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Nie T, Fang Z, Yang T, Zhao K, Ding J, Liu SF. Anti-Solvent-Free Preparation for Efficient and Photostable Pure-Iodide Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400205. [PMID: 38436587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell (TSC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential to breakthrough the theoretical efficiency set for single-junction solar cells. However, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) designed as its top component cell suffers from severe photo-induced halide segregation owing to its mixed-halide strategy for achieving desirable wide-bandgap (1.68 eV). Developing pure-iodide wide-bandgap perovskites is a promising route to fabricate photostable perovskite/silicon TSCs. Here, we report efficient and photostable pure-iodide wide-bandgap PSCs made from an anti-solvent-free (ASF) technique. The ASF process is achieved by mixing two precursor solutions, both of which are capable of depositing corresponding perovskite films without involving anti-solvent. The mixed solution finally forms Cs0.3DMA0.2MA0.5PbI3 perovskite film with a bandgap of 1.68 eV. Furthermore, methylammonium chloride additive is applied to enhance the crystallinity and reduce the trap density of perovskite films. As a result, the pure-iodide wide-bandgap PSC delivers efficiency as high as 21.30 % with excellent photostability, the highest for this type of solar cells. The ASF method significantly improves the device reproducibility as compared with devices made from other anti-solvent methods. Our findings provide a novel recipe to prepare efficient and photostable wide-bandgap PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Nie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, 225127, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tinghuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianning Ding
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, 225127, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
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2
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Jia P, Chen G, Li G, Liang J, Guan H, Wang C, Pu D, Ge Y, Hu X, Cui H, Du S, Liang C, Liao J, Xing G, Ke W, Fang G. Intermediate Phase Suppression with Long Chain Diammonium Alkane for High Performance Wide-Bandgap and Tandem Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024:e2400105. [PMID: 38452401 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite can construct tandem cells with narrow bandgap solar cells by adjusting the band gap to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limitation of single junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, WBG perovskites still suffer from severe nonradiative carrier recombination and large open-circuit voltage loss. Here, this work uses an in situ photoluminescence (PL) measurement to monitor the intermediate phase evolution and crystallization process via blade coating. This work reports a strategy to fabricate efficient and stable WBG perovskite solar cells through doping a long carbon chain molecule octane-1,8-diamine dihydroiodide (ODADI). It is found that ODADI doping not only suppresses intermediate phases but also promote the crystallization of perovskite and passivate defects in blade coated 1.67 eV WBG FA0.7 Cs0.25 MA0.05 Pb(I0.8 Br0.2 )3 perovskite films. As a result, the champion single junction inverted PSCs deliver the efficiencies of 22.06% and 19.63% for the active area of 0.07 and 1.02 cm2 , respectively, which are the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in WBG PSCs by blade coating. The unencapsulated device demonstrates excellent stability in air, which maintains its initial efficiency at the maximum power points under constant AM 1.5G illumination in open air for nearly 500 h. The resulting semitransparent WBG device delivers a high PCE of 20.06%, and the 4-terminal all-perovskite tandem device delivers a PCE of 28.35%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Chen
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Liang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Guan
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Dexin Pu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yansong Ge
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
| | - Hongsen Cui
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Du
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Ke
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guojia Fang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China
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Xu Q, Shi B, Li Y, Liu J, Li Y, SunLi Z, Liu P, Zhang Y, Sun C, Han W, Huang Q, Zhang D, Ren H, Du X, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Diffusible Capping Layer Enabled Homogeneous Crystallization and Component Distribution of Hybrid Sequential Deposited Perovskite. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308692. [PMID: 37939356 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the development of wide-bandgap perovskite by thermal evaporation and spin-coating hybrid sequential deposition (HSD) method has special meaning on textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, the common issues of insufficient reaction caused by blocking of perovskite capping layer are exacerbated in HSD, because evaporated precursors are usually denser with higher crystallinity and the widely used additive-assisted microstructure is also difficult to access. Here, a facile "diffusible perovskite capping layer" (DPCL) strategy to solve this dilemma is presented. With DPCL, crystallization alleviation of perovskite and more diffusion channels of organic salts can be realized simultaneously, contributing to a homogenization process. The resultant perovskite films exhibit complete conversion, uniform crystallization, enhanced quality, and reduced defect, leading to obvious improvements in device efficiency, repeatability, and stability. This work offers a way to promote the development of textured tandems a step further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojing Xu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Biao Shi
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zetong SunLi
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huizhi Ren
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaona Du
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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Criswell SG, Mahadik NA, Gallagher JC, Barnett J, Kim L, Ghorbani M, Kamaliya B, Bassim ND, Taubner T, Caldwell JD. Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Extended Defects in 4H-Silicon Carbide. Nano Lett 2024; 24:114-121. [PMID: 38164942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Extended defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors have been widely investigated using techniques providing either spectroscopic or microscopic information. Nano-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) is a nondestructive characterization method combining FTIR with nanoscale spatial resolution (∼20 nm) and topographic information. Here, we demonstrate the capability of nano-FTIR for the characterization of extended defects in semiconductors by investigating an in-grown stacking fault (IGSF) present in a 4H-SiC epitaxial layer. We observe a local spectral shift of the mid-infrared near-field response, consistent with the identification of the defect stacking order as 3C-SiC (cubic) from comparative simulations based on the finite dipole model (FDM). This 3C-SiC IGSF contrasts with the more typical 8H-SiC IGSFs reported previously and is exemplary in showing that nanoscale spectroscopy with nano-FTIR can provide new insights into the properties of extended defects, the understanding of which is crucial for mitigating deleterious effects of such defects in alternative semiconductor materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Criswell
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Electro-Optic Technology Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana 47522, United States
| | - Nadeemullah A Mahadik
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - James C Gallagher
- US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Julian Barnett
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luke Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Morvarid Ghorbani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Bhaveshkumar Kamaliya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nabil D Bassim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Thomas Taubner
- I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Electro-Optic Technology Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana 47522, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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5
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Al-Anesi B, Grandhi GK, Pecoraro A, Sugathan V, Viswanath NSM, Ali-Löytty H, Liu M, Ruoko TP, Lahtonen K, Manna D, Toikkonen S, Muñoz-García AB, Pavone M, Vivo P. Antimony-Bismuth Alloying: The Key to a Major Boost in the Efficiency of Lead-Free Perovskite-Inspired Photovoltaics. Small 2023; 19:e2303575. [PMID: 37452442 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite-inspired Cu2 AgBiI6 (CABI) material has been gaining increasing momentum as photovoltaic (PV) absorber due to its low toxicity, intrinsic air stability, direct bandgap, and a high absorption coefficient in the range of 105 cm-1 . However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of existing CABI-based PVs is still seriously constrained by the presence of both intrinsic and surface defects. Herein, antimony (III) (Sb3+ ) is introduced into the octahedral lattice sites of the CABI structure, leading to CABI-Sb with larger crystalline domains than CABI. The alloying of Sb3+ with bismuth (III) (Bi3+ ) induces changes in the local structural symmetry that dramatically increase the formation energy of intrinsic defects. Light-intensity dependence and electron impedance spectroscopic studies show reduced trap-assisted recombination in the CABI-Sb PV devices. CABI-Sb solar cells feature a nearly 40% PCE enhancement (from 1.31% to 1.82%) with respect to the CABI devices mainly due to improvement in short-circuit current density. This work will promote future compositional design studies to enhance the intrinsic defect tolerance of next-generation wide-bandgap absorbers for high-performance and stable PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Al-Anesi
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - G Krishnamurthy Grandhi
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Adriana Pecoraro
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini" University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Vipinraj Sugathan
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | | | - Harri Ali-Löytty
- Surface Science Group, Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Maning Liu
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33101, Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahtonen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Debjit Manna
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Sami Toikkonen
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini" University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Paola Vivo
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
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6
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Guo H, Fang Y, Lei Y, Wu J, Li M, Li X, Cheng HB, Lin Y, Dyson PJ. Mitigating Ion Migration with an Ultrathin Self-Assembled Ionic Insulating Layer Affords Efficient and Stable Wide-Bandgap Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2023; 19:e2302021. [PMID: 37222112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting increasing attention because they play an irreplaceable role in tandem solar cells. Nevertheless, wide-bandgap PSCs suffer large open-circuit voltage (VOC ) loss and instability due to photoinduced halide segregation, significantly limiting their application. Herein, a bile salt (sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, GCDC, a natural product), is used to construct an ultrathin self-assembled ionic insulating layer firmly coating the perovskite film, which suppresses halide phase separation, reduces VOC loss, and improves device stability. As a result, 1.68 eV wide-bandgap devices with an inverted structure deliver a VOC of 1.20 V with an efficiency of 20.38%. The unencapsulated GCDC-treated devices are considerably more stable than the control devices, retaining 92% of their initial efficiency after 1392 h storage under ambient conditions and retaining 93% after heating at 65 °C for 1128 h in an N2 atmosphere. This strategy of mitigating ion migration via anchoring a nonconductive layer provides a simple approach to achieving efficient and stable wide-bandgap PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research / Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research / Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yan Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research / Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research / Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research / Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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7
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Zhao J, Chesman ASR, Yan J, Sutherland LJ, Jasieniak J, Lu J, Mao W, Bach U. Precursor Engineering of Lead Acetate-Based Precursors for High-Open-Circuit Voltage Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18800-18807. [PMID: 37032480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites have great potential for inclusion in efficient tandem solar cells, but large open-circuit voltage losses have limited device performance to date. Here, we show that a high-quality WBG perovskite, FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3, with enlarged grain sizes and improved crystallinity can be achieved by incorporating lead chloride (PbCl2) into a lead acetate (PbAc2)-based precursor. The improved film quality resulted in the suppression of nonradiative recombination and a reduction in defect density. Efficient WBG perovskite solar cells (1.66 eV) with an efficiency of 19.3% and a high Voc of 1.22 V were fabricated using a facile one-step spin-coating method without the need for an antisolvent. Notably, the unencapsulated devices retained 90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after storage in a dry box (10% humidity) for 800 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Junlin Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Luke J Sutherland
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacek Jasieniak
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Wenxin Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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8
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Du S, Yang J, Qu S, Lan Z, Sun T, Dong Y, Shang Z, Liu D, Yang Y, Yan L, Wang X, Huang H, Ji J, Cui P, Li Y, Li M. Impact of Precursor Concentration on Perovskite Crystallization for Efficient Wide-Bandgap Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15093185. [PMID: 35591518 PMCID: PMC9101143 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High-crystalline-quality wide-bandgap metal halide perovskite materials that achieve superior performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely explored. Precursor concentration plays a crucial role in the wide-bandgap perovskite crystallization process. Herein, we investigated the influence of precursor concentration on the morphology, crystallinity, optical property, and defect density of perovskite materials and the photoelectric performance of solar cells. We found that the precursor concentration was the key factor for accurately controlling the nucleation and crystal growth process, which determines the crystallization of perovskite materials. The precursor concentration based on Cs0.05FA0.8MA0.15Pb(I0.84Br0.16)3 perovskite was controlled from 0.8 M to 2.3 M. The perovskite grains grow larger with the increase in concentration, while the grain boundary and bulk defect decrease. After regulation and optimization, the champion PSC with the 2.0 M precursor concentration exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.13%. The management of precursor concentration provides an effective way for obtaining high-crystalline-quality wide-bandgap perovskite materials and high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Yang
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Shujie Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhineng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tiange Sun
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Yixin Dong
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Ziya Shang
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Dongxue Liu
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 100038, China; (J.Y.); (T.S.); (Y.D.); (Z.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Yingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Luyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (S.D.); (S.Q.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (H.H.); (J.J.); (P.C.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Nong H, Wu Q, Tan J, Sun Y, Zheng R, Zhang R, Zhao S, Liu B. Layer-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy and Electronic Applications of Wide-Bandgap 2D Semiconductor β-ZrNCl. Small 2022; 18:e2107490. [PMID: 35187848 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, 2D layered semiconductors have received much attention for their potential in next-generation electronics and optoelectronics. Wide-bandgap 2D semiconductors are especially important in the blue and ultraviolet wavelength region, although there are very few 2D materials in this region. Here, monolayer β-type zirconium nitride chloride (β-ZrNCl) is isolated for the first time, which is an air-stable layered material with a bandgap of ≈3.0 eV in bulk. Systematical investigation of layer-dependent Raman scattering of ZrNCl from monolayer, bilayer, to bulk reveals a blueshift of its out-of-plane A1g peak at ≈189 cm-1 . Importantly, this A1g peak is absent in the monolayer, suggesting that it is a fingerprint to quickly identify the monolayer and for the thickness determination of 2D ZrNCl. The back gate field-effect transistor based on few-layer ZrNCl shows a high on/off ratio of 108 . These results suggest the potential of 2D β-ZrNCl for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Nong
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinke Wu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Tan
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Rongxu Zheng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bilu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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10
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Chen MI, Singh AK, Chiang JL, Horng RH, Wuu DS. Zinc Gallium Oxide-A Review from Synthesis to Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2208. [PMID: 33167531 PMCID: PMC7694528 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinel ZnGa2O4 has received significant attention from researchers due to its wide bandgap and high chemical and thermal stability; hence, paving the way for it to have potential in various applications. This review focuses on its physical, optical, mechanical and electrical properties, contributing to the better understanding of this material. The recent trends for growth techniques and processing in the research and development of ZnGa2O4 from bulk crystal growth to thin films are discussed in detail for device performance. This material has excellent properties and is investigated widely in deep-ultraviolet photodetectors, gas sensors and phosphors. In this article, effects of substrate temperature, annealing temperature, oxygen partial pressure and zinc/gallium ratio are discussed for device processing and fabrication. In addition, research progress and future outlooks are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-I Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-I.C.); (A.K.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Anoop Kumar Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-I.C.); (A.K.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Jung-Lung Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-I.C.); (A.K.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Ray-Hua Horng
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30100, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Sing Wuu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-I.C.); (A.K.S.); (J.-L.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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11
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Lee TH, Kim KH, Lee BR, Park JH, Schubert EF, Kim TG. Glass-Based Transparent Conductive Electrode: Its Application to Visible-to-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:35668-35677. [PMID: 27990816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitride-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) are promising replacements for conventional UV lamps. However, the external quantum efficiency of UV LEDs is much lower than for visible LEDs due to light absorption in the p-GaN contact and electrode layers, along with p-AlGaN growth and doping issues. To minimize such absorption, we should obtain direct ohmic contact to p-AlGaN using UV-transparent ohmic electrodes and not use p-GaN as a contact layer. Here, we propose a glass-based transparent conductive electrode (TCE) produced using electrical breakdown (EBD) of an AlN thin film, and we apply the thin film to four (Al)GaN-based visible and UV LEDs with thin buffer layers for current spreading and damage protection. Compared to LEDs with optimal ITO contacts, our LEDs with AlN TCEs exhibit a lower forward voltage, higher light output power, and brighter light emission for all samples. The ohmic transport mechanism for current injection and spreading from the metal electrode to p-(Al)GaN layer via AlN TCE is also investigated by analyzing the p-(Al)GaN surface before and after EBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Heon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Ryong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - E Fred Schubert
- Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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