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Sood Y, Mudila H, Chamoli P, Saini P, Kumar A. Exploring the efficacy and future potential of polypyrrole/metal oxide nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding: a review. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38958665 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
With recent advancements in technology, the emission of electromagnetic radiation has emerged as a significant issue due to electromagnetic interferences. These interferences include various undesirable emissions that can degrade the performance of equipment and structures. If left unresolved, these complications can create extra damage to the security operations and communication systems of numerous electronic devices. Various studies have been conducted to address these issues. In recent years, electrically conductive polypyrrole has gained a unique position because of its many advantageous properties. The absorption of microwaves and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding characteristics of electrically conductive polypyrrole can be described in relation to its great electrical conductivity with strong relaxation and polarization effects due to the existence of strong bonds or localized charges. In the present review, advancements in electromagnetic interference shielding with conjugated polypyrrole and its nanocomposites with metal oxides are discussed and correlated with various properties such as dielectric properties, magnetic properties, electrical conductivity, and microwave adsorption properties. This review also focuses on identifying the most suitable polypyrrole-based metal oxide nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvika Sood
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Harish Mudila
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Parveen Saini
- Conjugated Polymers, Graphene Technology and Waste Management Lab, Advance Materials and Devices Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi-110012, India.
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Fabrication of CuS/Fe 3O 4@polypyrrole flower-like composites for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:481-494. [PMID: 36542977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, electromagnetic radiation is a serious threat to equipment accuracy, military safety and human health. The combination with different materials to fabricate absorber composites with well-designed morphology is expected to ameliorate this issue. In here, CuS/Fe3O4@polypyrrole (CuS/Fe3O4@PPy) flower-like composites are constructed by the combination of hydrothermal method, solvothermal method and in-situ polymerization. CuS with flower-like structure consisting of nanosheets can provide a conductive backbone and large specific surface area. Hollow Fe3O4 microspheres play a key role in deciding magnetic loss, and electromagnetic waves can penetrate their hollow structure, result in multiple reflection and refraction. PPy coating can enhance the combined strength of composite, and effectively consume microwaves by scattering and multiple refraction in the intercalated structure. As expected, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of CuS/Fe3O4@PPy composites is -74.12 dB at 8.16 GHz with a thickness of 2.96 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.6 GHz (13.4-18.0 GHz) at 1.68 mm. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performances are attributed to the synergy effect of different components. This work provides a unique strategy for the structural design of flower-like microspheres in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.
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Polypyrrole/Schiff Base Composite as Electromagnetic Absorbing Material with High and Tunable Absorption Performance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196160. [PMID: 36234693 PMCID: PMC9573551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Schiff base-related conjugated systems have received extensive attention, but little research has been done in the field of electromagnetic materials. In this work, an organic conjugated system based on polypyrrole/hydrazone Schiff base (PPy/HSB) composites was constructed via a Schiff base synthetic route and their electromagnetic behavior was investigated. The electromagnetic response of PPy/HSB complexes demonstrates fine electromagnetic absorption performance. When the filler loading is 30 wt% in a paraffin matrix, an absorption peak of −43.1 dB was achieved and its effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was located in the range of 10.88−18.0 GHz. The electromagnetic response behavior of PPy/HSB complexes is explained by models involving electronic structure, multi-polarization and conductive network. The mechanisms of PPy/HSB complexes formation and HSB crystallization are also discussed through the compatibility of PPy/HSB and the structure of HSB. Moreover, the morphology transformation of HSB in the PPy/HSB systems has been studied. This study opens the exploration of organic–dielectric conjugated systems in the field of electromagnetic materials, and significantly broadens the application range of organic–dielectric–dielectric composites.
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Malere CPR, Donati B, Eras N, Silva VA, Lona LF. Electromagnetic evaluation of radar absorbing materials based on conducting polypyrrole and
organic–inorganic
nanocomposite of polypyrrole/kaolinite. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P. R. Malere
- Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Bruno Donati
- Materials and Processes Laboratory ‐ Research and Development Institute University of Vale do Paraíba São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Nicholas Eras
- Materials and Processes Laboratory ‐ Research and Development Institute University of Vale do Paraíba São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Valdirene A. Silva
- Materials and Processes Laboratory ‐ Research and Development Institute University of Vale do Paraíba São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Liliane F. Lona
- Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas SP Brazil
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Zhang S, Zhao Z, Gao Z, Liu P, Jiao J. A hollow CuS@Mn(OH) 2 particle with double-shell structure for Ultra-wide band electromagnetic absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:60-69. [PMID: 34628320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hollow materials have many advantages when acting as electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber, such as excellent impedance matching properties, rich micro-interfaces and light weight. In this work, a novel hollow particle with double-shell composed with CuS and Mn(OH)2 is synthesized by coordination etching, precipitation and sulfuration using tetrakaidecahedral Cu2O as template. These hollow particles are expected to be used as improved EMW absorption property at an ultra-wide band. In this hollow particle, tetrakaidecaheral CuS acts as inner shell and Mn(OH)2 acted as outer shell, thus having rich heterogeneous interfaces which induce strong interfacial polarization. Moreover, the lower electrical conductivity and loose structure of the Mn(OH)2 shell facilitates the entry of EMW into the absorbers, and the hollow structure in this particle is beneficial to improve the impedance matching according to Maxwell-Garnett (MG) theory. Therefore, hollow CuS@Mn(OH)2 particles with double-shell exhibit excellent EMW absorption performance. The effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss (RL) ≤ -10 dB) is 6.88 GHz (from 11.12 GHz to 18 GHz) at 2.3 mm thickness of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Zehao Zhao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Gao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Panbo Liu
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Jian Jiao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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Investigation on electromagnetic shielding and
antiultraviolet
radiation properties of
ZnO
@
AgNWs
/waterborne polyurethane composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wei Y, Zhou H, Deng H, Ji W, Tian K, Ma Z, Zhang K, Fu Q. "Toolbox" for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 34918192 PMCID: PMC8677876 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The processing methods of functional polymer composites (FPCs) are systematically summarized in “Toolbox”. The relationship of processing method-structure-property is discussed and the selection and combination of tools in processing among different FPCs are analyzed. A promising prospect is provided regarding the design principle for high performance FPCs for further investigation. ABSTRACT Functional polymer composites (FPCs) have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities. These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix. In recent years, a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported, where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported. Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing, and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed. Herein, a “Toolbox” for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs. From this perspective, the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed, so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given. This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuyu Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Yan J, Huang Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Li T, Zhao Y, Liu P. Polypyrrole-Based Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1870490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extrodinary Conditions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extrodinary Conditions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xudong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extrodinary Conditions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - XiaoXiao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extrodinary Conditions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Tiehu Li
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Panbo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extrodinary Conditions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, PR China
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