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Du S, Yang J, Qu S, Lan Z, Sun T, Dong Y, Shang Z, Liu D, Yang Y, Yan L, Wang X, Huang H, Ji J, Cui P, Li Y, Li M. Impact of Precursor Concentration on Perovskite Crystallization for Efficient Wide-Bandgap Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093185. [PMID: 35591518 PMCID: PMC9101143 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High-crystalline-quality wide-bandgap metal halide perovskite materials that achieve superior performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely explored. Precursor concentration plays a crucial role in the wide-bandgap perovskite crystallization process. Herein, we investigated the influence of precursor concentration on the morphology, crystallinity, optical property, and defect density of perovskite materials and the photoelectric performance of solar cells. We found that the precursor concentration was the key factor for accurately controlling the nucleation and crystal growth process, which determines the crystallization of perovskite materials. The precursor concentration based on Cs0.05FA0.8MA0.15Pb(I0.84Br0.16)3 perovskite was controlled from 0.8 M to 2.3 M. The perovskite grains grow larger with the increase in concentration, while the grain boundary and bulk defect decrease. After regulation and optimization, the champion PSC with the 2.0 M precursor concentration exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.13%. The management of precursor concentration provides an effective way for obtaining high-crystalline-quality wide-bandgap perovskite materials and high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Yang
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Shujie Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhineng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tiange Sun
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Yixin Dong
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Ziya Shang
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Dongxue Liu
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Luyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Xiao X, Chen B, Kelly LL, Zhao J, Lin Y, Toney MF, Huang J. Crystallization in one-step solution deposition of perovskite films: Upward or downward? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb2412. [PMID: 33523938 PMCID: PMC10670903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fast progress of perovskite photovoltaic performances, understanding the crystallization and growth of perovskite films is still lagging. One unanswered fundamental question is whether the perovskite films are grown from top (air side) to bottom (substrate side) or from bottom to top despite 10 years of development. Here, by using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and morphology characterizations, we unveil that the perovskite films prepared by one-step solution processes, including antisolvent-assisted spin coating and blade coating, follow the downward growth from intermediate phase during thermal annealing. Such a top-to-bottom downward growth is initialized by the evaporation of residual solvent from the top surface of "wet" films and is less sensitive to perovskite compositions and the wettability of underlying substrates. Addressing this fundamental question is important to understand the heterogeneity of perovskite films along the vertical direction, which markedly affects the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Chen
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leah L Kelly
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuze Lin
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Photovoltaic Characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Added with Ethylammonium Bromide and Formamidinium Iodide. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photovoltaic characteristics of solar cell devices in which ethylammonium (EA) and formamidinium (FA) were added to CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite photoactive layers were investigated. The thin films for the devices were deposited by an ordinary spin-coating technique in ambient air, and the X-ray diffraction analysis revealed changes of the lattice constants, crystallite sizes and crystal orientations. By adding FA and EA, surface defects of the perovskite layer decreased, and the photoelectric parameters were improved. In addition, the highly (100) crystal orientations and device stabilities were improved by the EA and FA addition.
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