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Mukheja Y, Kaur J, Pathania K, Sah SP, Salunke DB, Sangamwar AT, Pawar SV. Recent advances in pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications of lignin-based materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124601. [PMID: 37116833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a versatile and abundant biomass-derived polymer, possesses a wide array of properties that makes it a promising material for biotechnological applications. Lignin holds immense potential in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field due to its biocompatibility, high carbon content, low toxicity, ability to be converted into composites, thermal stability, antioxidant, UV-protectant, and antibiotic activity. Notably, lignin is an environmental friendly alternative to synthetic plastic and fossil-based materials because of its inherent biodegradability, safety, and sustainability potential. The most important findings related to the use of lignin and lignin-based materials are reported in this review, providing an overview of the methods and techniques used for their manufacturing and modification. Additionally, it emphasizes on recent research and the current state of applications of lignin-based materials in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields and also highlights the challenges and opportunities that need to be overcome to fully realize the potential of lignin biopolymer. An in-depth discussion of recent developments in lignin-based material applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, pharmaceutical excipients, biosensors, medical devices, and several other biotechnological applications, is provided in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Mukheja
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Khushboo Pathania
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta P Sah
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Vasudevan M, Perumal V, Karuppanan S, Ovinis M, Bothi Raja P, Gopinath SCB, Immanuel Edison TNJ. A Comprehensive Review on Biopolymer Mediated Nanomaterial Composites and Their Applications in Electrochemical Sensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-24. [PMID: 36288094 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2135090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are an attractive green alternative to conventional polymers, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their amorphous and nonconductive nature limits their potential as active biosensor material/substrate. To enhance their bio-analytical performance, biopolymers are combined with conductive materials to improve their physical and chemical characteristics. We review the main advances in the field of electrochemical biosensors, specifically the structure, approach, and application of biopolymers, as well as their conjugation with conductive nanoparticles, polymers and metal oxides in green-based noninvasive analytical biosensors. In addition, we reviewed signal measurement, substrate bio-functionality, biochemical reaction, sensitivity, and limit of detection (LOD) of different biopolymers on various transducers. To date, pectin biopolymer, when conjugated with either gold nanoparticles, polypyrrole, reduced graphene oxide, or multiwall carbon nanotubes forming nanocomposites on glass carbon electrode transducer, tends to give the best LOD, highest sensitivity and can detect multiple analytes/targets. This review will spur new possibilities for the use of biosensors for medical diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugashini Vasudevan
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Karuppanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mark Ovinis
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pandian Bothi Raja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Kangar 01000 & Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Arau 02600, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Pauh Campus, Perlis, Malaysia
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Borrero-López AM, Valencia C, Franco JM. Lignocellulosic Materials for the Production of Biofuels, Biochemicals and Biomaterials and Applications of Lignocellulose-Based Polyurethanes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:881. [PMID: 35267704 PMCID: PMC8912558 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review is devoted to the description of the state-of-the-art techniques and procedures concerning treatments and modifications of lignocellulosic materials in order to use them as precursors for biomaterials, biochemicals and biofuels, with particular focus on lignin and lignin-based products. Four different main pretreatment types are outlined, i.e., thermal, mechanical, chemical and biological, with special emphasis on the biological action of fungi and bacteria. Therefore, by selecting a determined type of fungi or bacteria, some of the fractions may remain unaltered, while others may be decomposed. In this sense, the possibilities to obtain different final products are massive, depending on the type of microorganism and the biomass selected. Biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials derived from lignocellulose are extensively described, covering those obtained from the lignocellulose as a whole, but also from the main biopolymers that comprise its structure, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, special attention has been paid to the formulation of bio-polyurethanes from lignocellulosic materials, focusing more specifically on their applications in the lubricant, adhesive and cushioning material fields. High-performance alternatives to petroleum-derived products have been reported, such as adhesives that substantially exceed the adhesion performance of those commercially available in different surfaces, lubricating greases with tribological behaviour superior to those in lithium and calcium soap and elastomers with excellent static and dynamic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Borrero-López
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Center, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (C.V.); (J.M.F.)
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Magina S, Rudnitskaya A, Soreto S, Costa LC, Barros-Timmons A, Evtuguin DV. Lignosulfonate-Based Conducting Flexible Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Sensing Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5331. [PMID: 34576553 PMCID: PMC8470934 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignosulfonate (LS) from the acid sulfite pulping of eucalypt wood was used to synthesize LS-based polyurethanes (PUs) doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the range of 0.1-1.4% w/w, yielding a unique conducting copolymer composite, which was employed as a sensitive material for all-solid-state potentiometric chemical sensors. LS-based PUs doped with 1.0% w/w MWCNTs exhibited relevant electrical conductivity suitable for sensor applications. The LS-based potentiometric sensor displayed a near-Nernstian or super-Nernstian response to a wide range of transition metals, including Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Hg(II), and Ag(I) at pH 7 and Cr(VI) at pH 2. It also exhibited a redox response to the Fe(II)/(III) redox pair at pH 2. Unlike other lignin-based potentiometric sensors in similar composite materials, this LS-based flexible polymeric membrane did not show irreversible complexation with Hg(II). Only a weak response toward ionic liquids, [C2mim]Cl and ChCl, was registered. Unlike LS-based composites comprising MWCNTs, those doped with graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphite (Gr) did not reveal the same electrical conductivity, even with loads up to 10% (w/w), in the polymer composite. This fact is associated, at least partially, with the different filler dispersion abilities within the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magina
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
| | - Alisa Rudnitskaya
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sílvia Soreto
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Luís Cadillon Costa
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
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Gawdzik B, Sevastyanova O. Special Issue: "Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Blends from Renewable Sources". MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174858. [PMID: 34500949 PMCID: PMC8432714 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the progress in the manufacturing,characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly polymeric blends from renewable resources [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawdzik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Olena Sevastyanova
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH-The Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Jardim JM, Hart PW, Lucia L, Jameel H. Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081795. [PMID: 32796539 PMCID: PMC7464338 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant, renewable, and relatively cheap biobased feedstock that has potential in energy, chemicals, and materials. Kraft lignin, more specifically, has been used for more than 100 years as a self-sustaining energy feedstock for industry after which it has finally reached more widespread commercial appeal. Unfortunately, hardwood kraft lignin (HWKL) has been neglected over these years when compared to softwood kraft lignin (SWKL). Therefore, the present work summarizes and critically reviews the research and development (R&D) dealing specifically with HWKL. It will also cover methods for HWKL extraction from black liquor, as well as its structure, properties, fractionation, and modification. Finally, it will reveal several interesting opportunities for HWKL that include dispersants, adsorbents, antioxidants, aromatic compounds (chemicals), and additives in briquettes, pellets, hydrogels, carbon fibers and polymer blends and composites. HWKL shows great potential for all these applications, however more R&D is needed to make its utilization economically feasible and reach the levels in the commercial lignin market commensurate with SWKL. The motivation for this critical review is to galvanize further studies, especially increased understandings in the field of HWKL, and hence amplify much greater utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. Jardim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr. Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.J.); (L.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Peter W. Hart
- WestRock, 501 South 5th Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr. Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.J.); (L.L.); (H.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr. Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials & Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology/Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr. Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.J.); (L.L.); (H.J.)
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Evtyugin DD, Magina S, Evtuguin DV. Recent Advances in the Production and Applications of Ellagic Acid and Its Derivatives. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122745. [PMID: 32545813 PMCID: PMC7355634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs), characterized by their diversity and chemical complexity, belong to the class of hydrolysable tannins that, via hydrolysis under acidic or alkaline conditions, can yield ellagic acid (EA). They are mostly found as a part of extractives in angiosperms. As known antioxidants and chelators, EA and EA derivatives are drawing an increasing interest towards extensive technical and biomedical applications. The latter ones include possible antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and cardioprotective, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and antidepressant-like activities, among others. EA’s synthesis and production challenges prompt further research on new methods and alternative sources. Conventional and prospective methods and raw materials for the production of EA and its derivatives are reviewed. Among the potential sources of EA, the residues and industrial streams of the pulp industry have been highlighted and considered as an alluring alternative in terms of commercial exploitation.
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