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Perdicoyianni-Paleologou H. Xavier Bichat and the renovation of the pathological anatomy. J Med Biogr 2024; 32:89-96. [PMID: 35491683 PMCID: PMC10919061 DOI: 10.1177/09677720221097795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xavier Bichat, who lived a short life (1771-1802), was prominent French anatomist and physiologist during the time of revolution and one of the founders of French scientific medicine. He played a key role in the creation of the science of histology. Indeed, he was the first to see the organs of the body as being formed through the specialization of simple, functional units (tissues). Bichat is also known as one of the last of the major theorists of vitalism.
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Mohr PD. Acta Anatomica: A portrait of an anatomy department, Christmas 1951. J Med Biogr 2024; 32:75-81. [PMID: 35379030 DOI: 10.1177/09677720221090455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seventy years ago, two medical art students painted a group portrait of the staff of the anatomy department in the University of Manchester Medical School. The painting is an unusual allegorical portrayal of the staff as pantomime characters. This paper asks: who were they and what were their subsequent careers? Does this picture tell us anything about the role of anatomy in medical education in the 1950s?
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Mohr
- Museum Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, UK
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3
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Toklu E, Nteli Chatzioglou G, Gayretli Ö, Coşkun O. The life of the prince of anatomists Jean Riolan, Jr. (the Younger) (1577-1657). Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:2255-2259. [PMID: 36131141 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in the history of anatomy, the important French anatomist Jean Riolan, Jr., clarifies several conditions that anatomy adepts should accomplish during their preparation in his work Anthropographia. Anatomists should be physically, mentally, culturally, and ethically ready for their work. The anatomy teacher should consider three rules: have experience in anatomical dissection, have the essential knowledge and approach to dissection, and use a suitable teaching method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Toklu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Özcan Gayretli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Coşkun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Keshelava G. Skull Anatomy in "Saint Jerome in the Wilderness" by Leonardo da Vinci. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:82-84. [PMID: 37120139 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
As a result of a detailed study of "Saint Jerome in the Wilderness", we found that Leonardo described the skull in this work in an original way. A portion of the skull's face is visible in St Jerome's chest and abdomen projection. This image shows the orbit, the frontal bone, the nasal aperture and the zygomatic process. In our opinion, Leonardo described the skull in the painting with his usual originality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigol Keshelava
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinic Helsicore'', Tbilisi, Georgia.
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5
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Takeda S. Whereof one cannot see, thereof one must be silent : Revealing the Underlying Morphology: Challenging Reductionism Through 3D Visualization for Future Anatomy. Anat Sci Int 2023; 98:307-308. [PMID: 37233970 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sén Takeda
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
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6
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Schenckéry J. [Leonardo da Vinci, visionary anatomist]. Rev Prat 2023; 73:693-694. [PMID: 37458564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
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7
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Trejo JL. Artificial anatomy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:703-705. [PMID: 36576413 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Quick J. Anatomists paved the way for surgery. J Perioper Pract 2023; 33:91. [PMID: 37022794 DOI: 10.1177/17504589231159503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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9
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Iwanaga J, Matsushita Y, Ibaragi S, Tubbs RS. 3D anatomy of the ostiomeatal complex: A challenging concept in dentistry. J Dent Educ 2022; 86 Suppl 3:1739-1741. [PMID: 35253211 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Jindal A, Bansal M. Bhagwan Din Chaurasia (1937-1985): The unsung hero of Indian anatomy. J Med Biogr 2022; 30:145-147. [PMID: 32960741 DOI: 10.1177/0967772020961011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of unavailability of computers and internet platform for learning anatomy, Dr Bhagwan Din Chaurasia's textbook on human anatomy was like a boon for the medical students. Dr Chaurasia was the great anatomist of India who published his first textbook in 1979 and since then it is widely read all over the world by the medical students pursuing MBBS. His books are unique in presenting systemic and comprehensive texts of applied anatomy in a simple language with easily reproducible line diagrams. Dr Chaurasia was a rare combination of an excellent teacher and a distinguished research worker. He was also a member of the advisory board of many national and international journals. Although he died at a young age, but his legacy continues through his contributions in the field of anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Jindal
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Lichterman B, Lanska DJ. Cross-sectional representations of the central nervous system in Pirogov's " Ice Anatomy". J Hist Neurosci 2022; 31:312-333. [PMID: 35412957 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2022.2050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Russian surgeon Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Pirogoff; 1810-1881) introduced the teaching of applied topographical anatomy in Russia. Pirogov's monumental four-part atlas, Anatome topographica sectionibus per corporis humanum congelatum triplici directione ductis illustrate (An Illustrated Topographic Anatomy of Saw Cuts Made in Three Dimensions Across the Frozen Human Body), colloquially known as the "Ice Anatomy," was published in Latin in folio in the 1850s. Pirogov sought to investigate "the normal and pathological positions of different organs and body parts using sections made in the three principal directions [anatomical planes] … throughout all regions." To accomplish this, he froze cadavers "to the density of the thickest wood" and then cut them into thin plates with a special mechanical saw. His approach was reportedly inspired by his observations of butchers sawing across frozen pig carcasses at the meat market in St. Petersburg during winter. Pirogov systemically obtained full-size representations of more than 1,000 sections. A painter made a representative copy of the cross-sectional contours of each section, using ruled glass overlain on the sections. The final lithographs were of high artistic quality and execution, resembling modern high-resolution medical imaging (i.e., CT or MRI). Moreover, structures were serially sectioned and systematically illustrated along all three anatomical planes, something that had never previously been attempted. This allowed clinicians and anatomists to scrutinize the spatial relationships of structures from multiple perspectives and at a much more detailed level than was previously possible, although the cost, massiveness, and complexity of the completed work precluded wide dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslav Lichterman
- Institute of Social Science, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Douglas J Lanska
- Institute of Social Science, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Zdilla MJ. Creating an inexpensive yet effective downdraft table for a gross anatomy laboratory: Proof-of-concept. Morphologie 2022; 106:28-36. [PMID: 33773919 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The expense of creating exhaust ventilation in a gross anatomy laboratory can be an impediment to gross anatomical education, especially in locations with little availability of funds (e.g., developing countries). Thus, the need for inexpensive yet effective exhaust ventilation is important for gross anatomical education. This study details the creation of a downdraft ventilation table that cost less than 200 USD to build, was built with commonly available materials (i.e., lumber, tarps, rebar, corrugated steel, staples, and screws), was built by one person with little difficulty in a matter of hours, was relatively light weight (75.2kg fully-assembled), and was easy to transport. Further, the table was structurally sound and handled a load of at least 331kg without damage. The table was affixed to a simple local exhaust ventilation system that cost ∼300 USD and generated an exhaust flow of 3099m3/h from the table. The table was capable of removing all airborne formaldehyde (0.00ppm) despite a pool of 100% formalin placed 20.3cm above the table. Furthermore, the height of the table could easily be adapted for handicapped accessibility and for individuals who are shorter or taller than average. The downdraft system also has applications beyond the gross anatomy laboratory (e.g., exhaust ventilation for embalming, manufacturing, and clinical/surgical aerosol-generating procedures). This report represents a proof-of-concept: a downdraft table that costs less than 200 USD can be built easily and paired effectively with an inexpensive local exhaust ventilation system at a total expense of approximately 500 USD. This report marks an improvement in gross anatomy laboratory safety and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zdilla
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Molina-Torres G, Cardona D, Requena M, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Roman P, Ropero-Padilla C. The impact of using an " anatomy escape room" on nursing students: A comparative study. Nurse Educ Today 2022; 109:105205. [PMID: 34799191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomy is an important part of health science education. In teaching anatomy, new teaching strategies have been studied in comparison with traditional-based approaches. In this manner, strategies such as the escape room-based approach have been used as an innovative learning approach in nursing education, but little is known about its application in an Anatomy module. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the escape room for anatomy-related knowledge retention in nursing and the perceived value of the game. DESIGN In the first semesters of the academic years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTINGS This study took place at the University of Almeria with students enrolled in the Anatomy module. PARTICIPANTS A total of 248 first-year nursing students took part in the study. METHODS The study included two groups: an experimental group (EG) that participated in an escape room in the final session of their Anatomy module, and a control group (CG) that received a traditional-based teaching approach in their final lesson. RESULTS Students enrolled in the Anatomy module were randomly assigned to either the experimental (EG, n = 128) or control groups (CG, n = 120). The escape room was conducted in groups of four and lasted no more than 15 min. In terms of satisfaction with the escape room, EG scored above the mean. The item "I enjoyed playing" received the highest score (4.88 ± 0.35). Taking the final scores of each group into account, the EG had a final average score of 8.94 ± 0.96, while the CG had a final average score of 7.70 ± 1.25 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS According to the findings, the "Anatomy Escape Room" is a game-based approach that motivates students and constitutes a down-to-earth resource for anatomy learning in healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Molina-Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Diana Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Mar Requena
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain; Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Pablo Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ropero-Padilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain; Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Castello de la Plana, Spain.
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Johnson SN, Gallagher ED. Learning processes in anatomy and physiology: a qualitative description of how undergraduate students link actions and outcomes in a two-semester course sequence. Adv Physiol Educ 2021; 45:486-500. [PMID: 34280044 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00135.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study investigated processes used by undergraduate students over a course sequence in anatomy and physiology (A&P). Longitudinal data for each participant include weekly written reflections and interviews at the beginning, middle, and end of the two-semester sequence. The themes that emerged describe three variations of approach to learning the course content. In some cases, the focus was on completing tasks and actions without connecting those to a specific outcome. In other cases, the focus was on outcomes without specific references to what steps might lead to that outcome. A third approach explicitly linked tasks and actions to one or more of nine different outcomes, including both personal and course expectations. Two other themes emerged as salient in combination with the three approaches: self-identified shortcomings with their study approaches and affective responses to the course and content. Affective responses included both positive affect such as enjoyment or excitement and negative affect such as frustration or dislike. Understanding the approaches that students take to learning, combined with their affect and shortcomings in those approaches, can inform instructor decisions about course activities and resources that support specific learning outcomes. It also provides a foundational knowledge base for the development of context-specific instruments for quantifying student learning processes in A&P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci N Johnson
- Division of Science, Southern Wesleyan University, Central, South Carolina
| | - Eliza D Gallagher
- Department of Engineering and Science Education, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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Weeks JK, Pakpoor J, Park BJ, Robinson NJ, Rubinstein NA, Prouty SM, Nachiappan AC. Harnessing Augmented Reality and CT to Teach First-Year Medical Students Head and Neck Anatomy. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:871-876. [PMID: 32828663 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Three-dimensional (3D) visualization has been shown to benefit new generations of medical students and physicians-in-training in a variety of contexts. However, there is limited research directly comparing student performance after using 3D tools to those using two-dimensional (2D) screens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CT was performed on a donated cadaver and a 3D CT hologram was created. A total of 30 first-year medical students were randomly assigned into two groups to review head and neck anatomy in a teaching session that incorporated CT. The first group used an augmented reality headset, while the second group used a laptop screen. The students were administered a five-question anatomy test before and after the session. Two-tailed t-tests were used for statistical comparison of pretest and posttest performance within and between groups. A feedback survey was distributed for qualitative data. RESULTS Pretest vs. posttest comparison of average percentage of questions answered correctly demonstrated both groups showing significant in-group improvement (p < 0.05), from 59% to 95% in the augmented reality group, and from 57% to 80% in the screen group. Between-group analysis indicated that posttest performance was significantly better in the augmented reality group (p = 0.022, effect size = 0.73). CONCLUSION Immersive 3D visualization has the potential to improve short-term anatomic recall in the head and neck compared to traditional 2D screen-based review, as well as engage millennial learners to learn better in anatomy laboratory. Our findings may reflect additional benefit gained from the stereoscopic depth cues present in augmented reality-based visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Weeks
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Suite 130, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jina Pakpoor
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Suite 130, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian J Park
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Suite 130, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicole J Robinson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neal A Rubinstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen M Prouty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arun C Nachiappan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 1 Silverstein, Suite 130, Philadelphia, PA.
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Parés-Casanova PM. Anatomic Veterinary Usage: Discussion Around Technical Nomenclature Vs. Jargon. J Vet Med Educ 2021; 48:240-241. [PMID: 34110983 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses some examples of problems derived from the mix of technical jargon and anatomical veterinary words and makes recommendations regarding their use according to specific situations.
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Morgan S, Lagreca GF. Mindful transition of In-person anatomy education to a virtual education environment. J Dent Educ 2021; 85 Suppl 3:1940-1942. [PMID: 33772774 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujey Morgan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriela F Lagreca
- Department of Prosthodontics, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tubbs RS. Yet the anatomists have not done this. Clin Anat 2021; 34:505-506. [PMID: 33760274 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Women's Health and Sex Differences in Medicine Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Londa Schiebinger
- History of Science and EU/US Gendered Innovations in Science, Health and Medicine, Engineering and Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2024, USA.
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Chen S, Zhu J, Cheng C, Pan Z, Liu L, Du J, Shen X, Shen Z, Zhu H, Liu J, Yang H, Ma C, Pan H. Can virtual reality improve traditional anatomy education programmes? A mixed-methods study on the use of a 3D skull model. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:395. [PMID: 33129310 PMCID: PMC7603711 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Realistic, portable, and scalable lectures, cadaveric models, 2D atlases and computer simulations are being combined more frequently for teaching anatomy, which result in major increases in user satisfaction. However, although digital simulations may be more portable, interesting, or motivating than traditional teaching tools, whether they are superior in terms of student learning remain unclear. This paper presents a study in which the educational effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) skull model is compared with that of cadaveric skulls and atlases. The aim of this study was to compare the results of teaching with VR to results of teaching with traditional teaching methods by administering objective questionnaires and perception surveys. METHODS A mixed-methods study with 73 medical students was conducted with three different groups, namely, the VR group (N = 25), cadaver group (N = 25) and atlas group (N = 23). Anatomical structures were taught through an introductory lecture and model-based learning. All students completed the pre- and post-intervention tests, which comprised a theory test and an identification test. The theory test consisted of 18 multiple-choice questions, and the identification test consisted of 25 fill-in-the-blank questions. RESULTS The participants in all three groups had significantly higher total scores on the post-intervention test than on the pre-intervention test; the post-intervention test score in the VR group was not statistically significantly higher than the post-intervention test score of the other groups (VR: 30 [IQR: 22-33.5], cadaver: 26 [IQR: 20-31.5], atlas: 28[IQR: 20-33]; p > 0.05). The participants in the VR and cadaver groups provided more positive feedback on their learning models than the atlas group (VR: 26 [IQR: 19-30], cadaver: 25 [IQR: 19.5-29.5], atlas: 12 [IQR: 9-20]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The skull virtual learning resource (VLR) was equally efficient as the cadaver skull and atlas in teaching anatomy structures. Such a model can aid individuals in understanding complex anatomical structures with a higher level of motivation and tolerable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academe of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
- National Virtual Simulation Laboratory Education Center of Medical Sciences, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Eight-year Program of Clinical Medicine, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Eight-year Program of Clinical Medicine, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhouxian Pan
- Eight-year Program of Clinical Medicine, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lingshan Liu
- Eight-year Program of Clinical Medicine, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianhua Du
- Eight-year Program of Clinical Medicine, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academe of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jihai Liu
- National Virtual Simulation Laboratory Education Center of Medical Sciences, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Emergency, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Yang
- National Virtual Simulation Laboratory Education Center of Medical Sciences, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academe of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China.
- Medical Department, PUMCH, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Abstract
The Imperial Academy of Medicine of Paris met in the spring of 1865 to discuss the localization of speech. One of the participants was Maximien Parchappe (1800-1866), an alienist whose research interests lay in the cerebral cortex. This article addresses Maximien Parchappe's concept that the cognitive elements of language-such as the translation of thoughts into words, the will to express them, and the means to do so-reside within the cortical gray matter, and that they are integrated through white-matter fibers. In so doing, Parchappe anticipated Carl Wernicke's linking of the posterior aspects of the dominant frontal and temporal lobes in verbal expression, and Jules Dejerine's linking of the angular gyrus and Wernicke's area in the understanding of written language. Functional imaging has revived interest in language as a network of neuronal aggregates and has given new relevance to Parchappe's concept of the functional organization of language.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leblanc
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Chen Y, Qian C, Shen R, Wu D, Bian L, Qu H, Fan X, Liu Z, Li Y, Xia J. 3D Printing Technology Improves Medical Interns' Understanding of Anatomy of Gastrocolic Trunk. J Surg Educ 2020; 77:1279-1284. [PMID: 32273250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complex vascular anatomy has always been a difficult point for medical students. Gastrocolic trunk (Henle trunk) has many branches and variations, involving the venous reflux of the stomach, right colon, and pancreas. This study investigated the effects of 3 dimensional (3D) printing technology on medical interns' understanding of Henle trunk's variation, by comparing 2 dimensional (2D) images. SETTING Henle trunk modes were manufactured using 3D-CT angiography and 3D-printing technology. PARTICIPANTS Forty-seven interns from 2 medical schools (Nanjing Medical University and Medical College of Nantong University) participated in the study. DESIGN The interns were divided randomly allocated into 2 groups, where group 1 was the control group with a 2D image of Henle trunk plus surgical video (named 2D image group), and group 2 was the study group with a 3D printed model of Henle trunk plus surgical video (named 3D-printing group). Knowledge of interns on the Henle trunk was compared between 2 groups using a question test before and after the teaching intervention. RESULTS All interns had an improved overall assessment score as a result of attending the seminar, whether in the 2D image group or the 3D-printing group. The score of the 2D image group increased 32.57 ± 13.86, and the 3D-printing group increased 47.04 ± 12.99, showing significant difference (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference observed between postseminar scores between 2 medical schools (p = 0.975). There was a significant improvement in satisfaction among the 3D-printing group for education depth, novel and inspiring of teaching method, except for the interaction between teacher and interns (p = 0.215). Interns hope to have more teaching time for 3D printing, and not satisfied with the time of 3D printing teaching compared with those in the 2D image group (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS The 3-D printed Henle trunk model is a very effective teaching tool, which can help interns understand the anatomy of Henle trunk. The application of 3D printing technology in the teaching of interns of complex vascular anatomy is worth popularizing in teaching hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunxiang Qian
- Department of Education and Researching, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Danping Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Linjie Bian
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huiheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinqi Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhequn Liu
- Harbin JunYang Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Education and Researching, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China.
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24
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Abstract
Franz Joseph Gall believed that the two cerebral hemispheres are anatomically and functionally similar, so much so that one could substitute for the other following unilateral injuries. He presented this belief during the 1790s in his early public lectures in Vienna, when traveling through Europe between 1805 and 1807, and in the two sets of books he published after settling in France. Gall seemed to derive his ideas about laterality independently of French anatomist Marie François Xavier Bichat (1771-1802), who formulated his "law of symmetry" at about the same time. He would, however, later cite Bichat, whose ideas about mental derangement were different from his own and who also attempted to explain handedness, a subject on which Gall remained silent. The concept of cerebral symmetry would be displaced by mounting clinical evidence for the hemispheres being functionally different, but neither Gall nor Bichat would live to witness the advent of the concept of cerebral dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eling
- Department of Psychology and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Finger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Program in History of Medicine, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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25
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Zafar S, Zachar JJ. Evaluation of HoloHuman augmented reality application as a novel educational tool in dentistry. Eur J Dent Educ 2020; 24:259-265. [PMID: 31899840 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate dental student's perception of the augmented reality (AR) head and neck anatomy application and to determine whether the learning environment was beneficial for students compared with traditional cadaver learning. METHODS A total of 88 students participated in a self-administered questionnaire prior to and after the use of AR. This was conducted during anatomy classes for second-year dentistry students. Descriptive data analysis was performed to determine the perceptions of experience gained through AR. RESULTS The study revealed that over two-thirds of participants perceived that it would assist in their learning with 52.3% of participants who agreed and 35.2% of participants who strongly agreed. After the use of HoloHuman, it was found that 43.5% of participants agreed that the 3D anatomical structures improved their understanding of anatomy and 36.5% agreed that they felt more confident about their anatomy skills. The results also demonstrated that only 34.1% agreed that it added value in training compared with relying solely on traditional methods. Overall, 75.3% of participants agreed that HoloHuman teaching should not replace traditional cadaver training. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the use of AR offers an additional mean of dental anatomy training; however, it cannot be used as a replacement for traditional modes of cadaver anatomy training. AR has the potential to be used as an adjunct tool in the learning of dental head and neck anatomy as it has demonstrated increased student engagement and enjoyment; however, limitations with the device still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Zafar
- Discipline Lead for Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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26
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Ashwood LM, Norton RS, Undheim EAB, Hurwood DA, Prentis PJ. Characterising Functional Venom Profiles of Anthozoans and Medusozoans within Their Ecological Context. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E202. [PMID: 32283847 PMCID: PMC7230708 DOI: 10.3390/md18040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current state of knowledge regarding toxins from anthozoans (sea anemones, coral, zoanthids, corallimorphs, sea pens and tube anemones). We provide an overview of venom from phylum Cnidaria and review the diversity of venom composition between the two major clades (Medusozoa and Anthozoa). We highlight that the functional and ecological context of venom has implications for the temporal and spatial expression of protein and peptide toxins within class Anthozoa. Understanding the nuances in the regulation of venom arsenals has been made possible by recent advances in analytical technologies that allow characterisation of the spatial distributions of toxins. Furthermore, anthozoans are unique in that ecological roles can be assigned using tissue expression data, thereby circumventing some of the challenges related to pharmacological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Ashwood
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Eivind A. B. Undheim
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Hurwood
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute of Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter J. Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute of Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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27
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Rangappa P. Anatomists Portal and Camper. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:88. [PMID: 32138496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Rangappa
- Intensive Care Specialist, Columbiaasia Referral Hospital, Yeshwantpur, Karnataka
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28
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Tubbs RS. Almost all anatomists seem to have failed to treat clearly the most useful part of the science. Clin Anat 2020; 33:157. [PMID: 31970827 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Kubota Y. Editorial: Suspension notice. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2020; 96:47. [PMID: 31902830 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.96.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica was first published in 1922 through the private funding of Professor Keiji Okajima, the first head of the Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine. Back then it was the only western-language anatomical journal available in our country, through which the researchers could present their achievements worldwide. To this date, for about 100 years, it has been published periodically by the editorial committee in the department. This time, the committee decided to put a break constructively; we suspend publication of this journal while anticipating the future resumption as a form adapted to the times. Accordingly, we have closed new submissions on September 30, 2019. Thank you for understanding and continuous support for Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eling
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Finger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Program in History of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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31
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Barmaki R, Yu K, Pearlman R, Shingles R, Bork F, Osgood GM, Navab N. Enhancement of Anatomical Education Using Augmented Reality: An Empirical Study of Body Painting. Anat Sci Educ 2019; 12:599-609. [PMID: 30648818 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Students in undergraduate premedical anatomy courses may experience suboptimal and superficial learning experiences due to large class sizes, passive lecture styles, and difficult-to-master concepts. This study introduces an innovative, hands-on activity for human musculoskeletal system education with the aim of improving students' level of engagement and knowledge retention. In this study, a collaborative learning intervention using the REFLECT (augmented reality for learning clinical anatomy) system is presented. The system uses the augmented reality magic mirror paradigm to superimpose anatomical visualizations over the user's body in a large display, creating the impression that she sees the relevant anatomic illustrations inside her own body. The efficacy of this proposed system was evaluated in a large-scale controlled study, using a team-based muscle painting activity among undergraduate premedical students (n = 288) at the Johns Hopkins University. The baseline knowledge and post-intervention knowledge of the students were measured before and after the painting activity according to their assigned groups in the study. The results from knowledge tests and additional collected data demonstrate that the proposed interactive system enhanced learning of the musculoskeletal system with improved knowledge retention (F(10,133) = 3.14, P < 0.001), increased time on task (F(1,275) = 5.70, P < 0.01), and a high level of engagement (F(9,273) = 8.28, P < 0.0001). The proposed REFLECT system will be of benefit as a complementary anatomy learning tool for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Barmaki
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Kevin Yu
- Laboratory of Computational Sensing and Robotics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Pearlman
- Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Shingles
- Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Felix Bork
- Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Greg M Osgood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nassir Navab
- Laboratory of Computational Sensing and Robotics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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32
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Tarasov S. Integration of Anatomy Ontologies and Evo-Devo Using Structured Markov Models Suggests a New Framework for Modeling Discrete Phenotypic Traits. Syst Biol 2019; 68:698-716. [PMID: 30668800 PMCID: PMC6701457 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling discrete phenotypic traits for either ancestral character state reconstruction or morphology-based phylogenetic inference suffers from ambiguities of character coding, homology assessment, dependencies, and selection of adequate models. These drawbacks occur because trait evolution is driven by two key processes-hierarchical and hidden-which are not accommodated simultaneously by the available phylogenetic methods. The hierarchical process refers to the dependencies between anatomical body parts, while the hidden process refers to the evolution of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlying trait development. Herein, I demonstrate that these processes can be efficiently modeled using structured Markov models (SMM) equipped with hidden states, which resolves the majority of the problems associated with discrete traits. Integration of SMM with anatomy ontologies can adequately incorporate the hierarchical dependencies, while the use of the hidden states accommodates hidden evolution of GRNs and substitution rate heterogeneity. I assess the new models using simulations and theoretical synthesis. The new approach solves the long-standing "tail color problem," in which the trait is scored for species with tails of different colors or no tails. It also presents a previously unknown issue called the "two-scientist paradox," in which the nature of coding the trait and the hidden processes driving the trait's evolution are confounded; failing to account for the hidden process may result in a bias, which can be avoided by using hidden state models. All this provides a clear guideline for coding traits into characters. This article gives practical examples of using the new framework for phylogenetic inference and comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tarasov
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 4076 Derring Hall, 926 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Wang Y, Fan X, Chen L, Chang EIC, Ananiadou S, Tsujii J, Xu Y. Mapping anatomical related entities to human body parts based on wikipedia in discharge summaries. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:430. [PMID: 31419946 PMCID: PMC6697955 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
*: Background Consisting of dictated free-text documents such as discharge summaries, medical narratives are widely used in medical natural language processing. Relationships between anatomical entities and human body parts are crucial for building medical text mining applications. To achieve this, we establish a mapping system consisting of a Wikipedia-based scoring algorithm and a named entity normalization method (NEN). The mapping system makes full use of information available on Wikipedia, which is a comprehensive Internet medical knowledge base. We also built a new ontology, Tree of Human Body Parts (THBP), from core anatomical parts by referring to anatomical experts and Unified Medical Language Systems (UMLS) to make the mapping system efficacious for clinical treatments. *: Result The gold standard is derived from 50 discharge summaries from our previous work, in which 2,224 anatomical entities are included. The F1-measure of the baseline system is 70.20%, while our algorithm based on Wikipedia achieves 86.67% with the assistance of NEN. *: Conclusions We construct a framework to map anatomical entities to THBP ontology using normalization and a scoring algorithm based on Wikipedia. The proposed framework is proven to be much more effective and efficient than the main baseline system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment and Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education and Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road No.37, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xingyu Fan
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No. 174, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Luoxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment and Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education and Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road No.37, Beijing, 100191 China
| | | | - Sophia Ananiadou
- The National Centre for Text Mining, School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Junichi Tsujii
- The National Centre for Text Mining, School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment and Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education and Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road No.37, Beijing, 100191 China
- Microsoft Research, Danling Street No. 5, Beijing, 100080 China
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Mueller T, Kanis-Seyfried U. On the life and work of Korbinian Brodmann (1868-1918). J Hist Neurosci 2019; 28:307-318. [PMID: 31063026 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2019.1589689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the life and work of early-twentieth-century German scientist Korbinian Brodmann (1868-1918). His medical training at universities in Munich, Würzburg, Berlin, and Freiburg and his further education are illustrated. His early Leipzig career and cooperation with brain researchers Oskar and Cécile Vogt in Berlin are portrayed, as are his contributions to a localization theory of the cerebral cortex-namely, Brodmann's cytoarchitectonic approach-and the invention of a cortex area nomenclature, further developed until the beginning of World War I. His Tübingen professorship and being nominated to manage a major department of Emil Kraepelin's Munich research unit represent further aspects of this study, a promising career ahead, harshly interrupted by an early and unexpected death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mueller
- a Research Unit for the History of Medicine , University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, and Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, Centre for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg , Ravensburg-Weissenau , Germany
| | - Uta Kanis-Seyfried
- a Research Unit for the History of Medicine , University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, and Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, Centre for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg , Ravensburg-Weissenau , Germany
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35
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, almost all morphological data are published as unstructured free text descriptions. This not only brings about terminological problems regarding semantic transparency, which hampers their re-use by non-experts, but the data cannot be parsed by computers either, which in turn hampers their integration across many fields in the life sciences, including genomics, systems biology, development, medicine, evolution, ecology, and systematics. With an ever-increasing amount of available ontologies and the development of adequate semantic technology, however, a solution to this problem becomes available. Instead of free text descriptions, morphological data can be recorded, stored, and communicated through the Web in the form of highly formalized and structured directed graphs (semantic graphs) that use ontology terms and URIs as terminology. RESULTS After introducing an instance-based approach of recording morphological descriptions as semantic graphs (i.e., Semantic Instance Anatomy Knowledge Graphs) and discussing accompanying metadata graphs, I propose a general scheme of how to efficiently organize the resulting graphs in a tuple store framework based on instances of defined named graph ontology classes. The use of such named graph resources allows meaningful fragmentation of the data, which in turn enables subsequent specification of all kinds of data views for managing and accessing morphological data. CONCLUSIONS Morphological data that comply with the here proposed semantic data model will not only be computer-parsable but also re-usable by non-experts and could be better integrated with other sources of data in the life sciences. This would allow morphology as a discipline to further participate in eScience and Big Data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Vogt
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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36
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Jeger JL, Samson TK, Barry DS. Feasacht Sláinte: Irish Medical Students’ Perspective on the Importance of Anatomy and Physiology for the Irish Public. Ir Med J 2019; 112:961. [PMID: 31538758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Jeger
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2
| | - T K Samson
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2
| | - D S Barry
- Department of Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2
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37
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Tubbs RS. I would choose a good practical anatomist…to attend the sick and dissect the dead. Clin Anat 2019; 32:1. [PMID: 30585687 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Barry DS, Dent JM, Hankin M, Moyer D, Shah NL, Tuskey A, Soukoulis V. The Clinical Anatomy and Imaging Laboratory: Vertical Integration in the Preclerkship Curriculum. MedEdPORTAL 2019; 15:10824. [PMID: 31161136 PMCID: PMC6543925 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As medical schools implement integrated curricula, anatomy education especially has experienced increased pressure to make foundational content clinically relevant. We designed a novel type of integrative anatomy laboratory experience where students could use foundational anatomy concepts in concert with modern imaging/diagnostic techniques to enhance important clinical concepts. METHODS We selected a process called Lesson Study to develop the multidisciplinary Clinical Anatomy and Imaging Laboratory (CAIL) in the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. We utilized soft-embalmed cadavers extensively for their highly realistic tissue appearance and texture, which allowed instructors and students to perform a wide array of procedures in case-based scenarios similar to practicing clinicians. We conducted field observations of participating students, focus-group discussions, and knowledge-based exams to examine efficacy of the CAIL. RESULTS Approximately 150 first- and second-year students participated in each of the CAIL activities on an annual basis. Most focus-group participants felt the CAIL was a great learning experience. They commented on how the lab provided relevance to anatomy knowledge and helped integrate prior classroom learning more deeply. Instructors noted that students asked more advanced, clinically relevant questions than in a typical anatomy lab. Knowledge improved significantly after the CAIL, although it is unclear if this translates to summative exams. DISCUSSION The CAIL creates a unique learning experience where students use prior foundational anatomy knowledge in conjunction with modern imaging and diagnostic techniques to reinforce important clinical concepts. We have continued to integrate CAIL experiences into more clinical systems in our medical school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S. Barry
- Assistant Professor, Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - John M. Dent
- Professor, Medicine: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Mark Hankin
- Professor, Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - David Moyer
- Assistant Professor, Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Director of Anatomy, Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Neeral L. Shah
- Associate Professor, Medicine: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Anne Tuskey
- Associate Professor, Medicine: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Victor Soukoulis
- Professor, Medicine: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Afshar
- Department of Orthopedics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Bartos G, Wéber G. Dr. Szmolenszky Tamás (1939–2018). Magy Seb 2018; 71:179. [PMID: 30540515 DOI: 10.1556/1046.71.2018.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Clarkson MD, Whipple ME. Variation in the representation of human anatomy within digital resources: Implications for data integration. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2018; 2018:330-339. [PMID: 30815072 PMCID: PMC6371295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical informatics makes use of anatomical representation-particularly in the form of anatomical terms. But differences and ambiguities in naming anatomical structures and partitioning the body can complicate efforts to interlink anatomical resources and integrate clinical data. To better understand differences in representations of human anatomy, we compare five digital resources: a formal ontology, a terminology, and three 3D graphics applications. Because the graphics applications offer explicit representation of the boundaries and partitions of anatomical structures, they reveal the differences in modeling of anatomy that may not be apparent through text-based representations. The variations in these resources allow us to categorize differences in representations of anatomy and to highlight the importance of this topic in the context of clinical informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Clarkson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Mark E Whipple
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Abstract
Various specialist cultures configure bodies as complex technological devices. We know little about how exactly this is done. I focus on one of these cultures, classical ballet, to praxeologically reconstruct the conceptual, situational and material configuration of bodies as particular instruments. The technologization of the body is closely intertwined with the scientification of the practice - its ladenness with scientific knowledge about the body and an elaborate apparatus for the production of bodies. When anatomical knowledge and didactics intertwine in ballet class, this facilitates an opening of the black box 'body' for technical improvement. 'A body' becomes a plurality of (in this case, anatomically distinguished) actants. This distributed corporeality suggests that 'the body' is an assemblage that becomes apparent as such in moments of its modification. The empirical case as well as the analytical approach here give reason to reconsider the distinction between humans and non-humans that still prevails in actor-network theory and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Merit Müller
- Institute for Sociology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Leandro RM, Filho RPPF, De Silvio MM, Quilici AP, Sattin MM, Paretsis BF, Souza VA. Construction of the Equine Digestive System: A Tool for Teaching Topographical Anatomy. J Vet Med Educ 2018; 46:108-115. [PMID: 30418807 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0317-043r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anatomy is traditionally regarded as a difficult, non-motivating course involving a large body of theoretical and practical content, and it is often associated with high levels of dropout and failure. Given the relevance of the topic, we propose an alternative active multisensory teaching tool consisting of the construction of a low-fidelity anatomical model assembled into an articulated equine skeleton. Model construction and assembly assists students in the recognition of the topography and anatomical boundaries of the equine abdominal digestive system. Digestive system organs (liver, pancreas, stomach, small and large intestines) were constructed using common, easily available materials, such as newspaper, balloons, laminated rubber sheets, and polyethylene cylinders. The method described in this study is a low-cost, user-friendly teaching tool that is potentially applicable across different academic disciplines and that can also be used to construct models of other systems and species. However, it should be combined with other anatomy teaching methods because it does not provide detailed representation of specific digestive system organ features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Leandro
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Rua Josè penteado 63, apartamento 41, CEP 01257010, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Roberto P P Foz Filho
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Avenue Antonio Pincinato 7200, CEP 13211-771 Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio M De Silvio
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Rua Manoel da Nóbrega 627, apartamento 62, CEP 04001080, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana P Quilici
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Rua Dr. Almeida Lima, 1.134-Mooca, CEP 03164-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana M Sattin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Rua Indaia 200, bloco 03, apartamento 31-Vila Prudente São Paulo SP, CEP 03132125, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Barbara F Paretsis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Rua França Carvalho 289-Alto do Mooca, CEP 03182-070, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa A Souza
- School of Veterinary Medicine, FMU University, Rue Gal. Bagnuolo, No. 1026, apartomento 08, CEP 02152-130, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Attardi SM, Barbeau ML, Rogers KA. Improving Online Interactions: Lessons from an Online Anatomy Course with a Laboratory for Undergraduate Students. Anat Sci Educ 2018; 11:592-604. [PMID: 29493909 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An online section of a face-to-face (F2F) undergraduate (bachelor's level) anatomy course with a prosection laboratory was offered in 2013-2014. Lectures for F2F students (353) were broadcast to online students (138) using Blackboard Collaborate (BBC) virtual classroom. Online laboratories were offered using BBC and three-dimensional (3D) anatomical computer models. This iteration of the course was modified from the previous year to improve online student-teacher and student-student interactions. Students were divided into laboratory groups that rotated through virtual breakout rooms, giving them the opportunity to interact with three instructors. The objectives were to assess student performance outcomes, perceptions of student-teacher and student-student interactions, methods of peer interaction, and helpfulness of the 3D computer models. Final grades were statistically identical between the online and F2F groups. There were strong, positive correlations between incoming grade average and final anatomy grade in both groups, suggesting prior academic performance, and not delivery format, predicts anatomy grades. Quantitative student perception surveys (273 F2F; 101 online) revealed that both groups agreed they were engaged by teachers, could interact socially with teachers and peers, and ask them questions in both the lecture and laboratory sessions, though agreement was significantly greater for the F2F students in most comparisons. The most common methods of peer communication were texting, Facebook, and meeting F2F. The perceived helpfulness of the 3D computer models improved from the previous year. While virtual breakout rooms can be used to adequately replace traditional prosection laboratories and improve interactions, they are not equivalent to F2F laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M Attardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele L Barbeau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kem A Rogers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Barlow-Evans R, Jaffer K, Gupta JK. Essential anatomy: why anatomical words matter when it comes to subdermal implants. BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2018; 44:315-316. [PMID: 30305411 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Barlow-Evans
- Community Sexual and Reproductive Health, Umbrella Sexual Health Services, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Jaffer
- Sexual and Reproductive Health, Umbrella Sexual Health Services, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J K Gupta
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
The history of the autopsy is naturally also a part of the history of anatomy and pathology and spans over about 2300 years. The first documented autopsies were conducted in about 300 B.C. Thereafter, due to the prohibition of dissections due to religious, social, or hygienic reasons, a long period of stagnation took place. With the onset of the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th century, interest in the ancient sciences such as anatomy began to rise and consequently an increasing number of dissections for anatomical studies were conducted. Nevertheless, it took nearly 200 years until clinical symptoms and/or causes of disease and death were correlated with anatomical findings. In the second half of the 19th century, the clinical autopsy based on the combination of macroscopic and microscopic findings became more and more important as a precondition for the systematic description of diseases. Based on autopsy findings and together with several new techniques, modern pathology could be established at the beginning of the 20th century as a source of scientific knowledge for the clinical medicine and as a theoretical discipline of its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diallo-Danebrock
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland.
| | - M Abbas
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
| | - D Groß
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - U Kellner
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
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Rae G, Newman WP, McGoey R, Donthamsetty S, Karpinski AC, Green J. The histopathologic reliability of tissue taken from cadavers within the gross anatomy laboratory. Anat Sci Educ 2018; 11:207-214. [PMID: 29024453 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the histopathologic reliability of embalmed cadaveric tissue taken from the gross anatomy laboratory. Tissue samples from hearts, livers, lungs, and kidneys were collected after the medical students' dissection course was completed. All of the cadavers were embalmed in a formalin-based fixative solution. The tissue was processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at six micrometers, and stained with H&E. The microscope slides were evaluated by a board certified pathologist to determine whether the cellular components of the tissues were preserved at a high enough quality to allow for histopathologic diagnosis. There was a statistically significant relationship between ratings and organ groups. Across all organs, there was a smaller proportion of "poor" ratings. The lung group had the highest percentage of "poor" ratings (23.1%). The heart group had the least "poor" ratings (0.0%). The largest percentage of "satisfactory" ratings were in the lung group (52.8%), and the heart group contained the highest percentage of "good" ratings (58.5%) The lung group had the lowest percentage of "good" ratings (24.2%). These results indicate that heart tissue is more reliable than lung, kidney, or liver tissue when utilizing tissue from the gross anatomy laboratory for research and/or educational purposes. This information advises educators and researchers about the quality and histopathologic reliability of tissue samples obtained from the gross anatomy laboratory. Anat Sci Educ 11: 207-214. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guenevere Rae
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - William P Newman
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robin McGoey
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Aryn C Karpinski
- School of Foundations, Leadership, and Administration, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J Lowe
- Medical Student School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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