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Rini ADK, Juwita FT, Bagjana RW, Octivany S, Purnama RB, Rijal MS, Anwar AM, Purwasasmita BS, Asri LATW. Improving the Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement With Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Rice Husk. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35472. [PMID: 39215536 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) sourced from rice husk on the mechanical properties of a commercial glass ionomer cement (GIC). NCC was isolated through acid hydrolysis, and its crystallinity, chemical structure, and morphology were characterized through x-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Various concentrations of NCC (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were added to reinforce the GIC matrix. Mechanical tests including compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and shear bond strength were conducted on the modified GIC samples. The addition of NCC resulted in increased hardness and shear bond strength values, with 1% NCC showing the highest values compared to other concentrations. However, there was no significant improvement observed in the compressive and flexural strength of the modified GIC. Failure mode test revealed a reduction in adhesive failure with the addition of NCC. Incorporating small amounts of NCC (0.5%-1%) suggests a promising and affordable modification of GIC restorative material using biomass residue, resulting in improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Dwi Kartika Rini
- Dental Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Fifin Tresna Juwita
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Riza Widyanti Bagjana
- Dental Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Sherly Octivany
- Dental Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Ryana Budi Purnama
- Dental Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Moch Saifur Rijal
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Miftahul Anwar
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Sunendar Purwasasmita
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- Engineering Physics Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Lia A T W Asri
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
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Okuda H, Inada M, Konishi T, Kawashima N, Wada T, Okiji T, Uo M. Improvement of the setting properties of mineral trioxide aggregate cements using cellulose nanofibrils. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:106-111. [PMID: 38171742 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are used to reinforce various composites. The effects of incorporating CNFs into commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements (NEX MTA (NEX) and ProRoot® MTA (PR)) on the underwater setting properties, compressive strength, and flowability were estimated in this study. NEX mixed without CNFs disintegrated after water immersion. NEX mixed with CNF-suspended solutions showed good setting properties under water immersion and a similar compressive strength, which was kept in air (100% relative humidity). PR did not degrade after water immersion, regardless of the presence of CNFs, and no significant difference in the compressive strength caused by CNFs incorporation was detected. The relative flowability of the NEX mixture decreased with increasing CNFs content up to 1.0 w/v%. The application of CNF-incorporated MTA in various dental cases is promising because CNFs prevent the water-immersion-dependent collapse of some MTA cements immediately after mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okuda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Miki Inada
- Center of Advanced Instrumental Analysis, Kyushu University
| | - Tomoya Konishi
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Anan College
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takahiro Wada
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Khan MA, Muhammad N, Liaqat S, Ejaz M, Fayyaz S, Ali H, Ali Khan T. Mechanical and antibacterial properties of conventional pit and fissure sealants with addition of miswak fibers. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2271972. [PMID: 38204475 PMCID: PMC10763874 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2271972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The occlusal surface of a tooth is affected by the development of biofilm in pits and fissures as bacteria and food particles accumulate in its complex structure. In this study, miswak fibers containing cellulose and antimicrobial extract were incorporated in commercial pit and fissure sealants. The miswak powder was characterized by different analytical techniques. The powder was mixed in different ratios (0-5%) into a pit and fissure sealant to result in five sealants (Groups 0-5), and their mechanical properties i.e. flexural strength, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness were evaluated. The sealants were also evaluated against streptococcus mutans oral pathogenic bacteria. SEM analysis confirmed irregular shape and micron-size particles of miswak powder. The infrared spectral analysis and X-ray differential peaks showed characteristic peaks related to miswak fibers. The particle appearance increased in prepared pits and fissure sealants with higher loading of miswak powder in SEM analysis. The flexural strength, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness values were obtained in the range of 148-221 (±16.6: p-value < 0.001) MPa, 43.1-50.3 MPa (±1.7: p-value <0.001), and 15.2-21.26 VHN (±0.56: p-value <0.001) for control and prepared sealant specimens respectively. In the antibacterial study, the zone of inhibitions increased with increased content of miswak from 15.6 ± 0.45 mm (Group 1) to 20.3 ± 0.32 mm (Group 5). The MIC was calculated to be 0.039%. The prepared experimental sealant had acceptable mechanical and good antibacterial properties therefore it could be recommended as an efficient pit and fissure sealant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adnan Khan
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saad Liaqat
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Munazzah Ejaz
- Department of Dental Materials, Sardar Begum Dental College Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Fayyaz
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hoor Ali
- Department of Orthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Taj Ali Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Extraction and Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Carpet Wastes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020326. [PMID: 35054732 PMCID: PMC8780019 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are the most advanced bio-nanomaterial utilized in various applications due to their unique physical and structural properties, renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. It has been isolated from diverse sources including plants as well as textile wastes using different isolation techniques, such as acid hydrolysis, high-intensity ultrasonication, and steam explosion process. Here, we planned to extract and isolate CNFs from carpet wastes using a supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc.CO2) treatment approach. The mechanism of defibrillation and defragmentation caused by Sc.CO2 treatment was also explained. The morphological analysis of bleached fibers showed that Sc.CO2 treatment induced several longitudinal fractions along with each fiber due to the supercritical condition of temperature and pressure. Such conditions removed th fiber’s impurities and produced more fragile fibers compared to untreated samples. The particle size analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) confirm the effect of Sc.CO2 treatment. The average fiber length and diameter of Sc.CO2 treated CNFs were 53.72 and 7.14 nm, respectively. In comparison, untreated samples had longer fiber length and diameter (302.87 and 97.93 nm). The Sc.CO2-treated CNFs also had significantly higher thermal stability by more than 27% and zeta potential value of −38.9± 5.1 mV, compared to untreated CNFs (−33.1 ± 3.0 mV). The vibrational band frequency and chemical composition analysis data confirm the presence of cellulose function groups without any contamination with lignin and hemicellulose. The Sc.CO2 treatment method is a green approach for enhancing the isolation yield of CNFs from carpet wastes and produce better quality nanocellulose for advanced applications.
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Amin F, Rahman S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Sefat F, Kumar N. Effect of Nanostructures on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Dental Restoratives/Cements: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6260. [PMID: 34771787 PMCID: PMC8584882 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overall perspective of nanotechnology and reinforcement of dental biomaterials by nanoparticles has been reported in the literature. However, the literature regarding the reinforcement of dental biomaterials after incorporating various nanostructures is sparse. The present review addresses current developments of glass ionomer cements (GICs) after incorporating various metallic, polymeric, inorganic and carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, types, applications, and implications of various nanostructures incorporated in GICs are discussed. Most of the attempts by researchers are based on the laboratory-based studies; hence, it warrants long-term clinical trials to aid the development of suitable materials for the load bearing posterior dentition. Nevertheless, a few meaningful conclusions are drawn from this substantial piece of work; they are as follows: (1) most of the nanostructures are likely to enhance the mechanical strength of GICs; (2) certain nanostructures improve the antibacterial activity of GICs against the cariogenic bacteria; (3) clinical translation of these promising outcomes are completely missing, and (4) the nanostructured modified GICs could perform better than their conventional counterparts in the load bearing posterior dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Sehrish Rahman
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
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Experimental Study of Cement Alkali-Resistant Glass Fiber (C-ARGF) Grouting Material. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030605. [PMID: 32013088 PMCID: PMC7040719 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixing alkali-resistant glass fiber (ARGF) into grouting slurry can prevent the development of cracks; thus, understanding the properties of ARGF grouting material is important for applications in engineering. Two types of ARGFs (Cem-FIL®60 and Anti-Crak®HD) were selected as mixing materials, and their performance was tested in four areas, namely, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impervious performance, under four different mixing amounts of fiber (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%). Results demonstrate that the addition of ARGF increased the compressive strength and tensile strength of the grouting slurry, and the best performance was at 0.5%. The effect on the flexural strength and impervious performance was related to the mixing amount, and the fiber may have induced a counter-effect for certain amounts of added ARGF. Mixing ARGF could increase the early strength ratio of grout; however, a high early strength ratio did not necessarily result in high strength, as the flexural strength did not change synchronously with the early strength ratio; a similar pattern was found for the impermeability. Cem-FIL®60 had a better effect on the properties of grouting materials than Anti-Crak®HD. These results were successfully applied in the water-plugging and reinforcement engineering of a karst tunnel.
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