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Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Jamroz E, Medyńska-Juraszek A, Bednik M, Kosyk B, Polláková N. Deashed Wheat-Straw Biochar as a Potential Superabsorbent for Pesticides. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2185. [PMID: 36984065 PMCID: PMC10056329 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar activation methods have attracted extensive attention due to their great role in improving sorptive properties of carbon-based materials. As a result, chemically modified biochars gained application potential in the purification of soil and water from xenobiotics. This paper describes changes in selected physicochemical properties of high-temperature wheat-straw biochar (BC) upon its deashing. On the pristine and chemically activated biochar (BCd) retention of five pesticides of endocrine disrupting activity (carbaryl, carbofuran, 2,4-D, MCPA and metolachlor) was studied. Deashing resulted in increased sorbent aromaticity and abundance in surface hydroxyl groups. BCd exhibited more developed meso- and microporosity and nearly triple the surface area of BC. Hydrophobic pesticides (metolachlor and carbamates) displayed comparably high (88-98%) and irreversible adsorption on both BCs, due to the pore filling, whereas the hydrophilic and ionic phenoxyacetic acids were weakly and reversibly sorbed on BC (7.3 and 39% of 2,4-D and MCPA dose introduced). Their removal from solution and hence retention on the deashed biochar was nearly total, due to the increased sorbent surface area and interactions of the agrochemicals with unclogged OH groups. The modified biochar has the potential to serve as a superabsorbent, immobilizing organic pollutant of diverse hydrophobicity from water and soil solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bednik
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogna Kosyk
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nora Polláková
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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2
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Park B, Choi SJ. Magnetic biochar modified with crosslinked chitosan and EDTA for removing cobalt from aqueous solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-023-08831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Farghali M, Mohamed IMA, Osman AI, Rooney DW. Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:97-152. [PMID: 36245550 PMCID: PMC9547092 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless, seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally, seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production. Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farghali
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Israa M. A. Mohamed
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
- Graduate School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
| | - Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG UK
| | - David W. Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG UK
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Sharma P, Kaur J, Katnoria JK. Assessment of spatial variations in pollution load of agricultural soil samples of Ludhiana district, Punjab. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:222. [PMID: 36543983 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surveying, mapping, and characterizing soil properties are the critical steps in designating soil quality. Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, wastewater discharge, and leachates cause soil degradation and contamination of potable water and food ultimately leading to soil pollution and ill effects on human health. This study was undertaken to monitor the soil quality of agricultural soil samples collected from ten different agricultural fields in Ludhiana, Punjab (India), near Buddha Nullah, a Sutlej River tributary. Physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal contents of soil samples were estimated during the study. The obtained results showed that all the agricultural soil samples were slightly alkaline in nature. Soil nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates, and potassium ranged from 0.06 to 0.11 mg/g, 0.03 to 0.08 mg/g, and 0.04 to 0.15 mg/g respectively. The contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, and lead were observed to be above the permissible limits in most of the soil samples. Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay was used for genotoxicity studies which has shown that Hambran (HBN), a site approx. 12.9 km of the Buddha Nullah, induced maximum genotoxic effects, i.e., 46.7% aberrant cells in root tip cells of Allium cepa. The statistical analysis revealed the positive correlation of heavy metals like Cr, Cu, and Ni (at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01) with the total chromosomal aberrations induced in Allium cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, (Punjab) 143005, India
| | - Jaskaran Kaur
- Sherpa Space Inc., Daejeon, 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, (Punjab) 143005, India.
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Mohammadpour A, Emadi Z, Keshtkar M, Mohammadi L, Motamed-Jahromi M, Samaei MR, Zarei AA, Berizi E, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fruits from Iranian market (Shiraz): A health risk assessment study. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bąk J, Thomas P, Kołodyńska D. Chitosan-Modified Biochars to Advance Research on Heavy Metal Ion Removal: Roles, Mechanism and Perspectives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6108. [PMID: 36079488 PMCID: PMC9457549 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chitosan-modified biochars BC-CS 1-1, BC-CS 2-1 and BC-CS 4-1 were subjected to the synthetic application of biochar from agriculture waste and chitosan for the adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous media. The results displayed a heterogeneous, well-developed surface. Additionally, the surface functional groups carboxyl, hydroxyl and phenol, determining the sorption mechanism and confirming the thermal stability of the materials, were present. The sorption evaluation was carried out as a function of the sorbent dose, pH, phase contact time, initial concentration of the solution and temperature. The maximum value of qt for Pb(II)-BC-CS 4-1, 32.23 mg/g (C0 200 mg/L, mass 0.1 g, pH 5, 360 min), was identified. Nitric acid was applied for the sorbent regeneration with a yield of 99.13% for Pb(II)-BC-CS 2-1. The produced sorbents can be used for the decontamination of water by means of the cost-effective and high-performance method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bąk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Peter Thomas
- Earthcare, LLC, 8524 Southport Drive, Evansville, IN 47711, USA
| | - Dorota Kołodyńska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Jiang M, Wang K, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Wang W. Technologies for the cobalt-contaminated soil remediation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151908. [PMID: 34838917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt-contaminated soil has exposed potential toxicity to humans, plants, and animals. Industrial activities like ore smelting, alloy manufacture, and electric and electronic devices production have induced the increased cobalt content in soil resulting in higher ecosystem risk in diverse environmental media. However, knowledge gaps in cobalt transfer in soil and the limited understanding of remediation techniques make it challenging to estimate their potential application scenarios. Thus, keeping in view the above facts, this paper summarizes the natural and anthropogenic sources arousing the increase of cobalt in soil and reviews the cobalt species in soil and factors that influence the mobilization of cobalt. Moreover, the status of the remediation technologies is critically evaluated, including phytoremediation, immobilization, and separation technologies (soil washing and electroremediation) with a focus on the application and mechanism of phytoremediation and immobilization. Based on the actual application, further improvements and prospects of all techniques are proposed. This comprehensive review might serve to guide technique selection and inspire more scientific exploration on the remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Weiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Sun J, Norouzi O, Mašek O. A state-of-the-art review on algae pyrolysis for bioenergy and biochar production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126258. [PMID: 34798254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Algae, as a feedstock with minimum land footprint, is considered a promising biomass for sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials. Unlike lignocellulosic biomass, algae consist mainly of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. This review focusses on the bio-oil and biochar co-products of algae-pyrolysis and presents the current state-of-the-art in the pyrolysis technologies and key applications of algal biochar. Algal biochar holds potential to be a cost-effective fertilizer, as it has high P, N and other nutrient contents. Beyond soil applications, algae-derived biochar has many other applications, such as wastewater-treatment, due to its porous structure and strong ion-exchange capacity. High specific capacitance and stability also make algal biochar a potential supercapacitor material. Furthermore, algal biochar can be great catalysts (or catalyst supports). This review sheds light on a wide range of algae-pyrolysis related topics, including advanced-pyrolysis techniques and the potential biochar applications in soil amendment, energy storage, catalysts, chemical industries, and wastewater-treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Sun
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Omid Norouzi
- Mechanical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
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Zhu H, Zou H. Characterization of algae residue biochar and its application in methyl orange wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:3716-3725. [PMID: 34928838 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Spirulina residue was used as the raw material to prepare different biochars by changing the pyrolysis time. Moreover, the obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction energy spectra. This experiment used the batch adsorption method to study the adsorption effect of pH, dosage, and pyrolysis time on methyl orange. The adsorption of methyl orange onto Spirulina residue biochar (SRBC) were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The results showed that the surface functional groups of SRBC obtained by dry pyrolysis were abundant, and could effectively adsorb methyl orange dye in an aqueous solution. The sample prepared at 500 °C for 5 h had the best adsorption effect on methyl orange. The change of pyrolysis time will affect the physicochemical properties of biochar from Spirulina residue, thereby affecting its adsorption effect on methyl orange dye. The analysis showed that the chemical adsorption of SRBC on methyl orange might be the primary way of dye removal. The results can provide a reference for preparing biochar from algae residue and biochar application in the removal of dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China E-mail:
| | - Haiming Zou
- Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China E-mail:
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Medyńska-Juraszek A, Álvarez ML, Białowiec A, Jerzykiewicz M. Characterization and Sodium Cations Sorption Capacity of Chemically Modified Biochars Produced from Agricultural and Forestry Wastes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164714. [PMID: 34443236 PMCID: PMC8397991 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive amounts of sodium cations (Na+) in water is an important limiting factor to reuse poor quality water in agriculture or industry, and recently, much attention has been paid to developing cost-effective and easily available water desalination technology that is not limited to natural resources. Biochar seems to be a promising solution for reducing high loads of inorganic contaminant from water and soil solution, and due to the high availability of biomass in agriculture and forestry, its production for these purposes may become beneficial. In the present research, wheat straw, sunflower husk, and pine-chip biochars produced at 250, 450 and 550 °C under simple torrefaction/pyrolysis conditions were chemically modified with ethanol or HCl to determine the effect of these activations on Na sorption capacity from aqueous solution. Biochar sorption property measurements, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, content of base cations in exchangeable forms, and structural changes of biochar surface, were performed by FTIR and EPR spectrometry to study the effect of material chemical activation. The sorption capacity of biochars and activated carbons was investigated by performing batch sorption experiments, and adsorption isotherms were tested with Langmuir's and Freundlich's models. The results showed that biochar activation had significant effects on the sorption characteristics of Na+, increasing its capacity (even 10-folds) and inducing the mechanism of ion exchange between biochar and saline solution, especially when ethanol activation was applied. The findings of this study show that biochar produced through torrefaction with ethanol activation requires lower energy demand and carbon footprint and, therefore, is a promising method for studying material applications for environmental and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Sciences and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 53 Grunwaldzka Str., 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - María Luisa Álvarez
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maria Jerzykiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, 14 Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
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Efimova NV, Krasnopyorova AP, Yuhno GD, Sofronov DS, Rucki M. Uptake of Radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, and 90Sr with α-Fe 2O 3 and Fe 3O 4 Particles from Aqueous Environment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112899. [PMID: 34071340 PMCID: PMC8199396 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the paper, investigation results of the uptake efficiency of radionuclides 60Co, 90Sr, and 137Cs dissolved in water onto iron oxides α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 are presented. It was found that sorption efficiency increased for higher pH values. Independent of the oxide nature, the uptake characteristics are the best toward 60Co and the worst toward 137Cs, forming the row as follows: 60Co > 90Sr > 137Cs. The highest sorption ability at pH 9 was found for magnetite Fe3O4, which was 93%, 73%, and 26% toward 60Co, 90Sr, and 137Cs, respectively, while the respective percentages for hematite α-Fe2O3 were 85%, 41%, and 18%. It was assumed that the main sorption mechanism was ion exchange. That may explain some decrease of the sorption efficiency in drinking water due to the interfering presence of magnesium and calcium cations. The obtained results indicated the feasibility of the tested sorbents and their merits, especially in terms of relatively high uptake coefficients, low costs, availability, and lack of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Efimova
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (N.V.E.); (A.P.K.); (G.D.Y.)
| | - Alla P. Krasnopyorova
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (N.V.E.); (A.P.K.); (G.D.Y.)
| | - Galina D. Yuhno
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (N.V.E.); (A.P.K.); (G.D.Y.)
| | - Dmitry S. Sofronov
- State Scientific Institution «Institute for Single Cristal», National Academy of Sciences, 60 Nauky Avenue, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Mirosław Rucki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Quantitative Detection of Chromium Pollution in Biochar Based on Matrix Effect Classification Regression Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072069. [PMID: 33916837 PMCID: PMC8038433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Returning biochar to farmland has become one of the nationally promoted technologies for soil remediation and improvement in China. Rapid detection of heavy metals in biochar derived from varied materials can provide a guarantee for contaminated soil, avoiding secondary pollution. This work aims first to apply laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the quantitative detection of Cr in biochar. Learning from the principles of traditional matrix effect correction methods, calibration samples were divided into 1–3 classifications by an unsupervised hierarchical clustering method based on the main elemental LIBS data in biochar. The prediction samples were then divided into diverse classifications of calibration samples by a supervised K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. By comparing the effects of multiple partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, the results show that larger numbered classifications have a lower averaged relative standard deviations of cross-validation (ARSDCV) value, signifying a better calibration performance. Therefore, the 3 classification regression model was employed in this study, which had a better prediction performance with a lower averaged relative standard deviations of prediction (ARSDP) value of 8.13%, in comparison with our previous research and related literature results. The LIBS technology combined with matrix effect classification regression model can weaken the influence of the complex matrix effect of biochar and achieve accurate quantification of contaminated metal Cr in biochar.
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Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Microbiology of Cobalt in Mining-Affected Environments. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is recognised by the European Commission as a “Critical Raw Material” due to its irreplaceable functionality in many types of modern technology, combined with its current high-risk status associated with its supply. Despite such importance, there remain major knowledge gaps with regard to the geochemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology of cobalt-bearing environments, particularly those associated with ore deposits and subsequent mining operations. In such environments, high concentrations of Co (up to 34,400 mg/L in mine water, 14,165 mg/kg in tailings, 21,134 mg/kg in soils, and 18,434 mg/kg in stream sediments) have been documented. Co is contained in ore and mine waste in a wide variety of primary (e.g., cobaltite, carrolite, and erythrite) and secondary (e.g., erythrite, heterogenite) minerals. When exposed to low pH conditions, a number of such minerals are known to undergo dissolution, typically forming Co2+(aq). At circumneutral pH, such aqueous Co can then become immobilised by co-precipitation and/or sorption onto Fe and Mn(oxyhydr)oxides. This paper brings together contemporary knowledge on such Co cycling across different mining environments. Further research is required to gain a truly robust understanding of the Co-system in mining-affected environments. Key knowledge gaps include the mechanics and kinetics of secondary Co-bearing mineral environmental transformation, the extent at which such environmental cycling is facilitated by microbial activity, the nature of Co speciation across different Eh-pH conditions, and the environmental and human toxicity of Co.
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Assessing the Influence of Compost and Biochar Amendments on the Mobility and Uptake of Heavy Metals by Green Leafy Vegetables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217861. [PMID: 33121066 PMCID: PMC7662399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Municipal green-waste compost and wheat straw biochar amendments were assessed for their assistance in regulating the mobility of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni and the uptake of these metals by five commonly grown green leafy vegetables (radish, lettuce, dill, spinach and parsley). The amendments were applied alone or combination of both in 5% and 10% (v/w) doses to soil contaminated with heavy metals. Vegetables were grown for eight weeks under greenhouse conditions, and in collected samples plant uptake and metal speciation in soil after sequential extraction procedure (BCR) were analyzed by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES). The results of our study show that organic amendments noticeably reduced the uptake of heavy metals by various leafy vegetables, with the best result of reduced leaf accumulation for single biochar and biochar–compost mix application at higher dose. Single application of green-waste municipal compost may have adverse effects on heavy metal uptake, increasing the risk of vegetable contamination with Zn, Pb and Cr. This study recommends careful selection of vegetables for cultivation when organic fertilizers are applied to soil with elevated contents of trace elements or co-application of compost in mix with biochar to mitigate possible negative effects and human health risk.
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Petrella A, Race M, Spasiano D. Novel Bioderived Composites from Wastes. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112571. [PMID: 32516878 PMCID: PMC7321454 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recycling and reuse of solid wastes can be considered important challenges for civil and environmental applications in the frame of a more sustainable model of development and the consumption of new resources and energy [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrella
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)8-0596-3275; Fax: +39-(0)8-0596-3635
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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