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Yang B, Rutkowski N, Elisseeff J. The foreign body response: emerging cell types and considerations for targeted therapeutics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7730-7747. [PMID: 37904536 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The foreign body response (FBR) remains a clinical challenge in the field of biomaterials due to its ability to elicit a chronic and sustained immune response. Modulating the immune response to materials is a modern paradigm in tissue engineering to enhance repair while limiting fibrous encapsulation and implant isolation. Though the classical mediators of the FBR are well-characterized, recent studies highlight that our understanding of the cell types that shape the FBR may be incomplete. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of T cells, stromal-immune cell interactions, and senescent cells in the biomaterial response, particularly to synthetic materials. We emphasize future studies that will deepen the field's understanding of these cell types in the FBR, with the goal of identifying therapeutic targets that will improve implant integration. Finally, we briefly review several considerations that may influence our understanding of the FBR in humans, including rodent models, aging, gut microbiota, and sex differences. A better understanding of the heterogeneous host cell response during the FBR can enable the design and development of immunomodulatory materials that favor healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Yang
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Natalie Rutkowski
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Beheshtizadeh N, Gharibshahian M, Bayati M, Maleki R, Strachan H, Doughty S, Tayebi L. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery approaches in regenerative medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115301. [PMID: 37562236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of growth factors in the process of tissue regeneration has garnered significant interest and has been the subject of extensive research. However, despite the fervent efforts invested in recent clinical trials, a considerable number of these studies have produced outcomes that are deemed unsatisfactory. It is noteworthy that the trials that have yielded the most satisfactory outcomes have exhibited a shared characteristic, namely, the existence of a mechanism for the regulated administration of growth factors. Despite the extensive exploration of drug delivery vehicles and their efficacy in delivering certain growth factors, the development of a reliable predictive approach for the delivery of delicate growth factors like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) remains elusive. VEGF plays a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis; however, the administration of VEGF demands a meticulous approach as it necessitates precise localization and transportation to a specific target tissue. This process requires prolonged and sustained exposure to a low concentration of VEGF. Inaccurate administration of drugs, either through off-target effects or inadequate delivery, may heighten the risk of adverse reactions and potentially result in tumorigenesis. At present, there is a scarcity of technologies available for the accurate encapsulation of VEGF and its subsequent sustained and controlled release. The objective of this review is to present and assess diverse categories of VEGF administration mechanisms. This paper examines various systems, including polymeric, liposomal, hydrogel, inorganic, polyplexes, and microfluidic, and evaluates the appropriate dosage of VEGF for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayati
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hannah Strachan
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Sarah Doughty
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Saraswati W, Soetojo A, Dhaniar N, Praja HA, Santoso RM, Nosla NS, Cindananti G, Rafli RV, Rahardia N. CaCO 3 from Anadara granosa shell as reparative dentin inducer in odontoblast pulp cells: In-vivo study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:164-168. [PMID: 36654815 PMCID: PMC9841027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anadara granosa (blood clam) shell contained 98.7% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This material has bio-properties that able to induced the dentin regeneration. This study is expected to reveal the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in dental pulp after application of CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell. Material and methods The thirty Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar used as model. The maxillary first molar was preparation using 0.84 mm low-speed diamond bur to made cavity. The cavity then applied glass ionomer cement (as control group) and other group applied CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell. The teeth in each group were extracted after 1st, 3rd and 7th days of application for immunohistochemistry analysis for NF-kB, TGF-β1, and VEGF-A expression. Result The NF-kB expression in the group with CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell lower than control after 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p < 0.05). In other hand, the TGF-β1 and VEGF-A expression in the group with CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell higher than control after 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p < 0.05). Conclusion CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell able to stimulate the TGF-β1 and VEGF-A and suppress the NF-kB expression in the dental pulp. This material able to develop as dentin-pulp material restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Saraswati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Adioro Soetojo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Nina Dhaniar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
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Siegler S, Taghvaei M, Zegarski R, Palmese G, Mathew R, Schayes J, Schaer T, Najafi A. A porous swelling copolymeric material for improved implant fixation to bone. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1342-1350. [PMID: 36815442 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Most metallic commercial bone anchors, such as screws and suture anchors achieve their fixation to bone through shear of the bone located between the threads. They have several deficiencies, potentially leading to failure, which are particularly evident in low-density bone. These include stress-shielding resulting from mechanical properties mismatch; lack of mechanically induced remodeling and osteointegration; and when the pullout force on the anchor, during functional activities, exceeds their pullout strength, catastrophic failure occurs leaving behind large bone defects that may be hard to repair. To overcome these deficiencies, we introduced in this study a porous swelling co-polymeric material and studied its swelling and compressive mechanical characteristics as bone anchor under different configurations. Porosity was achieved by adding a non-dissolvable agent (NaCl) during the process of polymerization, which was later dissolved in water, leaving behind a porous structure with adequate porosity for osteointegration. Three different groups of cylindrical samples of the swelling co-polymer were investigated. Solid, fully porous, and partially porous with a solid core and a porous outer layer. The results of the swelling and simple compression study show that the partially porous swelling co-polymer maintains excellent mechanical properties matching those of cancellous bone, quick swelling response, and an adequate porous outer layer for mechanically induced osteointegration. These suggest that this material may present an effective alternative to conventional bone anchors particularly in low-density bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Siegler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Moein Taghvaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Zegarski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giuseppe Palmese
- College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rena Mathew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia Schayes
- School of Veterniary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Schaer
- School of Veterniary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmad Najafi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Qin Q, Liu Y, Yang Z, Aimaijiang M, Ma R, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Signaling in Osteogenesis and Skeletal Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911201. [PMID: 36232501 PMCID: PMC9569554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient oxygen is required to maintain normal cellular and physiological function, such as a creature’s development, breeding, and homeostasis. Lately, some researchers have reported that both pathological hypoxia and environmental hypoxia might affect bone health. Adaptation to hypoxia is a pivotal cellular event in normal cell development and differentiation and in pathological settings such as ischemia. As central mediators of homeostasis, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) can allow cells to survive in a low-oxygen environment and are essential for the regulation of osteogenesis and skeletal repair. From this perspective, we summarized the role of HIF-1 and HIF-2 in signaling pathways implicated in bone development and skeletal repair and outlined the molecular mechanism of regulation of downstream growth factors and protein molecules such as VEGF, EPO, and so on. All of these present an opportunity for developing therapies for bone regeneration.
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Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3582342. [PMID: 33834063 PMCID: PMC8012148 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3582342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biology and medicine, one hears often about stem cells and their potential. The dental implant new surfaces, subjected to specific treatments, perform better and allow for quicker healing times and better clinical performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate from a biological point of view the interaction and cytotoxicity between stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) and titanium surfaces. Through the creation of complex cells/implant, this study is aimed at analyzing the cytotoxicity of dental implant surfaces (Myth (Maipek Manufacturer Industrial Care, Naples, Italy)) and the adhesion capacity of cells on them and at considering the essential factors for implant healing such as osteoinduction and vasculogenesis. These parameters are pointed out through histology (3D cell culture), immunofluorescence, proliferation assays, scanning electron microscopy, and PCR investigations. The results of the dental implant surface and its interaction with the DPSCs are encouraging, obtaining results increasing the mineralization of the tissues. The knowledge of this type of interaction, highlighting its chemical and biological features, is certainly also an excellent starting point for the development of even more performing surfaces for having better healing in the oral surgical procedures related to dental implant positioning.
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Zavan B, Gardin C, Guarino V, Rocca T, Cruz Maya I, Zanotti F, Ferroni L, Brunello G, Chachques JC, Ambrosio L, Gasbarro V. Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030751. [PMID: 33809791 PMCID: PMC8002398 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrospun fibers have attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to their several characteristics, such as a very thin diameter, three-dimensional topography, large surface area, flexible surface, good mechanical characteristics, suitable for widespread applications. Indeed, electro-spinning offers many benefits, such as great surface-to-volume ratio, adjustable porosity, and the ability of imitating the tissue extra-cellular matrix. METHODS we processed Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) via electrospinning for the production of bilayered tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering application. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were seeded into the two side of the scaffolds: endothelial cells onto the inner side composed of PCL/Gelatin fibers able to mimic the inner surface of the vessels, and fibroblasts onto the outer side only exposing PCL fibers. Extracellular matrix production and organization has been performed by means of classical immunofluorescence against collagen type I fibers, Scanning Electron-Microscopy (SEM) has been performed in order to evaluated ultrastructural morphology, gene expression by means gene expression has been performed to evaluate the phenotype of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION results confirmed that both cells population are able to conserve their phenotype colonizing the surface supporting the hypothesis that PCL scaffolds based on electrospun fibers should be a good candidate for vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zavan
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Gardin
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (I.C.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Tiberio Rocca
- Division of Internal Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (T.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Iriczalli Cruz Maya
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (I.C.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neurosciences, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Juan-Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (Alain Carpentier Foundation), Pompidu Hospital, University Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (I.C.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Division of Internal Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (T.R.); (V.G.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ferrara University, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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Zhang C, Zhang T, Geng T, Wang X, Lin K, Wang P. Dental Implants Loaded With Bioactive Agents Promote Osseointegration in Osteoporosis: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:591796. [PMID: 33644012 PMCID: PMC7903335 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.591796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-supported dentures are widely used in patients with defect or loss of dentition because these have higher chewing efficiency and do not damage the adjacent teeth compared with fixed or removable denture. An implant-supported denture carries the risk of failure in some systemic diseases, including osteoporosis, because of a non-ideal local microenvironment. Clinically common physical and chemical modifications are used to change the roughness of the implant surface to promote osseointegration, but they have limitations in promoting osteoinduction and inhibiting bone resorption. Recently, many researchers have focused on the study of bioactive modification of implants and have achieved promising results. Herein we have summarized the progress in bioactive modification strategy to promote osseointegration by regulating the local osteoporotic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tianjia Zhang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengyu Geng
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Penglai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Fiorillo L, Bocchieri S, Stumpo C, Mastroieni R, Amoroso G, Russo D, D'Amico C, Cervino G. Multicenter clinical trial on dental implants survival rate: a FDS76® study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2020. [PMID: 33205924 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.20.04449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantology, thanks to its predictability in oral rehabilitations, has become a widespread method for rehabilitating edentulous patients, offering excellent patient satisfaction. Improving the quality of oral health, especially if rehabilitation involves minimal short and long-term complications, leads to an improvement in the quality of life of our patients. METHODS This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the short and long-term complications (up to 18 months) of implant-prosthetic rehabilitations performed with a new dental implant (FDS76®, Italy). RESULTS The results showed a limited number of complications or implant failures. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the latter could certainly help improve both surgical and dental materials performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - .,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
| | - Salvatore Bocchieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Chiara Stumpo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Mastroieni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Russo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Fiorillo L, Bocchieri S, Stumpo C, Mastroieni R, Amoroso G, Russo D, D'Amico C, Cervino G. Multicenter clinical trial on dental implants survival rate: a FDS76® study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2020; 70:190-195. [PMID: 33205924 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.20.04449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantology, thanks to its predictability in oral rehabilitations, has become a widespread method for rehabilitating edentulous patients, offering excellent patient satisfaction. Improving the quality of oral health, especially if rehabilitation involves minimal short and long-term complications, leads to an improvement in the quality of life of our patients. METHODS This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the short and long-term complications (up to 18 months) of implant-prosthetic rehabilitations performed with a new dental implant (FDS76®, Italy). RESULTS The results showed a limited number of complications or implant failures. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the latter could certainly help improve both surgical and dental materials performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - .,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
| | - Salvatore Bocchieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Chiara Stumpo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Mastroieni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Russo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BMMSCs) Augment Osteointegration of Dental Implants in Type 1 Diabetic Rabbits: An X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56040148. [PMID: 32218375 PMCID: PMC7230266 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) on implant-bone osseointegration in type I diabetic New Zealand rabbits. Materials and methods: BMMSCs harvested from healthy rabbits were processed and validated for purity and osteocyte differentiability. Mandibular incisors of diabetic and control rabbits were carefully extracted, and the sockets were plugged with collagen sponges. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing osteoinductive BMMSCs, and plain PRP were injected into the collagen sponge of the right and left sockets respectively. Dental implants of 2.6 mm diameter and 10 mm length were inserted into the collagen sponge of both sockets. All the animals were sacrificed six weeks post surgery to evaluate an early stage of osseointegration; the mandibles scanned by X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) and subjected to 3D analysis. The μCT parameters of the right implant were paired against that of the left side of each animal and analyzed by paired T-test. Results: The preclinical evaluation of the viability and osteocyte differentiation of the BMMSCs were consistent between both the donor samples. The osseointegration of dental implants with stem cell therapy (BMMSCs + PRP + collagen) in normal and diabetic rabbits was significantly higher than that of implants with adjunctive PRP + collagen only (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stem Cell therapy with osteoinductive BMMSCs and PRP can offer a novel approach to enhance the osseointegration of dental implants in uncontrolled diabetic patients.
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VEGF/VEGF-R/RUNX2 Upregulation in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Seeded on Dual Acid Etched Titanium Disk. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030706. [PMID: 32033260 PMCID: PMC7040902 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In restorative dentistry, the main implants characteristic is the ability to promote the osseointegration process as the result of interaction between angiogenesis and osteogenesis events. On the other hand, implants cytocompatibility remains a necessary feature for the success of surgery. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interaction between human periodontal stem cells and two different types of titanium surfaces, to verify their cytocompatibility and cell adhesion ability, and to detect osteogenic and angiogenic markers, trough cell viability assay (MTT), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gene expression (RT-PCR). The titanium surfaces, machined (CTRL) and dual acid etched (TEST), tested in culture with human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), were previously treated in two different ways, in order to evaluate the effects of CTRL and TEST and define the best implant surface. Furthermore, the average surface roughness (Ra) of both titanium surfaces, CTRL and TEST, has been assessed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expressions have been analyzed by RT-PCR, WB analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data evidenced that the different morphology and topography of the TEST disk increased cell growth, cell adhesion, improved osteogenic and angiogenic events, as well osseointegration process. For this reason, the TEST surface was more biocompatible than the CTRL disk surface.
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Jurczak P, Witkowska J, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Lach S. Proteins, peptides and peptidomimetics as active agents in implant surface functionalization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 276:102083. [PMID: 31887572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent impact of implants on improving the human life quality has been enormous. During the past two decades we witnessed major advancements in both material and structural development of implants. They were driven mainly by the increasing patients' demand and the need to address the major issues that come along with the initially underestimated complexity of the bone-implant interface. While both, the materials and design of implants reached a certain, balanced state, recent years brought a shift in focus towards the bone-implant interface as the weakest link in the increasing implant long-term usability. As a result, several approaches were developed. They aimed at influencing and enhancing the implant osseointegration and its proper behavior when under load and stress. With this review, we would like to discuss the recent advancements in the field of implant surface modifications, emphasizing the importance of chemical methods, focusing on proteins, peptides and peptidomimetics as promising agents for titanium surface coatings.
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Zhang G, Zhang X, Yang Y, Chi R, Shi J, Hang R, Huang X, Yao X, Chu PK, Zhang X. Dual light-induced in situ antibacterial activities of biocompatibleTiO2/MoS2/PDA/RGD nanorod arrays on titanium. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:391-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of bacterial infection and promotion of osseointegration are two important issues for titanium (Ti) implants in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Jiangsu Provinces Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute
- Branch of Wuxi
- National Graphene Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Jiangsu)
- Wuxi 214174
- China
| | - Ruifang Chi
- Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Jing Shi
- Analytical Instrumentation Center
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan 030001
| | - Ruiqiang Hang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
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15
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Exosome-integrated titanium oxide nanotubes for targeted bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:480-492. [PMID: 30630122 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles that play an important role in cellular communication. The modulatory effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on macrophages have encouraged the functionalization of scaffolds through the integration of the exosomes from the BMP2-stimulated macrophages to avoid ectopic bone formation and reduce adverse effects. To determine the functionality of exosomal nanocarriers from macrophages after BMP2 stimulation, we isolated the exosomes from Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)- or BMP2-stimulated macrophages and evaluated their effects on osteogenesis. Morphological characterization of the exosomes derived from DMEM- or BMP2-treated macrophages revealed no significant differences, and the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells showed similar cellular uptake patterns for both exosomes. In vitro study using BMP2/macrophage-derived exosomes indicated their beneficial effects on osteogenic differentiation. To improve the bio-functionality for titanium implants, BMP2/macrophage-derived exosomes were used to modify titanium nanotube implants to favor osteogenesis. The incorporation of BMP2/macrophage-derived exosomes dramatically increased the expression of early osteoblastic differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and BMP2, indicative of the pro-osteogenic role of the titanium nanotubes incorporated with BMP2/macrophage-derived exosomes. The titanium nanotubes functionalized with BMP2/macrophage-derived exosomes activated autophagy during osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the exosome-integrated titanium nanotube may serve as an emerging functional material for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is often limited by its side effects. Exosomes are naturally secreted nanosized vesicles derived from cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. The contributions of this study include (1) the demonstration of the potential regulatory role of BMP2/macrophage-derived exosomes on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs); (2) fabrication of titanium nanotubes incorporated with exosomes; (3) new insights into the application of titanium nanotube-based materials for the safe use of BMP2.
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16
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Patil SS, Nune KC, Misra RDK. Alginate/poly(amidoamine) injectable hybrid hydrogel for cell delivery. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:295-314. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218790211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A covalently cross-linked injectable hybrid hydrogel, namely, alginate/poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), with the objective of cell delivery was innovatively designed and synthesized using tetra-amino-functional PAMAM dendrimer as the cross-linker. With the increase in percentage of PAMAM cross-linker, the pore size and swelling ratio of hydrogels were in the range of 57 ± 18 μm to 88 ± 25 μm and 110 ± 16 to 157 ± 20, respectively. The study of attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay through indirect and direct contact methods indicated a continuous increase in metabolically active live cells with time, implying non-cytotoxicity of the synthesized hydrogel. The live–dead assay showed >95% of live cells for alginate/PAMAM hydrogels, suggesting viability of the encapsulated cells. When the percentage of PAMAM cross-linker in alginate/PAMAM hydrogel was increased from 5 to 25, the percentage degradation rate decreased from 1.1 to 0.29%/day. Given that the poly(ethylene glycol) is commonly used cross-linker for hydrogel syntheses, we compared the behavior with poly(ethylene glycol). The incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) in alginate/PAMAM hydrogel reduced the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells and their viability compared to the alginate/PAMAM hydrogels. The protonation of amino groups in alginate/PAMAM injectables under physiological conditions led to the formation of cationic hydrogels. These cationic hydrogels showed enhanced cell encapsulation and attachment ability because of electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell surface as determined by cell adhesion and extensions from scanning electron microscope and vinculin assay and ability of in situ calcium phosphate mineralization. These observations point toward the potential use as an injectable scaffold for cell delivery and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- SS Patil
- Biomedical and Macromolecular Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - KC Nune
- Biomedical and Macromolecular Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - RDK Misra
- Biomedical and Macromolecular Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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17
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Osteochondral Angiogenesis and Promoted Vascularization: New Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:315-330. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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