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Nagy S, Richter D, Dargó G, Orbán B, Gémes G, Höltzl T, Garádi Z, Fehér Z, Kupai J. Cinchona-Based Hydrogen-Bond Donor Organocatalyst Metal Complexes: Asymmetric Catalysis and Structure Determination. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300180. [PMID: 38189585 PMCID: PMC11004460 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the synthesis of cinchona (thio)squaramide and a novel cinchona thiourea organocatalyst. These catalysts were employed in pharmaceutically relevant catalytic asymmetric reactions, such as Michael, Friedel-Crafts, and A3 coupling reactions, in combination with Ag(I), Cu(II), and Ni(II) salts. We identified several organocatalyst-metal salt combinations that led to a significant increase in both yield and enantioselectivity. To gain insight into the active catalyst species, we prepared organocatalyst-metal complexes and characterized them using HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP), which allowed us to establish a structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
- Euroapi Hungary Kft.Tó utca 1–51045BudapestHungary
| | - Dóra Richter
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - Gyula Dargó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Orbán
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk utca 28/A1157BudapestHungary
| | - Gergő Gémes
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk utca 28/A1157BudapestHungary
| | - Zsófia Garádi
- Department of PharmacognosySemmelweis UniversityÜllői út. 261085BudapesHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 31111BudapestHungary
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2
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Hennessy MC, Gandhi H, O'Sullivan TP. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Peroxidation of γ,δ-Unsaturated β-Keto Esters-A Novel Route to Chiral Cycloperoxides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114317. [PMID: 37298799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A methodology for the asymmetric peroxidation of γ,δ-unsaturated β-keto esters is presented. Using a cinchona-derived organocatalyst, the target δ-peroxy-β-keto esters were obtained in high enantiomeric ratios of up to 95:5. Additionally, these δ-peroxy esters can be readily reduced to chiral δ-hydroxy-β-keto esters without impacting the β-keto ester functionality. Importantly, this chemistry opens up a concise route to chiral 1,2-dioxolanes, a common motif in many bioactive natural products, via a novel P2O5-mediated cyclisation of the corresponding δ-peroxy-β-hydroxy esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Hennessy
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Hirenkumar Gandhi
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy P O'Sullivan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
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Pósa SP, Dargó G, Nagy S, Kisszékelyi P, Garádi Z, Hámori L, Szakács G, Kupai J, Tóth S. Cytotoxicity of cinchona alkaloid organocatalysts against MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5 multidrug-resistant uterine sarcoma cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116855. [PMID: 35640378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first application of natural quinine as an anti-malarial drug, cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives have been exhaustively studied for their biological activity. In our work, we tested 13 cinchona alkaloid organocatalysts, synthesised from quinine. These derivatives were screened against MES-SA and Dx5 uterine sarcoma cell lines for in vitro anticancer activity and to investigate their potential to overcome P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Decorating quinine with hydrogen-bond donor units, such as thiourea and (thio)squaramide, resulted in decreased half-maximal growth inhibition values on both cell lines (1.3-21 µM) compared to quinine and other cinchona alcohols (47-111 µM). Further cytotoxicity studies conducted in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor tariquidar indicated that several analogues, especially cinchona amines and squaramides, but not thiosquaramide, were expelled from MDR cells by P-gp. Similarly to the established P-gp inhibitor quinine, 6 cinchona analogues were shown to inhibit calcein-AM efflux. Interestingly, quinine and didehydroquinine exhibited a marginally increased toxicity against the multidrug resistant Dx5 cells. Collateral sensitivity of the MDR cell line was more pronounced when the cinchona thiosquaramide was complexed with Cu(II) acetate. Based on the results, cinchona derivatives are good anticancer candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szonja Polett Pósa
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Dargó
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kisszékelyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Garádi
- Department of Pharmacognosy Semmelweis University, Üllői út. 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Hámori
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Fehér Z, Richter D, Nagy S, Bagi P, Rapi Z, Simon A, Drahos L, Huszthy P, Bakó P, Kupai J. Synthesis of Novel Crown Ether-Squaramides and Their Application as Phase-Transfer Catalysts. Molecules 2021; 26:6542. [PMID: 34770950 PMCID: PMC8588334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of six new phase-transfer organocatalysts in which the squaramide unit is directly linked to the nitrogen atom of an aza-crown ether. Four chiral skeletons, namely hydroquinine, quinine, cinchonine (cinchonas), and α-d-glucopyranoside were responsible for the asymmetric construction of an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center in α-alkylation and Michael addition reactions of malonic esters. We investigated the effects of these different chiral units and that of crown ethers with different sizes on catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. During extensive parameter investigations, both conventional and emerging green solvents were screened, providing valuable α,α-disubstituted malonic ester derivatives with excellent yields (up to 98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Dóra Richter
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Sándor Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Péter Bagi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Zsolt Rapi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - András Simon
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Huszthy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Péter Bakó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
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Harris N, Benedict J, Dickie DA, Pagola S. Mechanochemical synthesis insights and solid-state characterization of quininium aspirinate, a glass-forming drug-drug salt. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:566-576. [PMID: 34482301 PMCID: PMC8418670 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621008275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinine (an antimalarial) and aspirin (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) were combined into a new drug-drug salt, quininium aspirinate, C20H25N2O2+·C9H7O4-, by liquid-assisted grinding using stoichiometric amounts of the reactants in a 1:1 molar ratio, and water, EtOH, toluene, or heptane as additives. A tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the mechanochemical product prepared using EtOH as additive led to a single crystal of the same material obtained by mechanochemistry, which was used for crystal structure determination at 100 K. Powder X-ray diffraction ruled out crystallographic phase transitions in the 100-295 K interval. Neat mechanical treatment (in a mortar and pestle, or in a ball mill at 20 or 30 Hz milling frequencies) gave rise to an amorphous phase, as shown by powder X-ray diffraction; however, FT-IR spectroscopy unambiguously indicates that a mechanochemical reaction has occurred. Neat milling the reactants at 10 and 15 Hz led to incomplete reactions. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the amorphous and crystalline mechanochemical products form glasses/supercooled liquids before melting, and do not recrystallize upon cooling. However, the amorphous material obtained by neat grinding crystallizes upon storage into the salt reported. The mechanochemical synthesis, crystal structure analysis, Hirshfeld surfaces, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy, and aqueous solubility of quininium aspirinate are herein reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Jubilee Benedict
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Silvina Pagola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Nagy S, Fehér Z, Kárpáti L, Bagi P, Kisszékelyi P, Koczka B, Huszthy P, Pukánszky B, Kupai J. Synthesis and Applications of Cinchona Squaramide-Modified Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) Microspheres as Recyclable Polymer-Grafted Enantioselective Organocatalysts. Chemistry 2020; 26:13513-13522. [PMID: 32697895 PMCID: PMC7702047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the immobilization of cinchona squaramide organocatalysts on poly(glycidyl methacrylate) solid supports. Preparation of the well-defined monodisperse polymer microspheres was facilitated by comprehensive parameter optimization. By exploiting the reactive epoxy groups of the polymer support, three amino-functionalized cinchona derivatives were immobilized on this carrier. To explore the effect of the amino linker, these structurally varied precatalysts were synthesized by modifying the cinchona skeleton at different positions. The catalytic activities of the immobilized organocatalysts were tested in the Michael addition of pentane-2,4-dione and trans-β-nitrostyrene with excellent yields (up to 98 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee). Finally, the catalysts were easily recovered five times by centrifugation without loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry & TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry & TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Levente Kárpáti
- Laboratory of Plastics & Rubber TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 3.Budapest1111Hungary
- Downstream HungaryPolyolefin R&D, MOL Plc.Olajmunkás utca 22443SzázhalombattaHungary
| | - Péter Bagi
- Department of Organic Chemistry & TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Péter Kisszékelyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry & TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Béla Koczka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Péter Huszthy
- Department of Organic Chemistry & TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Béla Pukánszky
- Laboratory of Plastics & Rubber TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsMűegyetem rkp. 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry & TechnologyBudapest University of Technology & EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
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