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Rao J, Gao H, Sun J, Yu R, Zhao D, Ding Y. A Critical Review of Biodegradable Zinc Alloys toward Clinical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39082869 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable zinc (Zn) alloys stand out as promising contenders for biomedical applications due to their favorable mechanical properties and appropriate degradation rates, offering the potential to mitigate the risks and expenses associated with secondary surgeries. While current research predominantly centers on the in vitro examination of Zn alloys, notable disparities often emerge between in vivo and in vitro findings. Consequently, conducting in vivo investigations on Zn alloys holds paramount significance in advancing their clinical application. Different element compositions and processing methods decide the mechanical properties and biological performance of Zn alloys, thus affecting their suitability for specific medical applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent strides in the development of biodegradable Zn alloys, with a focus on key aspects such as mechanical properties, toxicity, animal experiments, biological properties, and molecular mechanisms. By summarizing these advancements, the paper aims to broaden the scope of research directions and enhance the understanding of the clinical applications of biodegradable Zn alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Rao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hairui Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Danlei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Ramezani G, Stiharu I, van de Ven TGM, Nerguizian V. Advancements in Hybrid Cellulose-Based Films: Innovations and Applications in 2D Nano-Delivery Systems. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:93. [PMID: 38667550 PMCID: PMC11051498 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review paper delves into the realm of hybrid cellulose-based materials and their applications in 2D nano-delivery systems. Cellulose, recognized for its biocompatibility, versatility, and renewability, serves as the core matrix for these nanomaterials. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the creation, analysis, and application of these materials, emphasizing their significance in nanotechnology and biomedical domains. It further illuminates the integration of nanomaterials and advanced synthesis techniques that have significantly improved the mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of hybrid cellulose-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| | - Vahe Nerguizian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
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Vinogradov A, Merson E, Myagkikh P, Linderov M, Brilevsky A, Merson D. Attaining High Functional Performance in Biodegradable Mg-Alloys: An Overview of Challenges and Prospects for the Mg-Zn-Ca System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1324. [PMID: 36770330 PMCID: PMC9920771 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a concise overview of modern achievements and existing knowledge gaps in the area of biodegradable magnesium alloys. Hundreds of Mg-based alloys have been proposed as candidates for temporary implants, and this number tends to increase day by day. Therefore, while reviewing common aspects of research in this field, we confine ourselves primarily to the popular Mg-Zn-Ca system, taken as a representative example. Over the last decades, research activities in this area have grown enormously and have produced many exciting results. Aiming at highlighting the areas where research efforts are still scarce, we review the state-of-the-art processing techniques and summarize the functional properties attained via a wide variety of processing routes devised towards achieving a desired properties profile, including the mechanical response in terms of strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance paired with biocompatibility and bio-corrosion resistance or controlled degradability. We pay keen attention to a summary of corrosion properties and mechano-chemical interactions between an aggressive environment and loaded Mg-based structures, resulting in stress corrosion cracking and premature corrosion fatigue failures. The polemic issues and challenges practitioners face in their laboratory research are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Vinogradov
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 4791 Trondheim, Norway
- Magnesium Research Center, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Evgeniy Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Pavel Myagkikh
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Mikhail Linderov
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Alexandr Brilevsky
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Dmitry Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia
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Kulyasova OB, Khudododova GD, Dyakonov GS, Zheng Y, Valiev RZ. Effect of Microstructure Refinement on the Corrosion Behavior of the Bioresorbable Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca and Mg-1Ca Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6749. [PMID: 36234091 PMCID: PMC9570597 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effect of the processing by high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the corrosion behavior in Ringer's solution for two popular bioresorbable magnesium alloys-Mg-1Ca and Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca. Three states were studied for each alloy-the initial homogenized state, the as-HPT-processed state and the state after subsequent annealing at 250 and 300 °C. It is shown that HPT processing results in a very strong grain refinement in both alloys down to a mean grain size of about 210 nm for the Mg-1Ca alloy and 90 nm for the Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca alloy, but their corrosion resistance values differ significantly (by an order of magnitude). The conducted precision scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that such a difference in the corrosion behavior is conditioned by a difference in the morphology and origin of the nano-sized particles of second phases, as well as by a change in the electrochemical properties of the "particle-α-Mg" pair. The obtained results are discussed from the perspective of the innovative applications of biodegradable Mg alloys for the manufacture of advanced medical implants and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga B. Kulyasova
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 K. Marx Str., 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Bashkir State University, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ganjina D. Khudododova
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 K. Marx Str., 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Bashkir State University, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Grigory S. Dyakonov
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Bashkir State University, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, 5 Yi-He-Yuan Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruslan Z. Valiev
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 K. Marx Str., 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Bashkir State University, 32 Zaki Validi Str., 450076 Ufa, Russia
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Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:42-63. [PMID: 35087962 PMCID: PMC8777287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to the regeneration rate of the bone fracture. In this review, a bioactive coating is proposed to slow down the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and accelerate the bone fracture healing process. The main aim of the bioactive coatings is to enhance the direct attachment of living tissues and thereby facilitate osteoconduction. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are six bioactive agents that show high potential for developing a bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. In addition to coating, the substrate itself can be made bioactive by alloying magnesium with calcium, zinc, copper, and manganese that were found to promote bone regeneration. Bioactive-coated magnesium implant could accelerate bone fracture healing time to match with magnesium degradation. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are high potential bioactive coating materials. The incorporation of Ca, Zn, Cu, Sr, and Mn in Mg base-metal could further enhance bone formation.
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Yan X, Su B, Yang X, Xu Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Wen Z. Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Nd Additions on As-Cast Microstructure and Precipitate Development in Mg-Nd System Alloys. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072535. [PMID: 35407866 PMCID: PMC8999752 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and precipitate evolution of as-cast Mg–Nd alloys with different contents of Nd was investigated via experimental and simulation methods. The research showed that the as-cast microstructure of Mg–Nd alloy consisted of α-Mg dendrites and the intermetallic phases. A metastable β phase precipitated, followed by α-Mg dendrites that could be confirmed as Mg12Nd by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The amount of β-Mg12Nd presented a rising trend with increasing Nd additions. In addition, the tertiary phase was also observed in as-cast Mg–Nd alloy when Nd content was greater than 3 wt.%, which precipitated from the oversaturated α-Mg matrix. The tertiary phase should be β1-Mg3Nd, which is also a metastable phase with a face-centered cubic lattice. However, it is a pity that the tertiary phase was not detected by the XRD technique. Moreover, an effective cellular automaton (CA) model was explored and applied to simulate the time-dependent α-Mg/β1-Mg3Nd eutectic growth. The simulated results of α-Mg/β1-Mg3Nd eutectic growth in Mg-3Nd presented that the growth of α-Mg dendrites was accompanied by the nucleation and growth of β1-Mg3Nd precipitates and eventually formed a eutectic structure. The eutectic morphologies for Mg–Nd system alloys with different Nd contents were also simulated using the proposed model, and the results revealed that α-Mg dendrite was a refinement, and the amount of α-Mg/β1-Mg3Nd eutectic was promoted, with increasing Nd content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yan
- School of Aero Engine, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-166-5960-9901 (B.S.); +86-371-6191-0097 (Z.W.)
| | - Xuemei Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Qingdong Xu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China; (Q.X.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhenhua Wen
- School of Aero Engine, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-166-5960-9901 (B.S.); +86-371-6191-0097 (Z.W.)
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Linderov M, Brilevsky A, Merson D, Danyuk A, Vinogradov A. On the Corrosion Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys Aimed at Biomedical Applications: New Insights from the Influence of Testing Frequency and Surface Modification of the Alloy ZK60. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020567. [PMID: 35057285 PMCID: PMC8781175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are contemporary candidates for many structural applications of which medical applications, such as bioresorbable implants, are of significant interest to the community and a challenge to materials scientists. The generally poor resistance of magnesium alloys to environmentally assisted fracture, resulting, in particular, in faster-than-desired bio-corrosion degradation in body fluids, strongly impedes their broad uptake in clinical practice. Since temporary structures implanted to support osteosynthesis or healing tissues may experience variable loading, the resistance to bio-corrosion fatigue is a critical issue that has yet to be understood in order to maintain the structural integrity and to prevent the premature failure of implants. In the present communication, we address several aspects of the corrosion fatigue behaviour of magnesium alloys, using the popular commercial ZK60 Mg-Zn-Zr alloy as a representative example. Specifically, the effects of the testing frequency, surface roughness and metallic coatings are discussed in conjunction with the fatigue fractography after the testing of miniature specimens in air and simulated body fluid. It is demonstrated that accelerated environmentally assisted degradation under cyclic loading occurs due to a complicated interplay between corrosion damage, stress corrosion cracking and cyclic loads. The occurrence of corrosion fatigue in Mg alloys is exaggerated by the significant sensitivity to the testing frequency. The fatigue life or strength reduced remarkably with a decrease in the test frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Linderov
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia; (M.L.); (A.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexander Brilevsky
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia; (M.L.); (A.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Dmitry Merson
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia; (M.L.); (A.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexei Danyuk
- Institute of Advanced Technologies, Togliatti State University, 445020 Togliatti, Russia; (M.L.); (A.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexei Vinogradov
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 4791 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Monitoring Dynamic Recrystallisation in Bioresorbable Alloy Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca by Means of an In Situ Acoustic Emission Technique. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010328. [PMID: 35009474 PMCID: PMC8746214 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The tensile behaviour of the biocompatible alloy Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca (in wt.%) in the fine-grained state, obtained by severe plastic deformation via multiaxial isothermal forging, has been investigated in a wide range of temperatures (20 ÷ 300) °C and strain rates (5 × 10−4 ÷ 2 × 10−2) s−1 with the measurements of acoustic emission (AE). The dependences of mechanical properties, including the yield stress, ultimate strength, ductility, and the strain-hardening rate, on the test temperature and strain rate, were obtained and discussed. It is shown for the first time that an acoustic emission method is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of the dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) process. The specific behaviour of the acoustic emission spectral density reflected by its median frequency as a function of strain at various temperatures can serve as an indicator of the DRX process’s completeness.
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Lai H. Study on the Strengthening Mechanism of Rare Earth Ce in Magnesium Alloys, Based on First-Principle Calculations and Electronegativity Theory. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216681. [PMID: 34772208 PMCID: PMC8588425 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the commercial applications of rare earth magnesium alloys are increasing gradually, there are considerable advantages to developing lower cost and higher performance magnesium alloys with high abundance rare earth (RE) elements. However, the alloying order of a matrix magnesium alloy is completely changed with the addition of RE elements. Therefore, further study of the strengthening mechanism of Ce element in magnesium alloys is required. In this work, the thermodynamic stability of the possible second phases in a Mg-Al-Mn-Ce multicomponent magnesium alloy were analyzed, based on first-principle calculations, and the precipitation sequence of the key RE phases was deduced as a consequence. Combined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and other experimental methods, it was investigated whether the preferentially precipitated second phases were the nucleation core of primary α-Mg. The complex alloying problem and strengthening mechanism in a multi-elemental magnesium alloy system were simplified with the aid of electronegativity theory. The results showed that the preferentially precipitated Al11Ce3 and Al10Ce2Mn7 phases could not be the nucleation core of primary α-Mg, and the grain refinement mechanism was such that the second phases at the grain boundary prevented the growth of magnesium grains. Moreover, the tensile test results showed that the reinforced structure, in which the Al-Ce phase was mixed with Mg-Al phase, was beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, at both ambient temperature and high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China;
- Ganzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute, Ganzhou 341400, China;
| | - Zhengqiang Zhu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jixue Zhou
- Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Huasheng Lai
- Ganzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute, Ganzhou 341400, China;
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The Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Biodegradation Behavior of Magnesium Alloyed with Silver and Gadolinium. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the alloys Mg-6.0%Ag and Mg-10.0%Gd was studied. It was shown that ECAP leads to grain refinement of the alloys down to the average grain size of 2–3 μm and 1–2 μm, respectively. In addition, in both alloys the precipitation of fine particles of phases Mg54Ag17 and Mg5Gd with sizes of ~500–600 and ~400–500 nm and a volume fraction of ~9% and ~8.6%, respectively, was observed. In the case of the alloy Mg-6.0%Ag, despite a significant grain refinement, a drop in the strength characteristics and a nearly twofold increase in ductility (up to ~30%) was found. This behavior is associated with the formation of a sharp inclined basal texture. For alloy Mg-10.0%Gd, both ductility and strength were enhanced, which can be associated with the combined effect of significant grain refinement and an increased probability of prismatic and basal glide. ECAP was also shown to cause a substantial rise of the biodegradation rate of both alloys and an increase in pitting corrosion. The latter effect is attributed to an increase in the dislocation density induced by ECAP and the occurrence of micro-galvanic corrosion at the matrix/particle interfaces.
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