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Varga I, Hammer N, Pavlíková L, Poilliot A, Klein M, Mikušová R. Terminological discrepancies and novelties in the histological description of the female genital system: proposed amendments for clinical-translational anatomy. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:469-480. [PMID: 38683308 PMCID: PMC11303487 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Histological terminology of the female genital organs is currently a part of the internationally accepted nomenclature Terminologia Histologica (TH), the latest edition of which dates back to 2008. Many new discoveries have been documented within 16 years since then, and many discrepancies have been found. This paper aims to revise the terminology from clinical and educational perspectives comprehensively. The authors thoroughly searched the current edition of "Terminologia Histologica: International Terms for Human Cytology and Histology," focusing on missing and controversial terms in the chapter Female genital system. The authors identified six controversial and ambiguous terms and four missing important histological terms. The authors also discussed the addition of less used eponymic terms in the histological description of female genital organs like Hamperl cells, Popescu cells, Kroemer lacunae, Balbiani bodies, Call-Exner bodies, membrane of Slavianski, nabothian cysts, or anogenital sweat glands of van der Putte. We expect the second and revised edition of the TH to be published soon and hope that the Federative International Program on Anatomical Terminology will approve and incorporate all these propositions and suggestions. We also strongly recommend using the official internationally accepted Latin and English histological nomenclature-the TH, either in oral or written form, both in theoretical and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Niels Hammer
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Branch, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU), Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lada Pavlíková
- Faculty of Health Care Studies, University of Western Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Amelie Poilliot
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Klein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Renáta Mikušová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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2
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Purelku M, Sahin H, Erkanli Senturk G, Tanriverdi G. Distribution and morphologic characterization of telocytes in rat ovary and uterus: insights from ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02313-w. [PMID: 39078438 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are characterized by a small oval-shaped cell body with long prolongations that are called telopods (Tps). PDGFR-β and c-kit markers may assist for the immunohistochemical identification of TCs; however, by these means they cannot be identified with absolute specificity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is considered as a gold standard method for TCs observation. Studies on TCs in the female reproductive system are limited, and there is a lack of awareness regarding TCs in rat ovaries. We aimed to demonstrate the existence and morphology of TCs in rat ovaries, alongside previously studied TCs in rat uteri. Thus, ovaries and uteri from young adult Sprague-Dawley female rats (n = 8) with regular estrous cycles were collected. Then, left ovaries and uteri were proccessed for TEM analysis, while the right ones were used for immunohistochemistry. As a result, TCs were seen throughout the rat's ovarian stroma with their characteristic cell bodies, Tps, podomes (Pds) and podomers (Pdms). Tps were situated within the thecal layer of the follicles, surrounding the corpus luteum and blood vessels. Ovarian TCs were recognized to have relationship with other TCs/stromal cells. Subsequently, TCs were seen in stroma of endometrium with surrounding blood vessels and uterine glands, myometrium and perimetrium in rat uteri. There was also no statistical significance between the number of c-kit+ and PDGFR-β+ telocyte-like cells in both rat ovarian (p = 0.137) and endometrial stroma (p = 0.450). Further investigation of the roles and functions of TCs in the female reproductive system is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merjem Purelku
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Erkanli Senturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriverdi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Sanches BDA, Teófilo FBS, Brunet MY, Villapun VM, Man K, Rocha LC, Neto JP, Matsumoto MR, Maldarine JS, Ciena AP, Cox SC, Carvalho HF. Telocytes: current methods of research, challenges and future perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:141-155. [PMID: 38539007 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are CD34-positive interstitial cells that have long cytoplasmic projections, called telopodes; they have been identified in several organs and in various species. These cells establish a complex communication network between different stromal and epithelial cell types, and there is growing evidence that they play a key role in physiology and pathology. In many tissues, TC network impairment has been implicated in the onset and progression of pathological conditions, which makes the study of TCs of great interest for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarise the main methods involved in the characterisation of these cells as well as their inherent difficulties and then discuss the functional assays that are used to uncover the role of TCs in normal and pathological conditions, from the most traditional to the most recent. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives in the study of TCs, especially regarding the establishment of more precise markers, commercial lineages and means for drug delivery and genetic editing that directly target TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B S Teófilo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Y Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor M Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kenny Man
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Lara C Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta R Matsumoto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1515 24 A Ave., Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carl von Linnaeus St. Bldg G1, Bertrand Russel Ave., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Wei X, Li H, Chen T, Yang X. Histological study of telocytes in mice intrauterine adhesion model and their positive effect on mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:647-664. [PMID: 38353345 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), the main cause of secondary infertility in women, result from irreversible fibrotic repair of the endometrium due to inflammation or human factors, accompanied by disruptions in the repair function of endometrial stem cells. This significantly impacts the physical and mental health of women in their childbearing years. Telocytes (TCs), a distinctive type of interstitial cells found in various tissues and organs, play diverse repair functions due to their unique spatial structure. In this study, we conduct the inaugural exploration of the changes in TCs in IUA disease and their potential impact on the function of stem cells. Our results show that in vivo, through double immunofluorescence staining (CD34+/Vimentin+; CD34+/CD31-), as endometrial fibrosis deepens, the number of TCs gradually decreases, telopodes shorten, and the three-dimensional structure becomes disrupted in the mouse IUA mode. In vitro, TCs can promote the proliferation and cycle of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by promoting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which were inhibited using XAV939. TCs can promote the migrated ability of BMSCs and contribute to the repair of stem cells during endometrial injury. In addition, TCs can inhibit the apoptosis of BMSCs through the Bcl-2/Bax pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrates, for the first time, the resistance role of TCs in IUA disease, shedding light on their potential involvement in endometrial repair through the modulation of stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianquan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang Y, Tian H. Telocytes and inflammation: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35983. [PMID: 37986278 PMCID: PMC10659634 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes are a new type of interstitial cell with a diverse morphology and important functions, such as mechanical support, signal transduction, immune regulation, and tissue repair. In this paper, the origin and physiological and pathological functions of telocytes as well as their role in inflammation will be discussed, and the functions and targets of telocytes in inflammation will be fully reviewed, which may contribute to a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Jinan, Shandong, China
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6
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Rosa I, Nardini P, Fioretto BS, Guasti D, Romano E, Sgambati E, Marini M, Manetti M. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural identification of telocytes in the lamina propria of human vaginal mucosa. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152094. [PMID: 37757515 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Since their relatively recent discovery, telocytes (TCs) have been described as peculiar cells strategically positioned in the stromal tissue component of multiple organ systems of the mammalian body including female reproductive organs (i.e., ovary, uterine tube, and uterus). Nevertheless, current knowledge of TCs in the vagina is very limited. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the existence and characteristics of TCs in the stromal tissue of human vaginal mucosa by means of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In the vaginal lamina propria, TCs were first identified by CD34 immunohistochemistry that revealed the presence of CD34+ stromal cells arranged in networks, especially around blood vessels. Double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy allowed to precisely distinguish the perivascular networks of CD34+ stromal cells lacking CD31 immunoreactivity from adjacent CD31+ microvessels. All the perivascular networks of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells situated in the vaginal lamina propria coexpressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, which strengthened their identification as TCs. Instead, vaginal mucosal TCs were immunophenotypically negative for c-kit/CD117. The ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of TCs, namely stromal cells with characteristic cytoplasmic processes (i.e., telopodes) forming labyrinthine networks around blood vessels and releasing extracellular vesicles. Together, our morphological findings provide the first comprehensive demonstration that TCs reside in the human vaginal lamina propria, thus paving the way for further investigation of their putative functions in vaginal mucosal homeostasis and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rosa
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - Mirca Marini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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7
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, García MDP, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF, Díaz-Flores L. Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells in the Normal, Hyperplastic, and Adenomatous Human Parathyroid Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12118. [PMID: 37569493 PMCID: PMC10419317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes/CD34+ stromal cells (TCs/CD34+ SCs) have been studied in numerous organs and tissues, but their presence and characteristics in the parathyroid glands have not been explored. Using immunological and ultrastructural procedures, we assess the location, arrangement, and behavior of TCs/CD34+ SCs in normal human parathyroids, during their development and in their most frequent pathologic conditions. In normal parathyroids, TCs/CD34+ SCs show a small somatic body and long thin processes with a moniliform aspect, form labyrinthine systems, connect other neighboring TCs/CD34+ SCs, vessels, adipocytes, and parenchymal cells directly or by extracellular vesicles, and associate with collagen I. TCs/CD34+ SCs and collagen I are absent around vessels and adipocytes within parenchymal clusters. In developing parathyroids, TCs/CD34+ SC surround small parenchymal nests and adipocytes. In hyperplastic parathyroids, TCs/CD34+ SCs are prominent in some thickened internodular septa and surround small extraglandular parenchymal cell nests. TCs/CD34+ SCs are present in delimiting regions with compressed parathyroids and their capsule in adenomas but absent in most adenomatous tissue. In conclusion, TCs/CD34+ SCs are an important cellular component in the human parathyroid stroma, except around vessels within parenchymal nests. They show typical characteristics, including those of connecting cells, are present in developing parathyroids, and participate in the most frequent parathyroid pathology, including hyperplastic and adenomatous parathyroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
- Canary Biomedical Technology Institute, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maria del Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab–Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Spain (J.L.C.)
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8
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Xu T, Zhang H, Zhu Z. Telocytes and endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:39-49. [PMID: 35668319 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis involving the presence and growth of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity is a common, inflammatory, benign gynecologic disease. Nevertheless, no single theory can exactly account for the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Telocytes, a kind of novel mesenchymal cells, have been suggested to be crucial in promoting angiogenesis and increasing the activity of endometrial interstitial cells and inflammatory cells. Given above roles, telocytes may be considered as the possible pathogenesis of endometriosis. We reviewed the current literature on telocytes. The following aspects were considered: (A) the telocytes' typical characteristics, function, and morphological changes in endometriosis; (B) the potential role of telocytes in endometriosis by impacting the inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis; (C) telocytes as the potential treatment options for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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9
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Schneider P, Salamon H, Weizmann N, Nissim-Eliraz E, Lysnyansky I, Shpigel NY. Immune profiling of experimental murine mastitis reveals conserved response to mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis, and Streptococcus uberis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126896. [PMID: 37032878 PMCID: PMC10080000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically important diseases of dairy animals. The disease is caused by ascending bacterial infection through the teat canal. Among the most common mastitis-causing bacteria are Gram-negative coliforms, Gram-positive streptococci and staphylococci, and mycoplasma. The most prominent cellular hallmark of acute mammary infection is a massive recruitment of blood neutrophils into the tubular and alveolar milk spaces. The complex biological processes of leukocyte recruitment, activation, adhesion, and migration in the mammary gland remain largely elusive to date. While field research of mastitis in dairy animals contributed a lot to the development of mitigation, control, and even eradication programs, little progress was made toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We report here experimental mastitis model systems in lactating mice challenged with field strains of common udder pathogens in dairy cows. We used these model systems to apply recently developed multiplex gene expression technology (Nanostring nCounter), which enabled us to study the expression of over 700 immune genes. Our analysis revealed a core of 100 genes that are similarly regulated and functionally or physically interacting in E. coli, M. bovis, and Strep uberis murine mastitis. Common significantly enriched gene sets include TNFɑ signaling via NFkB, Interferon gamma and alpha response, and IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling. In addition, we show a significantly enriched expression of genes associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in glands challenged by the three pathogens. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed interactions shared by the three pathogens, including the interaction of the cytokines IL1β, IL1ɑ, and TNFɑ with their receptors, and proteins involved in immune cell recruitment such as complement C3 and ICAM1 (with CD11b), chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 (with CCR1), and CSF3 (with CSF3R). Taken together, our results show that mammary infection with E. coli, M. bovis, and Strep uberis culminated in the activation of a conserved core of immune genes and pathways including NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peleg Schneider
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Salamon
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nathalie Weizmann
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Nissim-Eliraz
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inna Lysnyansky
- Mycoplasma Unit, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Nahum Y. Shpigel
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Nahum Y. Shpigel,
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10
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Varga I, Csöbönyeiová M, Visnyaiová K, Záhumenský J, Pavlíková L, Feitscherová C, Klein M. Functional Morphology of the Human Uterine Tubes in the 21st Century: Anatomical Novelties and Their Possible Clinical Applications. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterine tube (UT) pathologies account for 25-35 % of female factor infertility. Although these peculiar organs were first studied several hundred years ago, they have become overlooked and neglected mainly due to the successes of reproductive medicine. Nevertheless, reproductive medicine still faces many challenges regarding the fertility outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Many obstacles and problems can be resolved by a more detailed understanding of the UT morphology and function during normal reproduction. Over the course of the 21st century, many new insights have been obtained: the presence of a population of telocytes in the tubal wall responsible for normal motility and hormone sensory function, the demonstration of lymphatic lacunae of the mucosal folds necessary for oocyte capture and tubal fluid recirculation, or a thorough profiling of the immune makeup of the UT epithelial lining with the discovery of regulatory T cells presumably important for maternal tolerance towards the semi-allogenic embryo. New discoveries also include the notion that the UT epithelium is male sex hormone-sensitive, and that the UT is not sterile, but harbors a complex microbiome. The UT epithelial cells were also shown to be the cells-of-origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Finally, yet importantly, several modern morphological directions have been emerging recently, including cell culture, the development of tubal organoids, in silico modelling, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. All these novel insights and new approaches can contribute to better clinical practice and successful pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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11
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Subbamanda YD, Bhargava A. Intercommunication between Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptor/Estrogen Signaling: Insights into Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233850. [PMID: 36497108 PMCID: PMC9739980 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and estrogen receptors are important cellular proteins that have been shown to interact with each other across varied cells and tissues. Estrogen hormone, the ligand for estrogen receptors, can also exert its effects independent of estrogen receptors that collectively constitute non-genomic mechanisms. Here, we provide insights into the VGCC regulation by estrogen and the possible mechanisms involved therein across several cell types. Notably, most of the interaction is described in neuronal and cardiovascular tissues given the importance of VGCCs in these electrically excitable tissues. We describe the modulation of various VGCCs by estrogen known so far in physiological conditions and pathological conditions. We observed that in most in vitro studies higher concentrations of estrogen were used while a handful of in vivo studies used meager concentrations resulting in inhibition or upregulation of VGCCs, respectively. There is a need for more relevant physiological assays to study the regulation of VGCCs by estrogen. Additionally, other interacting receptors and partners need to be identified that may be involved in exerting estrogen receptor-independent effects of estrogen.
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12
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Functional Morphology of the Human Uterine Tubes in the 21st Century: Anatomical Novelties and Their Possible Clinical Applications. Physiol Res 2022; 71:S151-S159. [PMID: 36592451 PMCID: PMC9854007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterine tube (UT) pathologies account for 25-35% of female factor infertility. Although these peculiar organs were first studied several hundred years ago, they have become overlooked and neglected mainly due to the successes of reproductive medicine. Nevertheless, the reproductive medicine still faces many challenges regarding the fertility outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Many obstacles and problems can be resolved by a more detailed understanding of the UT morphology and function during normal reproduction. Over the course of the 21st century, many new insights have been obtained: the presence of a population of telocytes in the tubal wall responsible for normal motility and hormone sensory function, the demonstration of lymphatic lacunae of the mucosal folds necessary for oocyte capture and tubal fluid recirculation, or a thorough profiling of the immune makeup of the UT epithelial lining with the discovery of regulatory T cells presumably important for maternal tolerance towards the semi-allogenic embryo. New discoveries also include the notion that the UT epithelium is male sex hormone-sensitive, and that the UT is not sterile, but harbors a complex microbiome. The UT epithelial cells were also shown to be the cells-of-origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Finally, yet importantly, several modern morphological directions have been emerging recently, including cell culture, development of tubal organoids, in silico modelling, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. All these novel insights and new approaches can contribute to better clinical practice and successful pregnancy outcomes.
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Wei XJ, Chen TQ, Yang XJ. Telocytes in Fibrosis Diseases: From Current Findings to Future Clinical Perspectives. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221105252. [PMID: 35748420 PMCID: PMC9235300 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial (stromal) cells, have been discovered in many organs of human and mammal animals. TCs, which have unique morphological characteristics and abundant paracrine substance, construct a three-dimensional (3D) interstitial network within the stromal compartment by homocellular and heterocellular communications which are important for tissue homeostasis and normal development. Fibrosis-related diseases remain a common but challenging problem in the field of medicine with unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that where TCs are morphologically or numerically destructed, many diseases continuously develop, finally lead to irreversible interstitial fibrosis. It is not difficult to find that TCs are associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. This review mainly discusses relationship between TCs and the occurrence of fibrosis in various diseases. We analyzed in detail the potential roles and speculated mechanisms of TCs in onset and progression of systemic fibrosis diseases, as well as providing the most up-to-date research on the current therapeutic roles of TCs and involved related pathways. Only through continuous research and exploration in the future can we uncover its magic veil and provide strategies for treatment of fibrosis-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jiao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R.
China
| | - Tian-quan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R.
China
| | - Xiao-jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R.
China
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