogden, UT, USA (SM)
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10
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Cichoń J, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Cieślicka M, Dziewiecka H, Marcinkiewicz A, Tafil-Klawe M, Basta P, Maciejewski D, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Effect of an acute exercise on early responses of iron and iron regulatory proteins in young female basketball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:69. [PMID: 35428332 PMCID: PMC9013050 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The accumulation of physiological stress and the presence of inflammation disturb iron management in athletes during intense training. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating iron levels in athletes during training periods with low training loads. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of an acute exercise on early responses of iron and iron regulatory proteins at the end of such training periods. Methods The study was performed at the end of competitive phase of training. A total of 27 trained female basketball players were included in the study after application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The participants performed an incremental exercise on a treadmill. Blood samples were taken before the test, immediately after exercise, and after 3 h of restitution. Parameters, such as interleukin (IL) 6, hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin, hemopexin, and lactoferrin levels, total iron-biding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron-biding capacity (UIBC) were determined by using appropriate biochemical tests. Results The level of iron increased significantly after exercise, and then decreased within next 3 h restitution. Except for iron levels, only TIBC levels significantly increased after exercise and decreased to baseline level during rest period. No significant changes in the levels of hepcidin, IL-6, and other proteins related to the iron homeostasis were observed. Conclusions The increases in iron level after acute exercise is short-term and transient and appear to have been insufficient to induce the acute systemic effects in rested athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Cichoń
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Dziewiecka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Anita Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Basta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Poznań University of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Dariusz Maciejewski
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Poznań University of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów, Wielkopolski, Poland.
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Bonilla DA, Moreno Y, Petro JL, Forero DA, Vargas-Molina S, Odriozola-Martínez A, Orozco CA, Stout JR, Rawson ES, Kreider RB. A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030724. [PMID: 35327526 PMCID: PMC8945881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network hubs that might serve as potential biomarkers during stress-induced immunosuppression. Several literature and bioinformatics databases/repositories were utilized to review Fe metabolism and complement the molecular description of prioritized proteins. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to build a protein-protein interactions network for subsequent network topology analysis. Importantly, Fe is a sensitive double-edged sword where two extremes of its nutritional status may have harmful effects on innate and adaptive immunity. We identified clearly connected important hubs that belong to two clusters: (i) presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system with the involvement of redox reactions of Fe, heme, and Fe trafficking/transport; and (ii) ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation processes of proteins related to Fe metabolism in immune cells (e.g., macrophages). The identified potential biomarkers were in agreement with the current experimental evidence, are included in several immunological/biomarkers databases, and/or are emerging genetic markers for different stressful conditions. Although further validation is warranted, this hybrid method (human-machine collaboration) to extract meaningful biological applications using available data in literature and bioinformatics tools should be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Orozco
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Kuwabara AM, Tenforde AS, Finoff JT, Fredericson M. Iron Deficiency in Athletes: A Narrative Review. PM R 2022; 14:620-642. [DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Kuwabara
- Stanford University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 4th Floor Redwood City California United States
| | - Adam S. Tenforde
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Michael Fredericson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Stanford University Medical Center
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Gomaa MAE, Allam MG, Haridi AAIM, Eliwa AEM, Darwish AMG. High-Protein Concentrated Pro-Yogurt (Pro-WPI) Enriched With Whey Protein Isolate Improved Athletic Anemia and Performance in a Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:788446. [PMID: 35127786 PMCID: PMC8811298 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.788446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Upcoming developments are attracting attention to both high-protein and probiotics supplementation for the sports community to promote good health and exercise performance. This study aimed at the production of high-protein concentrated pro-yogurt (Pro-WPI) enriched with 10 and 20% whey protein isolate (WPI) and investigation of the response of daily consumption on anthropometric, hematology parameters, and athletic performance in parallel with safety consideration assessment. Twenty-four athletes (19.6 ± 1.45 years; 175.96 ± 5.24 cm; 73.16 ± 8.65 kg) were participated in a randomized placebo-control study. They consumed Pro-WPI products with 10 (T1) and 20% (T2) WPI for treatments G1 (Pro-WPI30) and G2 (Pro-WPI60), respectively, 3 times per day/5 days per week/9 weeks. The taste of Pro-WPI products was sour and cheesy, while mouthfeel was described as soft and thick because of the increased protein content in T1 and T2 (14.15 and 22.58%). The hemoglobin of the athletes increased significantly from a baseline of 12.69 g/dl to 16 and 16.66 g/dl in G1 and G2, respectively. Furthermore, the athletic performance was enhanced in vertical jump, long jump, sprinting velocity, half squats, and pushups, which reached 58.75 cm, 255 cm, 3.5 m/s, 218.75 counts, and 85 counts, respectively in G2. The healthy gut microbiome (probiotics) in parallel with increased iron bioavailability by mineral binding (whey bioactive peptides), influenced iron status and can represent a healthy practice to improve athletic anemia and performance. On the other hand, urinary albumin exceeded the border of reference range (<30 mg/g) and reached 38.25 and 44.13 mg/g in G1 and G2, while urine pH was in the normal range (4.5–8). Increased urinary albumin might be due to high rates of protein metabolism that follow high protein intake. This study provided preliminary information on metabolic responses to high protein concentrated yogurt intake in athletes who engaged in daily exercise. Further studies are needed to determine the recommended intensity of 10 and 20% Pro-WPI product consumption to achieve its benefits and avoid implications on kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. E. Gomaa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa G. Allam
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdallah A. I. M. Haridi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Russian State University for Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Sports Health, Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa-Eldin M. Eliwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Sports Health, Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Center District, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Amira M. G. Darwish
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