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Piatti E, Miola M, Verné E. Tailoring of bioactive glass and glass-ceramics properties for in vitro and in vivo response optimization: a review. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39105508 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01574b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are inorganic biocompatible materials that can find applications in many biomedical fields. The main application is bone and dental tissue engineering. However, some applications in contact with soft tissues are emerging. It is well known that both bulk (such as composition) and surface properties (such as morphology and wettability) of an implanted material influence the response of cells in contact with the implant. This review aims to elucidate and compare the main strategies that are employed to modulate cell behavior in contact with bioactive glasses. The first part of this review is focused on the doping of bioactive glasses with ions and drugs, which can be incorporated into the bioceramic to impart several therapeutic properties, such as osteogenic, proangiogenic, or/and antibacterial ones. The second part of this review is devoted to the chemical functionalization of bioactive glasses using drugs, extra-cellular matrix proteins, vitamins, and polyphenols. In the third and final part, the physical modifications of the surfaces of bioactive glasses are reviewed. Both top-down (removing materials from the surface, for example using laser treatment and etching strategies) and bottom-up (depositing materials on the surface, for example through the deposition of coatings) strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Piatti
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marta Miola
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrica Verné
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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2
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Borde MD, Menon VK, Kanade UP, Rajale SS, Mane AV, Varma H. Drug eluting bioactive glass ceramics for fusion in spondylodiscitis: a pilot study. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:80. [PMID: 38355838 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Retrospective observational study. To determine the efficacy and safety of bioactive glass ceramics mixed with autograft in the treatment of spondylodiscitis. Thirty-four patients with spondylodiscitis underwent surgery using autologous bone graft augmented by antibiotic loaded bioactive glass ceramic granules. Twenty-five patients aging 6 to 77, completed 1-year follow-up. The lumbosacral junction was affected in 3, lumbar spine in 13, one each in the dorso-lumbar junction and sacrum, and 7 dorsal spines. The organism isolated was Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 15, Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in 4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4, Klebsiella pneumoniae in one, Burkholderia pseudomallei in 1, and mixed infections in 2. All patients had appropriate antibiotic therapy based on culture and sensitivity. Clinical and radiological evaluation of all the patients was done at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the surgery. Twenty-three patients improved clinically and showed radiographic fusion between 6 and 9 months. The patient with Burkholderia infection died due to fulminant septicemia with multi organ failure while another patient died at 9 months due to an unrelated cardiac event. The mean Visual Analogue Score (VAS) at the end of 1-year was 2 with radiological evidence of fusion in all patients. There were no re-infections or discharging wounds, and the 30-day re-admission rate was 0. Bioactive glass ceramics is a safe and effective graft expander in cases of spondylodiscitis. The absorption of antibiotics into the ceramic appears to help the elimination of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar D Borde
- Department of Spine Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College Hospital, Pune, India.
| | - Venugopal K Menon
- Department of Spine Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Umesh P Kanade
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Sangram S Rajale
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Akash V Mane
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Harikrishna Varma
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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3
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da Silva RBP, Biguetti CC, Munerato MS, Siqueira RL, Zanotto ED, Kudo GHA, Simionato GB, Bacelar ACZ, Ortiz RC, Ferreira-Junior JS, Rangel-Junior IG, Matsumoto MA. Effects of glass-ceramic produced by the sol-gel route in macrophages recruitment and polarization into bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35340. [PMID: 37929804 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective bone substitute biomaterials remain an important challenge in patients with large bone defects. Glass ceramics produced by different synthesis routes may result in changes in the material physicochemical properties and consequently affect the success or failure of the bone healing response. To investigate the differences in the orchestration of the inflammatory and healing process in bone grafting and repair using different glass-ceramic routes production. Thirty male Wistar rats underwent surgical unilateral parietal defects filled with silicate glass-ceramic produced by distinct routes: BS - particulate glass-ceramic produced via the fusion/solidification route, and BG - particulate glass-ceramic produced via the sol-gel route. After 7, 14, and 21 days from biomaterial grafting, parietal bones were removed to be analyzed under H&E and Massons' Trichome staining, and immunohistochemistry for CD206, iNOS, and TGF-β. Our findings demonstrated that the density of lymphocytes and plasma cells was significantly higher in the BS group at 45, and 7 days compared to the BG group, respectively. Furthermore, a significant increase of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) in the BG group at day 7, compared to BS was found, demonstrating early efficient recruitment of FBGCs against sol-gel-derived glass-ceramic particulate (BS group). According to macrophage profiles, CD206+ macrophages enhanced at the final periods of both groups, being significantly higher at 45 days of BS compared to the BG group. On the other hand, the density of transformation growth factor beta (TGF-β) positive cells on 21 days were the highest in BG, and the lowest in the BS group, demonstrating a differential synergy among groups. Noteworthy, TGF-β+ cells were significantly higher at 21 days of BG compared to the BS group. Glass-ceramic biomaterials can act differently in the biological process of bone remodeling due to their route production, being the sol-gel route more efficient to activate M2 macrophages and specific FBGCs compared to the traditional route. Altogether, these features lead to a better understanding of the effectiveness of inflammatory response for biomaterial degradation and provide new insights for further preclinical and clinical studies involved in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Podiatric Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley - UTRGV, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | | | - Renato Luis Siqueira
- Department of Material Engineering, São Carlos Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Dutra Zanotto
- Department of Material Engineering, São Carlos Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Baroni Simionato
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Zucon Bacelar
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carneiro Ortiz
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Idelmo Garcia Rangel-Junior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Martelli A, Bellucci D, Cannillo V. Additive Manufacturing of Polymer/Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112473. [PMID: 37299270 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a branch of regenerative medicine with enormous potential to regenerate damaged tissues using synthetic grafts such as scaffolds. Polymers and bioactive glasses (BGs) are popular materials for scaffold production because of their tunable properties and ability to interact with the body for effective tissue regeneration. Due to their composition and amorphous structure, BGs possess a significant affinity with the recipient's tissue. Additive manufacturing (AM), a method that allows the creation of complex shapes and internal structures, is a promising approach for scaffold production. However, despite the promising results obtained so far, several challenges remain in the field of TE. One critical area for improvement is tailoring the mechanical properties of scaffolds to meet specific tissue requirements. In addition, achieving improved cell viability and controlled degradation of scaffolds is necessary to ensure successful tissue regeneration. This review provides a critical summary of the potential and limitations of polymer/BG scaffold production via AM covering extrusion-, lithography-, and laser-based 3D-printing techniques. The review highlights the importance of addressing the current challenges in TE to develop effective and reliable strategies for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via. P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Devis Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via. P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Cannillo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via. P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
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5
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A Review on Manufacturing Processes of Biocomposites Based on Poly(α-Esters) and Bioactive Glass Fillers for Bone Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010081. [PMID: 36810412 PMCID: PMC9945144 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of bioactive and biocompatible fillers improve the bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. During these last 20 years, those biocomposites have been explored for making complex geometry devices likes screws or 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects. This review provides an overview of the current development of manufacturing process with synthetic biodegradable poly(α-ester)s reinforced with bioactive fillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Firstly, the properties of poly(α-ester), bioactive fillers, as well as their composites will be defined. Then, the different works based on these biocomposites will be classified according to their manufacturing process. New processing techniques, particularly additive manufacturing processes, open up a new range of possibilities. These techniques have shown the possibility to customize bone implants for each patient and even create scaffolds with a complex structure similar to bone. At the end of this manuscript, a contextualization exercise will be performed to identify the main issues of process/resorbable biocomposites combination identified in the literature and especially for resorbable load-bearing applications.
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Barreto MEV, Medeiros RP, Shearer A, Fook MVL, Montazerian M, Mauro JC. Gelatin and Bioactive Glass Composites for Tissue Engineering: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:23. [PMID: 36662070 PMCID: PMC9861949 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-/micron-sized bioactive glass (BG) particles are attractive candidates for both soft and hard tissue engineering. They can chemically bond to the host tissues, enhance new tissue formation, activate cell proliferation, stimulate the genetic expression of proteins, and trigger unique anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer functionalities. Recently, composites based on biopolymers and BG particles have been developed with various state-of-the-art techniques for tissue engineering. Gelatin, a semi-synthetic biopolymer, has attracted the attention of researchers because it is derived from the most abundant protein in the body, viz., collagen. It is a polymer that can be dissolved in water and processed to acquire different configurations, such as hydrogels, fibers, films, and scaffolds. Searching "bioactive glass gelatin" in the tile on Scopus renders 80 highly relevant articles published in the last ~10 years, which signifies the importance of such composites. First, this review addresses the basic concepts of soft and hard tissue engineering, including the healing mechanisms and limitations ahead. Then, current knowledge on gelatin/BG composites including composition, processing and properties is summarized and discussed both for soft and hard tissue applications. This review explores physical, chemical and mechanical features and ion-release effects of such composites concerning osteogenic and angiogenic responses in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, recent developments of BG/gelatin composites using 3D/4D printing for tissue engineering are presented. Finally, the perspectives and current challenges in developing desirable composites for the regeneration of different tissues are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. V. Barreto
- Northeastern Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Rebeca P. Medeiros
- Northeastern Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Adam Shearer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Marcus V. L. Fook
- Northeastern Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Maziar Montazerian
- Northeastern Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - John C. Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
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Thangavel M, Elsen Selvam R. Review of Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Characteristics of 3D-Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5060-5093. [PMID: 36415173 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques that are utilized for fabricating bioceramic scaffolds and their characterizations leading to bone tissue regeneration. Bioscaffolds are made by mimicking the human bone structure, material composition, and properties. Calcium phosphate apatite materials are the most commonly used scaffold materials as they closely resemble live bone in their inorganic composition. The functionally graded scaffolds are fabricated by utilizing the right choice of the 3D printing method and material combinations to achieve the requirement of the bioscaffold. To tailor the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the scaffold, certain materials are reinforced, doped, or coated to incorporate the functionality. The biomechanical loading conditions that involve flexion, torsion, and tension exerted on the implanted scaffold are discussed. The finite element analysis (FEA) technique is used to investigate the mechanical property of the scaffold before fabrication. This helps in reducing the actual number of samples used for testing. The FEA simulated results and the experimental result are compared. This review also highlights some of the challenges associated while processing the scaffold such as shrinkage, mechanical instability, cytotoxicity, and printability. In the end, the new materials that are evolved for tissue engineering applications are compiled and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Thangavel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Renold Elsen Selvam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Simorgh S, Alasvand N, Khodadadi M, Ghobadi F, Malekzadeh Kebria M, Brouki Milan P, Kargozar S, Baino F, Mobasheri A, Mozafari M. Additive Manufacturing of Bioactive Glass Biomaterials. Methods 2022; 208:75-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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D’Andrea L, Gastaldi D, Verné E, Baino F, Massera J, Örlygsson G, Vena P. Mechanical Properties of Robocast Glass Scaffolds Assessed through Micro-CT-Based Finite Element Models. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6344. [PMID: 36143650 PMCID: PMC9505636 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of two classes of robocast glass scaffolds are obtained through Computed micro-Tomography (micro-CT) based Finite Element Modeling (FEM) with the specific purpose to explicitly account for the geometrical defects introduced during manufacturing. Both classes demonstrate a fiber distribution along two perpendicular directions on parallel layers with a 90∘ tilting between two adjacent layers. The crack pattern identified upon compression loading is consistent with that found in experimental studies available in literature. The finite element models have demonstrated that the effect of imperfections on elastic and strength properties may be substantial, depending on the specific type of defect identified in the scaffolds. In particular, micro-porosity, fiber length interruption and fiber detaching were found as key factors. The micro-pores act as stress concentrators promoting fracture initiation and propagation, while fiber detachment reduces the scaffold properties substantially along the direction perpendicular to the fiber plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D’Andrea
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS)—Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Gastaldi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS)—Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrica Verné
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology—Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology—Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jonathan Massera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Pasquale Vena
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS)—Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Li L, Huang Y, Qin J, Honiball JR, Wen D, Xie X, Shi Z, Cui X, Li B. Development of a borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold incorporating calcitonin gene-related peptide for tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212949. [PMID: 35913241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein delivery and release from synthetic scaffold materials are major challenges within the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, 13-93B1.5 borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) base paste was 3D printed to produce BSG-based scaffolds with high porosity (59.85 ± 6.04%) and large pore sizes (350-400 μm) for functionalization with a sodium alginate (SA)/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) hydrogel mixture. SA/CGRP hydrogel was uniformly filled into the interconnected pores of 3D printed BSG constructs to produce BSG-SA/CGRP scaffolds which were subject to bioactivity and biocompatibility analysis. BSG scaffolds filled with SA hydrogel underwent dissolution in simulated body fluid (SBF), resulting in the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the borosilicate glass evidenced by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Around 90% of CGRP was released from scaffolds after 7 days of immersion in SBF, reaching a final released concentration of 893.00 ± 63.30 ng/mL. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) cultured with BSG-SA/CGRP scaffolds revealed improved biocompatibility and osteogenic capabilities compared with BSG-SA scaffolds in the absence of CGRP. When subcutaneously implanted in rat models, BSG-SA/CGRP scaffolds induced low localized inflammation without causing bodily harm in vivo. Findings revealed that bioactive glass scaffolds incorporating CGRP met the scaffold requirements for bone regeneration and that the addition of CGRP promoted osteogenic differentiation where it may potentially be utilized for future regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yonghua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - Jianguo Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - John Robert Honiball
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Dingfu Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China
| | - Zhanying Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Liuzhou Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545026, PR China.
| | - Xu Cui
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, PR China.
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Tulyaganov DU, Fiume E, Akbarov A, Ziyadullaeva N, Murtazaev S, Rahdar A, Massera J, Verné E, Baino F. In Vivo Evaluation of 3D-Printed Silica-Based Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020074. [PMID: 35735929 PMCID: PMC9224601 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are often designed as porous implantable templates in which newly-formed bone can grow in three dimensions (3D). This research work aims to investigate the bone regenerative capability of silicate bioactive glass scaffolds produced by robocasting in comparison with powder and granule-like materials (oxide system: 47.5SiO2-10Na2O-10K2O-10MgO-20CaO-2.5P2O5, mol.%). Morphological and compositional analyses performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after the bioactivity studies in a simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the apatite-forming ability of the scaffolds, which is key to allowing bone-bonding in vivo. The scaffolds exhibited a clear osteogenic effect upon implantation in rabbit femur and underwent gradual resorption followed by ossification. Full resorption in favor of new bone growth was achieved within 6 months. Osseous defect healing was accompanied by the formation of mature bone with abundant osteocytes and bone marrow cells. These in vivo results support the scaffold’s suitability for application in bone tissue engineering and show promise for potential translation to clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshat U. Tulyaganov
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan;
| | - Elisa Fiume
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Avzal Akbarov
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan; (A.A.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Nigora Ziyadullaeva
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan; (A.A.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Saidazim Murtazaev
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan; (A.A.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran;
| | - Jonathan Massera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Enrica Verné
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Francesco Baino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kargozar S, Milan PB, Amoupour M, Kermani F, Gorgani S, Nazarnezhad S, Hooshmand S, Baino F. Osteogenic Potential of Magnesium (Mg)-Doped Multicomponent Bioactive Glass: In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Studies. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010318. [PMID: 35009464 PMCID: PMC8745928 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of bioactive glasses (BGs) has been quite fruitful in hard tissue engineering due to the capability of these materials to bond to living bone. In this work, a melt-derived magnesium (Mg)-doped BG (composition: 45SiO2–3P2O5–26CaO–15Na2O–7MgO–4K2O (mol.%)) was synthesized for being used in bone reconstruction. The prepared BGs were then manufactured as three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds by using the sponge replica approach. The microstructure of the samples was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the surface morphology was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro bioactivity and the release of osteo-stimulatory Mg2+ ions from the prepared samples were investigated over 7 days of incubation in simulated body fluids (SBF). In vitro cellular analyses revealed the compatibility of the Mg-doped BGs with human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63 cell line). Moreover, the Mg-doped BGs could induce bone nodule formation in vitro and improve the migratory ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo osteogenic capacity was further evaluated by implanting the BG-derived scaffolds into surgically-created critical-size bone defects in rats. Histological and immunohistological observations revealed an appropriate bone regeneration in the animals receiving the glass-based scaffolds after 12 weeks of surgery. In conclusion, our study indicates the effectiveness of the Mg-doped BGs in stimulating osteogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran; (S.G.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (P.B.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961-4535, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961-4535, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (P.B.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Moein Amoupour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961-4535, Iran;
| | - Farzad Kermani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Azadi Sq., Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran;
| | - Sara Gorgani
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran; (S.G.); (S.N.)
| | - Simin Nazarnezhad
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran; (S.G.); (S.N.)
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Francesco Baino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (P.B.M.); (F.B.)
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Biological Evaluation of a New Sodium-Potassium Silico-Phosphate Glass for Bone Regeneration: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164546. [PMID: 34443069 PMCID: PMC8400910 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies are fundamental steps in the characterization of new implantable materials to preliminarily assess their biological response. The present study reports the in vitro and in vivo characterizations of a novel experimental silicate bioactive glass (BG) (47.5B, 47.5SiO2-10Na2O-10K2O-10MgO-20CaO-2.5P2O5 mol.%). Cytocompatibility tests were performed using human mature osteoblasts (U2OS), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human endothelial cells (EA.hy926). The release of the early osteogenic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) marker suggested strong pro-osteogenic properties, as the amount was comparable between hMSCs cultivated onto BG surface and cells cultivated onto polystyrene control. Similarly, real-time PCR revealed that the osteogenic collagen I gene was overexpressed in cells cultivated onto BG surface without biochemical induction. Acute toxicity tests for the determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) allowed classifying the analyzed material as a slightly toxic substance with LD50 = 4522 ± 248 mg/kg. A statistically significant difference in bone formation was observed in vivo through comparing the control (untreated) group and the experimental one, proving a clear osteogenic effect induced by the implantation at the defect site. Complete resorption of 47.5B powder was observed after only 3 months in favor of newly formed tissue, thus confirming the high osteostimulatory potential of 47.5B glass.
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Fiume E, Schiavi A, Orlygsson G, Bignardi C, Verné E, Baino F. Comprehensive assessment of bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffold permeability: experimental measurements by pressure wave drop, modelling and computed tomography-based analysis. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:405-418. [PMID: 33091624 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper microstructural and transport properties are fundamental requirements for a suitable scaffold design and realization in tissue engineering applications. Scaffold microstructure (i.e. pore size, shape and distribution) and transport properties (i.e. intrinsic permeability), are commonly recognized as the key parameters related to the biological performance, such as cell attachment, penetration depth and tissue vascularization. While pore characteristics are relatively easy to asses, accurate and reliable evaluation of permeability still remains a challenge. In the present study, the microstructural properties of foam-replicated bioactive glass-derived scaffolds (basic composition 47.5SiO2-2.5P2O5-20CaO-10MgO-10Na2O-10K2O mol.%) were determined as function of the sintering temperature within the range 600-850°C, identified on the basis of thermal analyses that were previously performed on the material. Scaffolds with total porosity between 55 and 84 vol.% and trabecular-like architecture were obtained, with pore morphological features varying according to the sintering temperature. Mathematical modelling, supported by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) imaging, was implemented to selectively investigate the effect of different pore features on intrinsic permeability, which was determined by laminar airflow alternating pressure wave drop measurements and found to be within 0.051-2.811·10-10 m2. The calculated effective porosity of the scaffolds was in the range of 46 to 66 vol.%, while the average pore diameter assessed by μ-CT varied between 220 and 780 μm, where the values in the lower range were observed for higher sintering temperatures (750-850°C). Experimental results were critically discussed by means of a robust statistical analysis. Finally, the complete microstructural characterization of the scaffolds was achieved by applying the general constitutive equation based on Forchheimer's theory.
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15
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Sintering Behavior of a Six-Oxide Silicate Bioactive Glass for Scaffold Manufacturing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic brittleness of bioactive glasses (BGs) is one of the main barriers to the widespread use of three-dimensional porous BG-derived bone grafts (scaffolds) in clinical practice. Among all the available strategies for improving the mechanical properties of BG-based scaffolds, strut densification upon sintering treatments at high temperatures represents a relatively easy approach, but its implementation might lead to undesired and poorly predictable decrease in porosity, mass transport properties and bioactivity resulting from densification and devitrification phenomena occurring in the material upon heating. The aim of the present work was to investigate the sinter-crystallization of a highly bioactive SiO2-P2O5-CaO–MgO–Na2O–K2O glass (47.5B composition) in reference to its suitability for the fabrication of bonelike foams. The thermal behavior of 47.5B glass particles was investigated upon sintering at different temperatures in the range of 600–850 °C by means of combined thermal analyses (differential thermal analysis (DTA) and hot-stage microscopy (HSM)). Then, XRD measurements were carried out to identify crystalline phases developed upon sintering. Finally, porous scaffolds were produced by a foam replica method in order to evaluate the effect of the sintering temperature on the mechanical properties under compression loading conditions. Assessing a relationship between mechanical properties and sintering temperature, or in other words between scaffold performance and fabrication process, is a key step towards the rationale design of optimized scaffolds for tissue repair.
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16
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Dolomite-Foamed Bioactive Silicate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Repair. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030628. [PMID: 32023840 PMCID: PMC7040841 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is recognized worldwide as a valuable biomedical approach for promoting tissue regeneration in critical-size bone defects. Over the last 50 years, bioactive glasses have been intensively investigated in a wide range of different clinical applications, from orthopedics to soft tissue healing. Bioactive glasses exhibit the unique capability to chemically bond to the host tissue and, furthermore, their processing versatility makes them very appealing due to the availability of different manufacturing techniques for the production of porous and interconnected synthetic bone grafts able to support new tissue growth over the whole duration of the treatment. As a novel contribution to the broad field of scaffold manufacturing, we report here an effective and relatively easy method to produce silicate glass-derived scaffolds by using, for the first time in the biomedical field, dolomite powder as a foaming agent for the formation of 3D bone-like porous structures. Morphological/structural features, crystallization behavior, and in vitro bioactivity in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated. All the tested scaffolds were found to fulfil the minimum requirements that a scaffold for osseous repair should exhibit, including porosity (65-83 vol.%) and compressive strength (1.3-3.9 MPa) comparable to those of cancellous bone, as well as hydroxyapatite-forming ability (bioactivity). This study proves the suitability of a dolomite-foaming method for the production of potentially suitable bone grafts based on bioactive glass systems.
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17
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Fiume E, Migneco C, Verné E, Baino F. Comparison Between Bioactive Sol-Gel and Melt-Derived Glasses/Glass-Ceramics Based on the Multicomponent SiO 2-P 2O 5-CaO-MgO-Na 2O-K 2O System. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030540. [PMID: 31979302 PMCID: PMC7040641 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sol-gel glasses are attractive biomaterials from both technological and functional viewpoints as they require lower processing temperatures compared to their melt-derived counterparts and exhibit a high specific surface area due to inherent nanoporosity. However, most of these materials are based on relatively simple binary or ternary oxide systems since the synthesis of multicomponent glasses via sol-gel still is a challenge. This work reports for the first time the production and characterization of sol-gel materials based on a six-oxide basic system (SiO2–P2O5–CaO–MgO–Na2O–K2O). It was shown that calcination played a role in inducing the formation of crystalline phases, thus generating glass-ceramic materials. The thermal, microstructural and textural properties, as well as the in vitro bioactivity, of these sol-gel materials were assessed and compared to those of the melt-derived counterpart glass with the same nominal composition. In spite of their glass-ceramic nature, these materials retained an excellent apatite-forming ability, which is key in bone repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fiume
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre PoliTo BIOMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (E.V.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-011-090-4717 (E.V.), +39-011-090-4668 (E.F. & F.B.)
| | - Carla Migneco
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Enrica Verné
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre PoliTo BIOMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre J-Tech@PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (E.V.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-011-090-4717 (E.V.), +39-011-090-4668 (E.F. & F.B.)
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre PoliTo BIOMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre J-Tech@PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (E.V.); (F.B.); Tel.: +39-011-090-4717 (E.V.), +39-011-090-4668 (E.F. & F.B.)
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18
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Prabha RD, Ding M, Bollen P, Ditzel N, Varma HK, Nair PD, Kassem M. Strontium ion reinforced bioceramic scaffold for load bearing bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110427. [PMID: 32228983 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects in load bearing areas require bone reconstruction with strong biomaterial having mechanical characteristics like cortical bone. Bioceramics are biomaterials that support bone formation as well as provide adequate mechanical properties. A strontium substitution of the bioceramic is expected to further increase its bioactivity by enhancing osteogenesis and protect the bone from osteoclastic resorption. The study involves development, characterization and in vivo testing of a newly developed strontium substituted hydroxyapatite based bioceramic scaffold (SrHAB) with sufficient biomechanical properties. Optimal concentration of strontium ion required for enhanced osteogenic differentiation was identified by comparing three compositions of SrHAB scaffold; namely Sr10HAB, Sr30HAB and Sr50 HAB for their Alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro. The selected Sr10HAB scaffold demonstrated in vivo bone formation with osteogenic differentiation of stromal derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human and ovine sources in ectopic and ovine models. Thus, Sr10HAB scaffold has a potential for application in load bearing bone requirements of orthopaedics and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Prabha
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Orthodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
| | - Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - P Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - N Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H K Varma
- Bioceramic Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India
| | - P D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India
| | - M Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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