1
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Prasad K, Upreti D, Un Nabi MR, Oppong RA, Wang F, Shinde M, Hu J, Wang J. Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Magnetic and Electrical Transport Properties of Bismuthides NdZn 0.6Bi 2 and (La 0.5RE 0.5)Zn 0.6Bi 2 (RE = Pr or Nd). Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39298271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Bismuth is a good constituent element for many quantum materials due to its large atomic number, 6s26p3 orbitals, and strong spin-orbital coupling. In this work, three new bismuthides, NdZn0.6Bi2, (La0.5Pr0.5)Zn0.6Bi2, and (La0.5Nd0.5)Zn0.6Bi2, were grown by a metal flux method, and their crystal structures were accurately determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These new bismuthides belong to the RE-T-Pn2 (RE = La-Lu, T = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn, and Pn = P, As, Sb, or Bi) family, are isostructural, and crystallize in the HfCuSi2 structure type. The bismuth elements have two possible oxidation states, Bi3- and Bi-, which were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Two binding energy peaks of 155.91 and 161.23 eV were observed for Bi atoms within NdZn0.6Bi2, and similar binding energy peaks were detected in NdBi and LiBi. XPS also confirmed the trivalent nature of Nd, which was further verified by magnetic measurements. Additionally, magnetic measurements revealed that NdZn0.6Bi2 exhibits an antiferromagnetic transition around 3 K, while the mixed-cation compounds do not show any magnetic transition down to 2 K. Electronic transport measurements reveal weak magnetoresistance in all three compounds, with a maximum value of ∼25% at 2 K and 9 T for (La0.5Nd0.5)Zn0.6Bi2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Dinesh Upreti
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Md Rafique Un Nabi
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Richeal A Oppong
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65897, United States
| | - Manish Shinde
- National Institute for Aviation Research, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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2
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Gärtner S, Witzmann M, Lorenz-Fuchs C, Gschwind RM, Korber N. Liquid Ammonia: More than an Innocent Solvent for Zintl Anions. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39121187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Liquid ammonia as the original solvent for Zintl anions has been replaced by easier to handle or more versatile solvents in most recent Zintl chemistry. However, methodological advances have made it possible to structurally investigate the anions in ammoniate crystals via crystallography or in the solutions themselves via nuclear magnetic resonance. While in some cases liquid ammonia acts as an innocent solvent, it also provides different possibilities of direct involvement in chemical reactions. In addition to simple dissolution without changes to the anions observed in the solid starting materials, protonation of the anion, incongruent dissolution involving redox processes, and further oxidation and reduction products have been observed. The use of the solvent liquid ammonia under ambient pressure is limited to low temperatures, which in turn allows the monitoring of kinetically stabilized species, some of which cannot be accessed at higher temperatures. In this work, the available literature reports are summarized or referenced, and compounds that have been characterized as new ammoniate crystals are presented and contextualized. Innocent dissolution is observed for clusters involved in K2.9Rb5.1[Si4][Si9]·15NH3, Cs4Sn9·12NH3, Cs4Pb9·5NH3, and [Rb@[18]crown-6]2[Rb@[2.2.2]crypt]Rb[Ge9]·4NH3. Formal protonation of [Ge4]4- results in the crystallization of [Na@[2.2.2]crypt]2[H2Ge4]·3NH3. Tt52- (Tt = Sn or Pb) and HSi93- cannot be accessed in a binary solid state material but can be crystallized in co-crystals of PPh3 in [Rb@[2.2.2]crypt]2[Sn5][PPh3]2·NH3, [Rb@[2.2.2]crypt]2[Pb5][PPh3]2·NH3, and [K@[2.2.2]crypt]3[HSi9][PPh3]·5NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gärtner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Witzmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Lorenz-Fuchs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Korber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Finzel K, Schwarz U. Zintl Phase versus Covalent Metal: Chemical Bonding in Silicon Dumbbells of Ca 5Si 3 and CaSi 3. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38912596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Silicon dumbbells constitute identifiable anionic molecular species in Zintl phases and so-called covalent metals holding units with homopolar bonding inside a metallic framework. Based on electron-precise Ca5Si3 and metallic CaSi3, the chemical bonding in Si2 units is investigated by computational quantum chemical methods considering the dual nature of the wave function. This concerted wave-vector and real space study substantiates that the Si2 dumbbells in Ca5Si3 can be referred to as molecular building units Si26- with additional metallic and ionic contributions in the solid. In the covalent metal CaSi3, however, the bonding within the dumbbells falls short of fulfilling the octet rule. As a result, antibonding states of the Si2 building units are depopulated and attend metallic interactions, simultaneously giving rise to stronger covalent Si-Si bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Finzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Noethnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Noethnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Fu M, Critchley K. Inkjet printing of heavy-metal-free quantum dots-based devices: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:302002. [PMID: 38640903 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad40b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Inkjet printing (IJP) has become a versatile, cost-effective technology for fabricating organic and hybrid electronic devices. Heavy-metal-based quantum dots (HM QDs) play a significant role in these inkjet-printed devices due to their excellent optoelectrical properties. Despite their utility, the intrinsic toxicity of HM QDs limits their applications in commercial products. To address this limitation, developing alternative HM-free quantum dots (HMF QDs) that have equivalent optoelectronic properties to HM QD is a promising approach to reduce toxicity and environmental impact. This article comprehensively reviews HMF QD-based devices fabricated using IJP methods. The discussion includes the basics of IJP technology, the formulation of printable HMF QD inks, and solutions to the coffee ring effect. Additionally, this review briefly explores the performance of typical state-of-the-art HMF QDs and cutting-edge characterization techniques for QD inks and printed QD films. The performance of printed devices based on HMF QDs is discussed and compared with those fabricated by other techniques. In the conclusion, the persisting challenges are identified, and perspectives on potential avenues for further progress in this rapidly developing research field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Critchley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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5
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Parker MA, De Marco ML, Castro-Grijalba A, Ghoridi A, Portehault D, Pechev S, Hillard EA, Lacomme S, Bessière A, Cunin F, Rosa P, Gonidec M, Drisko GL. Size-tunable silicon nanoparticles synthesized in solution via a redox reaction. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7958-7964. [PMID: 38564304 PMCID: PMC11044627 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A current challenge in silicon chemistry is to perform liquid-phase synthesis of silicon nanoparticles, which would permit the use of colloidal synthesis techniques to control size and shape. Herein we show how silicon nanoparticles were synthesized at ambient temperature and pressure in organic solvents through a redox reaction. Specifically, a hexacoordinated silicon complex, bis(N,N'-diisopropylbutylamidinato)dichlorosilane, was reduced by a silicon Zintl phase, sodium silicide (Na4Si4). The resulting silicon nanoparticles were crystalline with sizes tuned from a median particle diameter of 15 nm to 45 nm depending on the solvent. Photoluminescence measurements performed on colloidal suspensions of the 45 nm diameter silicon nanoparticles indicated a blue emission signal, attributed to the partial oxidation of the Si nanocrystals or to the presence of nitrogen impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Parker
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | | | | | - Anissa Ghoridi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stanislav Pechev
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Sabrina Lacomme
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, UMR 52531919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélie Bessière
- Univ.Montpellier, CNRS, ICGM, ENSCM, UMR-5618, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Cunin
- Univ.Montpellier, CNRS, ICGM, ENSCM, UMR-5618, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Rosa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Mathieu Gonidec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.
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6
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Ni C, O'Connor KM, Butler C, Veinot JGC. Synthesis of high-entropy germanides and investigation of their formation process. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:580-588. [PMID: 38446210 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys and compounds have emerged as an attractive research area in part because of their distinctive solid-solution structure and multi-element compositions that provide near-limitless tailorability. A diverse array of reports describing high-entropy compounds, including carbides, nitrides, sulfides, oxides, fluorides, silicides, and borides, has resulted. Strikingly, exploration of high-entropy germanides (HEGs) has remained relatively limited. In this study, we present a detailed investigation into the synthesis of HEGs, specifically AuAgCuPdPtGe and FeCoNiCrVGe, via a rapid thermal annealing. The structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized HEGs were assessed using laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Complementing these post-synthesis analyses, we interrogated the formation and growth mechanisms using in situ heating XRD and TEM and determined that HEG formation involved initial decomposition of germanane (GeNSs) during the annealing, followed by gradual grain growth via atom diffusion at temperatures below 600 °C, and finally a rapid grain growth process at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Kevin M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Cole Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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7
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Kauzlarich SM. Zintl Phases: From Curiosities to Impactful Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7355-7362. [PMID: 37780412 PMCID: PMC10538499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new compounds and crystal structures remains an important research endeavor in pursuing technologically relevant materials. The Zintl concept is a guidepost for the design of new functional solid-state compounds. Zintl phases are named in recognition of Eduard Zintl, a German chemist who first studied a subgroup of intermetallics prepared with electropositive metals combined with main-group metalloids from groups 13-15 in the 1930s. Unlike intermetallic compounds, where metallic bonding is the norm, Zintl phases exhibit a combination of ionic and covalent bonding and are typically semiconductors. Zintl phases provide a palette for iso- and aliovalent substitutions that can each contribute uniquely to the properties. Zintl electron-counting rules can be employed to interrogate a structure type and develop a foundation of structure-property relationships. Employing substitutional chemistry allows for the rational design of new Zintl compounds with technological properties, such as magnetoelectronics, thermoelectricity, and other energy storage and conversion capabilities. Discovering new structure types and compositions through this approach is also possible. The background on the strength and innovation of the Zintl concept and a few highlights of Zintl phases with promising thermoelectric properties in the context of structural and electronic design will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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8
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Luo J, Arnot DJ, King ST, Kingan A, Nicoll A, Tong X, Bock DC, Takeuchi ES, Marschilok AC, Yan S, Wang L, Takeuchi KJ. Two-Dimensional Siloxene Nanosheets: Impact of Morphology and Purity on Electrochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24306-24318. [PMID: 37163664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) siloxene (Si6O3H6) has shown promise as a negative electrode material for Li-ion batteries due to its high gravimetric capacity and superior mechanical properties under (de)lithiation compared to bulk Si. In this work, we prepare purified siloxene nanosheets through the removal of bulk Si contaminants, use ultrasonication to control the lateral size and thickness of the nanosheets, and probe the effects of the resulting morphology and purity on the electrochemistry. The thin siloxene nanosheets formed after 4 h of ultrasonication deliver an average capacity of 810 mA h/g under a 1000 mA/g rate over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 76%. Interestingly, the purified siloxene shows lower initial capacity but superior capacity retention over extended cycling. The 2D morphology benefit is illustrated where the parent siloxene nanosheet morphology and structure were largely maintained based on operando optoelectrochemistry, in situ Raman, ex situ scanning electron microscopy, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the purified siloxene-based electrode free from crystalline Si impurity experiences the least expansion upon (de)lithiation as visualized by cross-section electron microscopy of samples recovered post-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Luo
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David J Arnot
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Steven T King
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Arun Kingan
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Andrew Nicoll
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xiao Tong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - David C Bock
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Shan Yan
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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9
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Liu Y, Briggs JP, Majid AAA, Furtak TE, Walker M, Singh M, Koh CA, Taylor PC, Collins RT. Formation of Type II Silicon Clathrate with Lithium Guests through Thermal Diffusion. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6882-6892. [PMID: 36715366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
At low guest atom concentrations, Si clathrates can be viewed as semiconductors, with the guest atoms acting as dopants, potentially creating alternatives to diamond Si with exciting optoelectronic and spin properties. Studying Si clathrates with different guest atoms would not only provide insights into the electronic structure of the Si clathrates but also give insights into the unique properties that each guest can bring to the Si clathrate structure. However, the synthesis of Si clathrates with guests other than Na is challenging. In this study, we have developed an alternative approach, using thermal diffusion into type II Si clathrate with an extremely low Na concentration, to create Si clathrate with Li guests. Using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering, thermal diffusion of Li into the nearly empty Si clathrate framework is detected and characterized as a function of the diffusion temperature and time. Interestingly, the Si clathrate exhibits reduced structural stability in the presence of Li, converting to polycrystalline or disordered phases for anneals at temperatures where the starting Na guest Si clathrate is quite stable. The Li atoms inserted into the Si clathrate lattice contribute free carriers, which can be detected in Raman scattering through their effect on the strength of Si-Si bonds in the framework. These carriers can also be observed in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR shows, however, that Li guests are not simple analogues of Na guests. In particular, our results suggest that Li atoms, with their smaller size, tend to doubly occupy cages, forming "molecular-like" pairs with other Li or Na atoms. Results of this work provide a deeper insight into Li guest atoms in Si clathrate. These findings are also relevant to understanding how Li moves through and interacts with Si clathrate anodes in Li-ion batteries. Additionally, techniques presented in this work demonstrate a new method for filling the Si clathrate cages, enabling studies of a broad range of other guests in Si clathrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Joseph P Briggs
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Ahmad A A Majid
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Thomas E Furtak
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Michael Walker
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Carolyn A Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - P Craig Taylor
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Reuben T Collins
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
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10
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Vinokurov A, Popelensky V, Bubenov S, Kononov N, Cherednichenko K, Kuznetsova T, Dorofeev S. Recrystallization of Si Nanoparticles in Presence of Chalcogens: Improved Electrical and Optical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8842. [PMID: 36556648 PMCID: PMC9787536 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals of Si doped with S, Se and Te were synthesized by annealing them in chalcogen vapors in a vacuum at a high temperature range from 800 to 850 °C. The influence of the dopant on the structure and morphology of the particles and their optical and electrical properties was studied. In the case of all three chalcogens, the recrystallization of Si was observed, and XRD peaks characteristic of noncubic Si phases were found by means of electronic diffraction for Si doped with S and Se. Moreover, in presence of S and Te, crystalline rods with six-sided and four-sided cross-sections, respectively, were formed, their length reaching hundreds of μm. Samples with sulfur and selenium showed high conductivity compared to the undoped material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vinokurov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Popelensky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei Bubenov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Kononov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Vavilov, 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Cherednichenko
- Department of Colloidal and Physical Chemistry, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Leninsky Avenue, 65, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dorofeev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Morgan HWT, Shu CC, Sun ZM, McGrady JE. Missing Link in the Growth of Lead-Based Zintl Clusters: Isolation of the Dimeric Plumbaspherene [Cu 4Pb 22] 4. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8007-8017. [PMID: 35451815 PMCID: PMC9100666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report here the
structure of an endohedral plumbaspherene, [Cu4Pb22]4–, the gold analogue of
which was previously postulated to be a “missing link”
in the growth of larger clusters containing three and four icosahedral
subunits. The cluster contains two [Cu2Pb11]2– subunits linked through a Cu2Pb4 trigonal antiprism. Density functional theory reveals that the striking
ability of mixed Pb/coinage metal Zintl clusters to oligomerize and,
in the case of Au, to act as a site of nucleation for additional metal
atoms, is a direct consequence of their nd10(n + 1)s0 configuration, which generates
both a low-lying (n + 1)s-based LUMO and also a high-lying
Pb-centered HOMO. Cluster growth and nucleation is then driven by
this amphoteric character, allowing the clusters to form donor–acceptor
interactions between adjacent icosahedral units or to additional metal
atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Cong-Cong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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12
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Kauzlarich SM, Ju Z, Tseng E, Lundervold J. Recent developments in germanium containing clusters in intermetallics and nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13236-13252. [PMID: 34726681 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multimetallic clusters can be described as building blocks in intermetallics, compounds prepared from all metals and/or semi-metals, and in Zintl phases, a subset of intermetallics containing metals with large differences in electronegativity. In many cases, these intermetallic and Zintl phases provide the first clue for the possibilities of bond formation between metals and semi-metals. Recent advances in multimetallic clusters found in Zintl phases and nanoparticles focusing on Ge with transition metals and semi-metals is presented. Colloidal routes to Ge nanocrystals provide an opportunity for kinetically stabilized Ge-metal and Ge-semi-metal bonding. These routes provide crystalline nanoclusters of Ge, hereafter referred to as nanocrystals, that can be structurally characterized. Compositions of Ge nanocrystals containing transition metals, and the semi-metals, Sb, Bi, and Sn, whose structures have recently been elucidated through EXAFS, will be presented along with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Kauzlarich
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Zheng Ju
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Emily Tseng
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jesse Lundervold
- Chemistry Department, One Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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13
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Song Y, Gómez-Recio I, Kumar R, Coelho Diogo C, Casale S, Génois I, Portehault D. A straightforward approach to high purity sodium silicide Na 4Si 4. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16703-16710. [PMID: 34761779 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium silicide Na4Si4 is a reductive and reactive source of silicon highly relevant to designing non-oxidic silicon materials, including clathrates, various silicon allotropes, and metal silicides. Despite the importance of this compound, its production in high amounts and high purity is still a bottleneck with reported methods. In this work, we demonstrate that readily available silicon nanoparticles react with sodium hydride with a stoichiometry close to the theoretical one and at a temperature of 395 °C for shorter duration than previously reported. This enhanced reactivity of silicon nanoparticles makes the procedure robust and less dependent on experimental parameters, such as gas flow. As a result, we deliver a procedure to achieve Na4Si4 with purity of ca. 98 mol% at the gram scale. We show that this compound is an efficient precursor to deliver selectively type I and type II sodium silicon clathrates depending on the conditions of thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Isabel Gómez-Recio
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Ram Kumar
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Cristina Coelho Diogo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Paris-Centre, IMPC, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Casale
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Génois
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
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14
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Milliken S, Thiessen AN, Cheong IT, O'Connor KM, Li Z, Hooper RW, Robidillo CJT, Veinot JGC. "Turning the dials": controlling synthesis, structure, composition, and surface chemistry to tailor silicon nanoparticle properties. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16379-16404. [PMID: 34492675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can be challenging to prepare with defined size, crystallinity, composition, and surface chemistry. As is the case for any nanomaterial, controlling these parameters is essential if SiNPs are to realize their full potential in areas such as alternative energy generation and storage, sensors, and medical imaging. Numerous teams have explored and established innovative synthesis methods, as well as surface functionalization protocols to control these factors. Furthermore, substantial effort has been expended to understand how the abovementioned parameters influence material properties. In the present review we provide a commentary highlighting the benefits and limitations of available methods for preparing silicon nanoparticles as well as demonstrations of tailoring optical and electronic properties through definition of structure (i.e., crystalline vs. amorphous), composition and surface chemistry. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities for future SiNP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Milliken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Kevin M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Riley W Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
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15
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Ryan BJ, Roling LT, Panthani MG. Anisotropic Disorder and Thermal Stability of Silicane. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14557-14569. [PMID: 34506120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin silicon nanosheets (SiNSs), such as silicane, have potential for next-generation computing paradigms, such as integrated photonics, owing to their efficient photoluminescence emission and complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. To be considered as a viable material for next-generation photonics, the SiNSs must retain their structural and optical properties at operating temperatures. However, the intersheet disorder of SiNSs and their nanoscale structure makes structural characterization difficult. Here, we use synchrotron X-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to characterize the anisotropic disorder within SiNSs, demonstrating they exhibit disorder within the intersheet spacing, but have little translational or rotational disorder among adjacent SiNSs. Furthermore, we identify changes in their structural, chemical, and optical properties after being heated in an inert atmosphere up to 475 °C. We characterized changes of the annealed SiNSs using synchrotron-based total X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, absorbance, photoluminescence, and excited-state lifetime. We find that the silicon framework is robust, with an onset of amorphization at ∼300 °C, which is well above the required operating temperatures of photonic devices. Above ∼300 °C, we demonstrate that the SiNSs begin to coalesce while keeping their translational alignment to yield amorphous silicon nanosheets. In addition, our DFT results provide information on the structure, energetics, band structures, and vibrational properties of 11 distinct oxygen-containing SiNSs. Overall, these results provide critical information for the implementation of atomically thin silicon nanosheets in next-generation CMOS-compatible integrated photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Ryan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Luke T Roling
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Matthew G Panthani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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16
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Streitferdt V, Tiefenthaler SM, Shenderovich IG, Gärtner S, Korber N, Gschwind RM. NMR‐Spectroscopic Detection of an Elusive Protonated and Coinage Metalated Silicide [NHC
Dipp
Cu(η
4
‐Si
9
)H]
2−
in Solution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Streitferdt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Central Analytics University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Nikolaus Korber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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17
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Parfenov OE, Averyanov DV, Sokolov IS, Taldenkov AN, Karateev IA, Tokmachev AM, Storchak VG. High Carrier Mobility in a Layered Antiferromagnet Integrated with Silicon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41926-41932. [PMID: 34436853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coupling various functional properties in one material is always a challenge, more so if the material should be nanostructured for practical applications. Magnetism and high carrier mobility are key components for spintronic applications but rather difficult to bundle together. Here, we establish EuAl2Si2 as a layered antiferromagnet supporting high carrier mobility. Its topotactic synthesis via a sacrificial two-dimensional template results in epitaxial nanoscale films on silicon. Their outstanding structural quality and atomically sharp interfaces are demonstrated by diffraction and microscopy techniques. EuAl2Si2 films exhibit extreme magnetoresistance and a carrier mobility of above 10,000 cm2 V-1 s-1. The marriage of these properties and magnetism makes EuAl2Si2 a promising spintronic material. Importantly, the seamless integration of EuAl2Si2 with silicon technology is particularly appealing for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg E Parfenov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Averyanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sokolov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Taldenkov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Karateev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey M Tokmachev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G Storchak
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Fan L, Yang D, Li D. A Review on Metastable Silicon Allotropes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143964. [PMID: 34300884 PMCID: PMC8303612 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diamond cubic silicon is widely used for electronic applications, integrated circuits, and photovoltaics, due to its high abundance, nontoxicity, and outstanding physicochemical properties. However, it is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap, depriving its further development. Fortunately, other polymorphs of silicon have been discovered successfully, and new functional allotropes are continuing to emerge, some of which are even stable in ambient conditions and could form the basis for the next revolution in electronics, stored energy, and optoelectronics. Such structures can lead to some excellent features, including a wide range of direct or quasi-direct band gaps allowed efficient for photoelectric conversion (examples include Si-III and Si-IV), as well as a smaller volume expansion as lithium-battery anode material (such as Si24, Si46, and Si136). This review aims to give a detailed overview of these exciting new properties and routes for the synthesis of novel Si allotropes. Lastly, the key problems and the developmental trends are put forward at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (L.F.); (D.Y.)
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (L.F.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (L.F.); (D.Y.)
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8795-3180
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19
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Yu H, Ni C, Thiessen AN, Li Z, Veinot JGC. Synthesis, Properties, and Derivatization of Poly(dihydrogermane): A Germanium-Based Polyethylene Analogue. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9368-9378. [PMID: 33861576 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polygermanes are germanium-based analogues of polyolefins and possess polymer backbones made up catenated Ge atoms. In the present contribution we report the preparation of a germanium polyethylene analogue, polydihydrogermane (GeH2)n, via two straightforward approaches that involve topotactic deintercalation of Ca ions from the CaGe Zintl phase. The resulting (GeH2)n possesses morphologically dependent chemical and electronic properties and thermally decomposes to yield amorphous hydrogenated Ge. We also show that the resulting (GeH2)n provides a platform from which functionalized polygermanes can be prepared via thermally induced hydrogermylation-mediated pendant group substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Chuyi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alyxandra N Thiessen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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20
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Abstract
By using an anodic conversion process at 280 °C, the type II clathrates Na1.7(6)Ge136 and Na23.0(5)Ge136 were obtained from Na12Ge17 as the starting material. An alkali-metal iodide molten-salt electrolyte complied with the reaction conditions, allowing for the formation of microcrystalline products. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy also revealed Na4Ge13 as an intermediate and α-Ge and Cs8-xGe136 as byproducts, with the latter likely resulting from cation exchange between the starting material and electrolyte. Taking such minor side reactions and a small contribution of material without suitable electrical contact into account, anodic conversion of Na12Ge17 to Na1.7Ge136 proved to proceed without parasitic processes and to comprise the material bulk. The hitherto existing preparation method for Nax→0Ge136 by gas-solid oxidation of Na12Ge17 has thus been translated into a scalable high-temperature electrochemical approach with enhanced tools for reaction control, promising access to pure Ge(cF136) and Na24Ge136 after process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Böhme
- Department Chemical Metals Science, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (MPI CPfS), Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Clathrate III (Bromine Hydrate): Structural Relationship with Clathrate I. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1587-1596. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Du Y, Li W, Zurek E, Gao L, Cui X, Zhang M, Liu H, Tian Y, Zhang S, Zhang D. Predicted CsSi compound: a promising material for photovoltaic applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11578-11582. [PMID: 32400781 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01440k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of photovoltaic materials has received enormous interest for a wide range of both fundamental and applied research. Therefore, in this work, we identify a CsSi compound with a Zintl phase as a promising candidate for photovoltaic material by using a global structure prediction method. Electronic structure calculations indicate that this phase possesses a quasi-direct band gap of 1.45 eV, suggesting that its optical properties could be superior to those of diamond-Si for capturing sunlight from the visible to the ultraviolet range. In addition, a novel silicon allotrope is obtained by removing Cs atoms from this CsSi compound. The superconducting critical temperature (Tc) of this phase was estimated to be of 9 K in terms of a substantial density of states at the Fermi level. Our findings represent a new promising CsSi material for photovoltaic applications, as well as a potential precursor of a superconducting silicon allotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
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23
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Morozova S, Alikina M, Vinogradov A, Pagliaro M. Silicon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Encapsulation, and Application in Light-Emitting Diodes. Front Chem 2020; 8:191. [PMID: 32318540 PMCID: PMC7154098 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) are semiconductor Si nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 10 nm that hold great applicative potential as optoelectronic devices and fluorescent bio-marking agents due to their ability to fluoresce blue and red light. Their biocompatibility compared to conventional toxic Group II-VI and III-V metal-based quantum dots makes their practical utilization even more attractive to prevent environmental pollution and harm to living organisms. This work focuses on their possible use for light-emitting diode (LED) manufacturing. Summarizing the main achievements over the past few years concerning different Si quantum dot synthetic methods, LED formation and characteristics, and strategies for their stabilization by microencapsulation and modification of their surface by specific ligands, this work aims to provide guidance en route to the development of the first stable Si-based light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Morozova
- Laboratory of Inkjet Printing of Functional Materials, SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mariya Alikina
- Laboratory of Inkjet Printing of Functional Materials, SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Vinogradov
- Laboratory of Inkjet Printing of Functional Materials, SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Palermo, Italy
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24
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van IJzendoorn B, Mehta M. Frontiers in the solution-phase chemistry of homoatomic group 15 Zintl clusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14758-14765. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the solution-phase chemistry of polypnictogen Zintl cluster are discussed, including the preparation of new clusters, wet synthetic methods, and their subsequent small molecule activations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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25
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Special Issue: Advances in Zintl Phases. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162554. [PMID: 31405196 PMCID: PMC6720820 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zintl phases have garnered a great deal of attention for many applications. The term “Zintl phase” recognizes the contributions of the German chemist Eduard Zintl to the field of solid-state chemistry. While Zintl phases were initially defined as a subgroup of intermetallic phases where cations and anions or polyanions in complex intermetallic structures are valence satisfied, the foundational idea of electron counting to understand complex solid-state structures has provided insight into bonding and a bridge between solid-state and molecular chemists. This Special Issue, “Advances in Zintl Phases”, provides a collage of research in the area, from solution to solid-state chemistry.
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