1
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Meira RM, Ribeiro S, Irastorza I, Silván U, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. Electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/graphene composites for cardiac tissue engineering applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:73-81. [PMID: 38394819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Electroactive materials are increasingly being used in strategies to regenerate cardiac tissue. These materials, particularly those with electrical conductivity, are used to actively recreate the electromechanical nature of the cardiac tissue. In the present work, we describe a novel combination of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), a highly electroactive polymer, with graphene (G), exhibiting high electrical conductivity. G/P(VDF-TrFE) films have been characterized in terms of topographical, physico-chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, and studied the response of cardiomyocytes adhering to them. The results indicate that the crystallinity and the wettability of the composites remain almost unaffected after G incorporation. In turn, surface roughness, Young modulus, and electric properties are higher in G/P(VDF-TrFE). Finally, the composites are highly biocompatible and able to support cardiomyocyte adhesion and proliferation, particularly surface treated ones, demonstrating the suitability of these materials for cardiac tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Meira
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - S Ribeiro
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - I Irastorza
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - U Silván
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - C Ribeiro
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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2
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Kaplan M, Alp E, Krause B, Pötschke P. Improvement of the Piezoresistive Behavior of Poly (vinylidene fluoride)/Carbon Nanotube Composites by the Addition of Inorganic Semiconductor Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:774. [PMID: 38399025 PMCID: PMC10890062 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs), obtained by incorporating conductive fillers into a polymer matrix, are suitable for producing strain sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in infrastructure. Here, the effect of the addition of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles (INPs) to a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the piezoresistive behavior is investigated. INPs with different morphologies and sizes are synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The added inorganic oxide semiconductors showed two distinct morphologies, including different phases. While particles with flower-like plate morphology contain phases of orth-ZnSnO3 and SnO, the cauliflower-like nanoparticles contain these metal oxides and ZnO. The nanoparticles are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the nanocomposites by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cyclic tensile testing is applied to determine the strain-sensing behavior of PVDF/1 wt% MWCNT nanocomposites with 0-10 wt% inorganic nanoparticles. Compared to the PVDF/1 wt% MWCNT nanocomposite, the piezoresistive sensitivity is higher after the addition of both types of nanoparticles and increases with their amount. Thereby, nanoparticles with flower-like plate structures improve strain sensing behavior slightly more than nanoparticles with cauliflower-like structures. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the morphology of the semiconductor nanoparticles added to the PVDF/MWCNT matrix influences the changes in thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm Kaplan
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey; (M.K.); (E.A.)
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Emre Alp
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey; (M.K.); (E.A.)
| | - Beate Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
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3
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Costa CM, Cardoso VF, Martins P, Correia DM, Gonçalves R, Costa P, Correia V, Ribeiro C, Fernandes MM, Martins PM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11392-11487. [PMID: 37729110 PMCID: PMC10571047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
From scientific and technological points of view, poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is one of the most exciting polymers due to its overall physicochemical characteristics. This polymer can crystalize into five crystalline phases and can be processed in the form of films, fibers, membranes, and specific microstructures, being the physical properties controllable over a wide range through appropriate chemical modifications. Moreover, PVDF-based materials are characterized by excellent chemical, mechanical, thermal, and radiation resistance, and for their outstanding electroactive properties, including high dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric response, being the best among polymer systems and thus noteworthy for an increasing number of technologies. This review summarizes and critically discusses the latest advances in PVDF and its copolymers, composites, and blends, including their main characteristics and processability, together with their tailorability and implementation in areas including sensors, actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, environmental membranes, microfluidic, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications. The main conclusions, challenges and future trends concerning materials and application areas are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center of
Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
for Polymers and Composites IPC, University
of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor Correia
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida M. Fernandes
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Martins
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications
and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU
Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Franco M, Motealleh A, Costa CM, Perinka N, Ribeiro C, Tubio CR, Carabineiro SA, Costa P, Lanceros-Méndez S. Environmentally Friendlier Printable Conductive and Piezoresistive Sensing Materials Compatible with Conformable Electronics. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:7144-7154. [PMID: 37705715 PMCID: PMC10496113 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and conformable conductive composites have been developed using different polymers, including water-based polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), chemical-resistant polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and elastomeric styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) reinforced with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide with suitable viscosity in composites for printable solutions with functional properties. Manufactured by screen-printing using low-toxicity solvents, leading to more environmentally friendly conductive materials, the materials present an enormous step toward functional devices. The materials were enhanced in terms of filler/binder ratio, achieving screen-printed films with a sheet resistance lower than Rsq < 100 Ω/sq. The materials are biocompatible and support bending deformations up to 10 mm with piezoresistive performance for the different polymers up to 100 bending cycles. The piezoresistive performance of the SEBS binder is greater than double that the other composites, with a gauge factor near 4. Thermoforming was applied to all materials, with the PVP-based ones showing the lowest electrical resistance after the bending process. These conductive materials open a path for developing sustainable and functional devices for printable and conformable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Franco
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustaninability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos M. Costa
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustaninability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nikola Perinka
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LaPMET -
Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carmen R Tubio
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Costa
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
for Polymers and Composites (IPC), University
of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- LaPMET -
Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107207. [PMID: 34716730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next-generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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6
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Facile synthesis of highly flexible sodium ion conducting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend incorporating reduced graphene-oxide (rGO) composites for electrochemical devices application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Sharma S, Shekhar Mishra S, Kumar RP, Yadav RM. Recent progress on polyvinylidene difluoride based nanocomposite: Applications in energy harvesting and sensing. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in 2006, Nanogenerators have attracted much attention as promising energy-harvesting devices. It harnesses energy by utilizing piezoelectric, pyroelectric thermoelectric properties of nanomaterials to produce electricity and have potential to...
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8
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Al-Harthi MA, Hussain M, Afzal H. Pressure and gas sensing composition based on PVDF nano particulates: a review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1906902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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9
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Tringides CM, Vachicouras N, de Lázaro I, Wang H, Trouillet A, Seo BR, Elosegui-Artola A, Fallegger F, Shin Y, Casiraghi C, Kostarelos K, Lacour SP, Mooney DJ. Viscoelastic surface electrode arrays to interface with viscoelastic tissues. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1019-1029. [PMID: 34140673 PMCID: PMC9233755 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Living tissues are non-linearly elastic materials that exhibit viscoelasticity and plasticity. Man-made, implantable bioelectronic arrays mainly rely on rigid or elastic encapsulation materials and stiff films of ductile metals that can be manipulated with microscopic precision to offer reliable electrical properties. In this study, we have engineered a surface microelectrode array that replaces the traditional encapsulation and conductive components with viscoelastic materials. Our array overcomes previous limitations in matching the stiffness and relaxation behaviour of soft biological tissues by using hydrogels as the outer layers. We have introduced a hydrogel-based conductor made from an ionically conductive alginate matrix enhanced with carbon nanomaterials, which provide electrical percolation even at low loading fractions. Our combination of conducting and insulating viscoelastic materials, with top-down manufacturing, allows for the fabrication of electrode arrays compatible with standard electrophysiology platforms. Our arrays intimately conform to the convoluted surface of the heart or brain cortex and offer promising bioengineering applications for recording and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Vachicouras
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alix Trouillet
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian Fallegger
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Cheraghi Bidsorkhi H, D’Aloia AG, Tamburrano A, De Bellis G, Sarto MS. Waterproof Graphene-PVDF Wearable Strain Sensors for Movement Detection in Smart Gloves. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165277. [PMID: 34450718 PMCID: PMC8401640 DOI: 10.3390/s21165277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, new highly sensitive graphene-based flexible strain sensors are produced. In particular, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite films filled with different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are produced and their application as wearable sensors for strain and movement detection is assessed. The produced nanocomposite films are morphologically characterized and their waterproofness, electrical and mechanical properties are measured. Furthermore, their electromechanical features are investigated, under both stationary and dynamic conditions. In particular, the strain sensors show a consistent and reproducible response to the applied deformation and a Gauge factor around 30 is measured for the 1% wt loaded PVDF/GNP nanocomposite film when a deformation of 1.5% is applied. The produced specimens are then integrated in commercial gloves, in order to realize sensorized gloves able to detect even small proximal interphalangeal joint movements of the index finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Cheraghi Bidsorkhi
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.G.D.); (A.T.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.S.)
- Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe D’Aloia
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.G.D.); (A.T.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.S.)
- Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Tamburrano
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.G.D.); (A.T.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.S.)
- Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Bellis
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.G.D.); (A.T.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.S.)
- Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sabrina Sarto
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.G.D.); (A.T.); (G.D.B.); (M.S.S.)
- Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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11
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Deepak A, Cherian P, Jenkins DFL. Exploring the Structural and Dielectric Properties of Polymer Films Incorporating Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x21500198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the electrical, dielectric and physical characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene reinforced Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer nanocomposite films, over a wide frequency range, ranging from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Films are prepared with different weight percentage of MWCNTs or graphene powder within a PVDF host matrix and its intrinsic properties are compared with pure PVDF films. As the weight percentage increases, the material properties such as conductivity (electrical), permittivity (dielectric) and capacitance (dielectric) will change. PVDF is a dielectric and the fillers are conductors, and this gives rise to the phenomenon of percolation, as the weight percentage of conducting fillers increases. This paper explores film’s properties for different weight percentage of MWCNTs and graphene fillers. Tunneling current of graphene–PVDF films are also compared with MWCNT–PVDF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Deepak
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Pheba Cherian
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - D. F. L. Jenkins
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics University of Plymouth, Devon, PLA 8AA, UK
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12
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The Radial Piezoelectric Response from Three-Dimensional Electrospun PVDF Micro Wall Structure. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13061368. [PMID: 32197445 PMCID: PMC7143062 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers to produce piezoelectricity has been demonstrated for a while. Widespread applications of electrospun PVDF as an energy conversion material, however, have not materialized due to the random arrangement of fibers fabricated by traditional electrospinning. In this work, a developed 3D electrospinning technique is utilized to fabricate a PVDF micro wall made up of densely stacked fibers in a fiber-by-fiber manner. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) demonstrate that the crystalline structure of this PVDF wall is predominant in the β phase, revealing the advanced integration capability of structural fabrication and piezoelectric poling with this 3D electrospinning. The piezoelectric response along the radial direction of these PVDF fibers is measured while the toppled micro wall, comprised of 60 fibers, is sandwich assembled with a pair of top/bottom electrodes. The measured electrical output is ca. 0.48 V and 2.7 nA. Moreover, after constant mechanical compression happening over 10,000 times, no obvious reduction in the piezoelectric response has been observed. The combined merits of high-precision 3D fabrication, in situ piezoelectric poling, and high mechanical robust make this novel structure an attractive candidate for applications in piezoelectric energy harvesting and sensing.
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