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López-Maldonado EA, Abdellaoui Y, Abu Elella MH, Abdallah HM, Pandey M, Anthony ET, Ghimici L, Álvarez-Torrellas S, Pinos-Vélez V, Oladoja NA. Innovative biopolyelectrolytes-based technologies for wastewater treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132895. [PMID: 38848850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Developing eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient methods for treating water pollutants has become paramount in recent years. Biopolyelectrolytes (BPEs), comprising natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and cellulose, have emerged as versatile tools in this pursuit. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the diverse roles of BPEs in combating water contamination, spanning coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, and filtration membrane techniques. With ionizable functional groups, BPEs exhibit promise in removing heavy metals, dyes, and various pollutants. Studies showcase the efficacy of chitosan, alginate, and pectin in achieving notable removal rates. BPEs efficiently adsorb heavy metal ions, dyes, and pesticides, leveraging robust adsorption capacity and exceptional mechanical properties. Furthermore, BPEs play a pivotal role in filtration membrane techniques, offering efficient separation systems with high removal rates and low energy consumption. Despite challenges related to production costs and property variability, their environmentally friendly, biodegradable, renewable, and recyclable nature positions BPEs as compelling candidates for sustainable water treatment technologies. This review delves deeper into BPEs' modification and integration with other materials; these natural polymers hold substantial promise in revolutionizing the landscape of water treatment technologies, offering eco-conscious solutions to address the pressing global issue of water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youness Abdellaoui
- CONAHCyT-Cinvestav Saltillo. Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe. Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila C.P. 25900, Mexico.
| | - Mahmoud H Abu Elella
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdallah
- Polymers and Pigments Department, Chemical Industries Research institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mayank Pandey
- Department of Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College, Bangalore-560077, India
| | | | - Luminita Ghimici
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Torrellas
- Catalysis and Separation Processes Group, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Pinos-Vélez
- Departamento de Biociencias, Ecocampus Balzay, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010202, Ecuador; Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Ecocampus Balzay, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador
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Shah SV, Lamba BY, Tiwari AK, Sharma R. Self-flocculation behaviour of cellulose-based bioflocculant synthesized from sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:725-736. [PMID: 38582779 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The global energy crisis has spurred a shift from conventional to clean and sustainable energy sources. Biomass derived from microalgae is emerging as an alternative energy source with diverse applications. Despite the numerous advantages of microalgae, large-scale biomass harvesting is not economical and convenient. Self-flocculation is considered an effective phenomenon facilitated by extracting the flocculating substances from microalgae that assist aggregation of algal cells into flocs. A novel cellulose-based bioflocculant has been synthesized from sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans for harvesting application. The produced bioflocculant amounted to 38.5% and 19.38% of the dry weight of S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively. Analysis via FTIR, XRD, and FESEM-EDX revealed the presence of cellulose hydroxyapatite (HA) in algae-derived cellulose. Harvesting efficiencies of 95.3% and 89.16% were attained for S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively, at a dosage of 0.5 g/L. Furthermore, the bioflocculant was recovered, enabling its reuse with recovery efficiencies of 52% and 10% for S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively. This simple and efficient approach has the potential to replace other harvesting methods, thereby contributing to the economic algal biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Vilas Shah
- School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawna Yadav Lamba
- School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
- Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Avanish K Tiwari
- Centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, VIKALP (Nai Dishayen), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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3
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Zambrano-Pinto MV, Tinizaray-Castillo R, Riera MA, Maddela NR, Luque R, Díaz JMR. Microplastics as vectors of other contaminants: Analytical determination techniques and remediation methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168244. [PMID: 37923271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous and persistent presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems has raised global concerns due to their detrimental effects on human health and the natural environment. These minuscule plastic fragments not only threaten biodiversity but also serve as vectors for contaminants, absorbing organic and inorganic pollutants, thereby causing a range of health and environmental issues. This review provides an overview of microplastics and their effects. This work highlights available analytical techniques for detecting and characterizing microplastics in different environmental matrices, assessing their advantages and limitations. Additionally, this review explores innovative remediation approaches, such as microbial degradation and other advanced methods, offering promising prospects for combatting microplastic accumulation in contaminated environments. The focus on environmentally-friendly technologies, such as the use of microorganisms and enzymes for microplastic degradation, underscores the importance of sustainable solutions in plastic pollution management. In conclusion, this article not only deepens our understanding of the microplastic issue and its impact but also advocates for the urgent need to develop and implement effective strategies to mitigate this critical environmental challenge. In this context, the crucial role of advanced technologies, like quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (qNMR), as promising tools for rapid and efficient microplastic detection, is emphasized. Furthermore, the potential of the enzyme PETase (polyethylene terephthalate esterase) in microplastic degradation is examined, aiming to address the growing plastic pollution, particularly in saline environments like oceanic ecosystems. These innovations offer hope for effectively addressing microplastic accumulation in contaminated environments and minimizing its adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Veronica Zambrano-Pinto
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador.
| | - Rolando Tinizaray-Castillo
- Departamento de Construcciones Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
| | - María A Riera
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador.
| | - Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón EC092302, Ecuador.
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador.
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Sun D, Zeng J, Yang D, Qiu X, Liu W. Full biomass-based multifunctional flocculant from lignin and cationic starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127287. [PMID: 37806418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is a common process for wastewater treatment. However, the most commonly used organic synthetic flocculants such as polyacrylamide are petroleum-based. In this work, biomass lignin was grafted with cationic starch to synthesize low-cost, green and fully biomass-based multifunctional flocculants. The cationic polyacrylamide was replaced by cheap industrial cationic starch. Hyperbranched multifunctional lignin-grafted cationic starch flocculant (CS-L) was successfully prepared via ring-opening reaction with epichlorohydrin. The mass content of lignin in the grafted product was between 16.6 % and 70.1 %. With the dosage of CS-L between 4.0 and 7.5 mg/l, the turbidity removal rate for 500 mg/l kaolin suspension reached more than 97 %. When the dosage of CS-L was 24 mg/l, the removal rate of 50 mg/l Cu2+ reached 85.7 %. Importantly, when the mixed solution of kaolin particles and Cu2+ was treated, the synchronous removal rates of kaolin and Cu2+ reached 90 % and 72 % respectively in the range of 8.0-12.0 mg/l flocculant addition. The synthesized lignin-grafted cationic starch flocculant showed an excellent multifunctional flocculation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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Nakatsuji M, Sato N, Sakamoto S, Watanabe K, Teruuchi Y, Takeuchi M, Inui T, Ishihara H. Non-electrostatic interactions associated with aggregate formation between polyallylamine and Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14793. [PMID: 37684326 PMCID: PMC10491771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial aggregation by mixing with polymers is applied as pretreatment to identify pathogens in patients with infectious diseases. However, the detailed interaction between polymers and bacteria has yet to be fully understood. Here, we investigate the interaction between polyallylamine and Escherichia coli by isothermal titration calorimetry. Aggregation was observed at pH 10 and the binding was driven by favorable enthalpic gain such as the electrostatic interaction. Neither aggregation nor the apparent heat of binding was observed at pH 4.0, despite the strong positive charge of polyallylamine. These results suggest that intermolecular repulsive forces of the abundant positive charge of polyallylamine cause an increased loss of conformational entropy by binding. Non-electrostatic interaction plays a critical role for aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakatsuji
- Research and Development Headquarters, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd., 2-4-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sato
- Research and Development Headquarters, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd., 2-4-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan
| | - Shiho Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- Specialty Chemicals Division, Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., 1 Shiojima, Fukuhara, Fukuyama, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8061, Japan
| | - Yoko Teruuchi
- Specialty Chemicals Division, Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., 1 Shiojima, Fukuhara, Fukuyama, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8061, Japan
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Research and Development Headquarters, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd., 2-4-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan
| | - Takashi Inui
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ishihara
- Research and Development Headquarters, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd., 2-4-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan.
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6
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Singh HM, Sharma M, Tyagi VV, Goria K, Buddhi D, Sharma A, Bruno F, Sheoran S, Kothari R. Potential of biogenic and non-biogenic waste materials as flocculant for algal biomass harvesting: Mechanism, parameters, challenges and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117591. [PMID: 36996549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, waste materials (biogenic/non-biogenic) are focused as the flocculants for harvesting of algal biomass. Chemical flocculants are widely utilized for the effective harvesting of algal biomass at a commercial scale while the high cost is a major drawback. The waste materials-based flocculants (WMBF) are started to utilize as one of the cost-effective performance for dual benefits of waste minimization and reuse for sustainable recovery of biomass. The novelty of the article is articulated with the objective that presents an insight of WMBF, classification of WMBF, preparation methods of WMBF, mechanisms of flocculation, factors affecting flocculation-mechanism, challenges and future recommendations that are required for harvesting of algae. The WMBF are shown similar flocculation mechanisms and flocculation efficiencies as chemical flocculants. Thus, the utilization of waste material for the flocculation process of algal cells minimizes the waste load into the environment and transforms the waste materials into valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - Mriduta Sharma
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India.
| | - Kajol Goria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India
| | - D Buddhi
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, UP, India
| | - Frank Bruno
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane Sheoran
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India.
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Badawi AK, Salama RS, Mostafa MMM. Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19335-19355. [PMID: 37377880 PMCID: PMC10291875 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial wastewater is categorized as a voracious consumer of fresh water and a high-strength source of pollution. Coagulation-flocculation is a simple and cost-effective technique for removing organic/inorganic compounds and colloidal particles from industrial effluents. Despite the outstanding natural properties, biodegradability, and efficacy of natural coagulants/flocculants (NC/Fs) in industrial wastewater treatment, their significant potential to remediate such effluents is underappreciated, particularly in commercial scale applications. Most reviews on NC/Fs focused on the possible application of plant-based sources such as plant seeds, tannin, certain vegetables/fruit peels, and their lab-scale potential. Our review expands the scope by examining the feasibility of using natural materials from other sources for industrial effluent decontamination. By analyzing the latest data on NC/Fs, we identify the most promising preparation techniques for making these materials stable enough to compete with traditional options in the marketplace. An interesting presentation of the results of various recent studies has also been highlighted and discussed. Additionally, we highlight the recent success of using magnetic-natural coagulants/flocculants (M-NC/Fs) in treating diverse industrial effluents, and discuss the potential for reprocessing spent materials as a renewable resource. The review also offers different concepts for suggested large-scale treatment systems used by MN-CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K Badawi
- Civil Engineering Department, El-Madina Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Giza 12588 Egypt
| | - Reda S Salama
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar M Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Wu W, Zhao Y, Qi J, Li C, Fang J, Xu B, Lyu G, Li G, Li H. An amphiphilic flocculant with a lignin core for efficient separation of suspended solids. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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9
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Liang Y, Deng L, Feng Z, Ouyang Q, Wu X, Quan W, Zhu Y, Ye H, Wu K, Luo H. A Chitosan-Based Flocculation Method for Efficient Recovery of High-Purity B-Phycoerythrin from a Low Concentration of Phycobilin in Wastewater. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083600. [PMID: 37110834 PMCID: PMC10143359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the yield and purity of B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) can improve the economic state of microalgae industrial processing. One method of cost reduction involves the recovery of remaining B-PE from wastewater. In this study, we developed a chitosan (CS)-based flocculation technique for the efficient recovery of B-PE from a low concentration of phycobilin in wastewater. We investigated the effects of the molecular weight of chitosan, B-PE/CS mass ratio, and solution pH on the flocculation efficiency of CS and the effects of phosphate buffer concentration and pH on the recovery rate of B-PE. The maximum flocculation efficiency of CS, recovery rate, and purity index of B-PE were 97.19% ± 0.59%, 72.07% ± 1.37%, and 3.20 ± 0.025 (drug grade), respectively. The structural stability and activity of B-PE were maintained during the recovery process. Economic evaluation revealed that our CS-based flocculation method is more economical than the ammonium sulfate precipitation method is. Furthermore, the bridging effect and electrostatic interaction play important roles in B-PE/CS complex flocculation process. Hence, our study provides an efficient and economical method to recover high-purity B-PE from a low concentration of phycobilin in wastewater, which promoted the application of B-PE as a natural pigment protein in food and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Liang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Luming Deng
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhenhui Feng
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weiyan Quan
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Kefeng Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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10
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Yu Q, Yu Z, Song X, Cao X, Jiang W, Chu Y. The synthesis of an acrylamide copolymer and its synergistic effects on clay flocculation of red tide organisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117326. [PMID: 36764213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modified clay (MC) method is a common emergency treatment technology for red tides, and the selection of surface modifiers is the key to the MC technology. A cationic polymeric modifier, the copolymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide (P (DMDAAC-co-AM), PDA) was optimized via a visible-light-induced polymerization technique. The PDA-modified clay (PDAMC) was prepared with strong salt tolerance and achieved efficiencies of 86% at the concentration of 50 mg L-1, and the dose was 90% lower than that of aluminum polychloride-modified clay (PACMC). While polyacrylamide and commercial PDA can achieve efficiencies of only 25 and 67%, respectively, but high doses were required. This is because PDA changed the surface charges of clay particles from negative to positive, which promotes the formation of the polymer-chains bridging network to overcome the difficulties of curling in seawater. According to the analysis of flocculation parameters and spatial conformation of PDAMC, the high salinity tolerance of the PDAMC was attributed to the synergistic processes of charge neutralization and the three-dimensional network bridging. Therefore, this study has developed a highly effective flocculant material used in seawater and provided an important reference for the management of red tide organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyang Chu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong, Qingdao, 266042, China
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Braşoveanu M, Sabbaghi H, Nemţanu MR. Synthesis of Natural-Inspired Materials by Irradiation: Data Mining from the Perspective of Their Functional Properties in Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2686. [PMID: 37048979 PMCID: PMC10096124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study is focused on assessing the interrelation of variables involved in the synthesis of natural-inspired copolymers by electron beam grafting while taking the functionality of the resulting materials into account. In this respect, copolymers of starch-graft-polyacrylamide (St-g-PAM) were synthesized by irradiation, and their flocculation efficiency regarding the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and fatty matters (FM) was tested in coagulation-flocculation experiments at laboratory scale on wastewater from the oil industry. Data mining involved approaches related to the association (correlation and dimensionality reduction with principal component analysis (PCA)), clustering by agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), classifying by classification and regression tree (CART), and prediction (decision tree prediction, multiple linear regression (MLR), and principal component regression (PCR)) of treatments applied with the variation of the monomer concentration, irradiation dose, and dose rate. The relationship mining proved that the level of COD was significantly affected by the irradiation dose and monomer concentration, and FM was mainly affected by the dose rate (significance level = 0.05). TSS showed the highest negative correlation with the tested variables. Moreover, the consequences of MLR demonstrated an acceptable accuracy (mean absolute percentage error < 5%) for COD and FM; meanwhile, linear modeling together with the consequences of PCA in the structure of PCR could help to simplify and improve the prediction accuracy of equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Braşoveanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomiştilor St., P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - Hassan Sabbaghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
| | - Monica R. Nemţanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomiştilor St., P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
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12
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Lekniute-Kyzike E, Bendoraitiene J, Navikaite-Snipaitiene V, Peciulyte L, Rutkaite R. Production of Cationic Starch-Based Flocculants and Their Application in Thickening and Dewatering of the Municipal Sewage Sludge. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2621. [PMID: 37048915 PMCID: PMC10095371 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid-liquid separation processes in wastewater treatment technologies, and bio-based flocculants possess many advantages over conventional synthetic polymers. Potato starch microgranules were chemically modified and mechanically sheared to produce modified starch flocculants. The effectiveness of produced cationic starch (CS) and cross-linked cationic starch (CCS) flocculants in the thickening and dewatering of surplus activated sewage sludge was evaluated and compared with that of synthetic cationic flocculants (SCFs) The flocculation efficiency of SCF, CS, and CCS in sludge thickening was determined by measuring the filtration rate of treated surplus activated sludge. Comparing the optimal dose of SCFs and CCS flocculants needed for thickening, the CCS dose was more than 10 times higher, but a wide flocculation window was determined. The impact of used flocculants on the dewatering performance of surplus activated sludge at optimal dose conditions was investigated by measuring capillary suction time. The filtration efficiencies (dewaterability) of surplus activated sludge using SCF, CS, and CCS were 69, 67, and 72%, respectively. The study results imply that mechanically processed cross-linked cationic starch has a great potential to be used as an alternative green flocculant in surplus activated sludge thickening and dewatering operations in municipal sewage sludge treatment processes.
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13
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Saravanan A, Thamarai P, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G. Recent advances in polymer composite, extraction, and their application for wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136368. [PMID: 36088969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from diverse industrial sectors, agricultural practices and other household activities causes water pollution that result in different environmental issues. The main goals of wastewater treatment are typically to enhance the purity of wastewater and to enable the disposal of domestic and industrial effluents without endangering human health or causing excessive environmental issues. There were several natural and synthetic materials which have been utilized for wastewater treatment, amongst them polymers gain more importance due to their non-toxicity, economic feasibility, abundant availability of sources, renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, etc. The organic polymers such as cellulose, chitin, gelatin, alginates, lignin, dextran and other starch derivatives are the most commonly used natural polymers in wastewater treatments. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of the natural polymers make them become an alternative in wastewater treatments such as membrane filtration, adsorption, coagulation, flocculation and ion-exchange process to remove harmful contaminants such as toxic metals, dyes, medicines, pesticides, and so on. The review article discusses natural polymers and related uses in wastewater treatment. This review mainly focused on the wastewater treatment using natural polymers and the techniques involved for their extraction from natural sources. The recent trends in polymer extraction from the natural sources and the scope for the future research of natural polymers in various sectors are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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14
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Abd El-Aziz ME, Morsi SMM, Kamal KH, Khattab TA. Preparation of Isopropyl Acrylamide Grafted Chitosan and Carbon Bionanocomposites for Adsorption of Lead Ion and Methylene Blue. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214485. [PMID: 36365479 PMCID: PMC9656127 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater, which is rich with heavy elements, dyes, and pesticides, represents one of the most important environmental pollutants. Thus, it has been significant to fabricate environmentally friendly polymers with high adsorption ability for those pollutants. Herein, crosslinked chitosan (C-Cs) was prepared using isopropyl acrylamide and methylene bisacrylamide. Carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs) were also obtained by the treatment of the agricultural wastes, which was used with C-Cs to prepare C-Cs/C-NPs nanocomposite (C-Cs/C-NC). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to investigate the prepared adsorbent. C-Cs, C-NPs, and C-Cs/C-NC were used in water treatment for the adsorption of lead ions (Pb+2) and methylene blue (MB). The adsorption process occurred by the prepared samples was investigated under different conditions, including contact time, as well as different doses and concentrations of adsorbents. The findings exhibited that the adsorption of Pb+2 and MB by C-Cs/C-NC was higher than C-Cs and C-NPs. In addition, the kinetic and isotherm models were studied, where the results showed that the adsorption of Pb+2 and MB by various adsorbents obeys pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Essam Abd El-Aziz
- Polymer and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohoth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Samir M. M. Morsi
- Polymer and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohoth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Kholod H. Kamal
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Tawfik A. Khattab
- Dyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohoth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1011014356
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15
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Zeng F, Zhou H, Lin X, Li Y, Liang Y, Xie Q, Atakpa EO, Shen C, Zhang C. Enhanced remediation of fracturing flowback fluids by the combined application of a bioflocculant/biosurfactant-producing Bacillus sp. SS15 and its metabolites. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134870. [PMID: 35537625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fracturing flowback fluids (FFFs), which is generated from the process of oil and gas exploitation, is one of the major environmental concerns. In this study, a bacterial strain, Bacillus sp. SS15, capable of producing both bioflocculant (BF) and biosurfactant (BS), was isolated from oil-contaminated mudflat sediment. The BS produced by SS15 was identified as lipopeptide, which could reduce the surface tension of water from 74.2 mN/m to 36.6 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration of 44.4 mg/L. It also exhibited strong tolerance against a wide range of pH (2-12), temperature (4-60 °C), and salinity (0-100 g/L). Meanwhile, the BF produced by SS15 exhibited high flocculating activity (84.9%) for kaolin suspension, and was confirmed to be thermostable, salt-tolerant, and alkaliphilic. The combined treatment of bioremediation (introducing SS15 and BS) followed by flocculation (introducing BF) greatly promoted the removal of chroma (85.7% reduction), suspended solids (94.4% reduction), chemical oxygen demand (84.9% reduction), n-alkanes (50.0% reduction), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (66.5% reduction), respectively. The genome analysis showed that strain SS15 possessed abundant genes related to the synthesis of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid, which might play an important role in BF and BS synthesis. The findings in this study demonstrated that Bacillus sp. SS15 has promising prospect in the remediation of FFFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China; Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanghai Zhou
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lin
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Yanpeng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Qinglin Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | | | - Chaofeng Shen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Singh S, Pandey JP, Sen G. Microwave assisted synthesis of guar gum based biopolymeric macromolecule optimized as a flocculant for mineral ore processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:307-315. [PMID: 35961561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The research endeavour to synthesize a novel, non-toxic, eco-friendly guar gum based biopolymeric macromolecule, [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride grafted guar gum (GG-g-P (MAETMAC)) that has been optimized as a flocculant for mineral ore processing. The synthesis was performed using non-radiation and microwave assisted technique to compare and ensure the superiority of the latter. The intended grafting of monomer[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride on to the biological macromolecule (guar gum) was confirmed through standard physico-chemical characterization techniques namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity study, etc. The flocculation efficacy of the synthesized novel graft copolymer was thoroughly investigated in kaolin, coal fine, and iron ore suspensions. We have explored a graft copolymer, [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride grafted guar gum that has not been studied yet to the best of our knowledge. To establish the superiority of the synthesized biomaterial, the flocculation study revealed that the best grade of the synthesized novel graft copolymer showed flocculation efficacy of 90 % in kaolin, 69 % in Iron ore, and 29 % in coal fine suspensions which was significantly higher than using alum as a coagulant which provided 36 % efficacy in kaolin, 29 % in iron ore and 10 % in coal fine suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - J P Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gautam Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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17
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Review: Brine Solution: Current Status, Future Management and Technology Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Desalination brine is extremely concentrated saline water; it contains various salts, nutrients, heavy metals, organic contaminants, and microbial contaminants. Conventional disposal of desalination brine has negative impacts on natural and marine ecosystems that increase the levels of toxicity and salinity. These issues demand the development of brine management technologies that can lead to zero liquid discharge. Brine management can be productive by adopting economically feasible methodologies, which enables the recovery of valuable resources like freshwater, minerals, and energy. This review focuses on the recent advances in brine management using various membrane/thermal-based technologies and their applicability in water, mineral, and energy recoveries, considering their pros and cons. This review also exemplifies the hybrid processes for metal recovery and zero liquid discharge that may be adopted, so far, as an appropriate futuristic strategy. The data analyzed and outlook presented in this review could definitely contribute to the development of economically achievable future strategies for sustainable brine management.
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18
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Fe 3O 4-PEI Nanocomposites for Magnetic Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111786. [PMID: 35683642 PMCID: PMC9182367 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic separation of microalgae using magnetite is a promising harvesting method as it is fast, reliable, low cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. In the present work, magnetic harvesting of three green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea, and Auxenochlorella protothecoides) and one cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) has been studied. The biomass was flushed with clean air using a 0.22 μm filter and fed CO2 for accelerated growth and faster reach of the exponential growth phase. The microalgae were harvested with magnetite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by controlled co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations in ammonia at room temperature. Subsequently, the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The prepared materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, and zeta potential measurements. The prepared nanomaterials were used for magnetic harvesting of microalgae. The highest harvesting efficiencies were found for PEI-coated Fe3O4. The efficiency was pH-dependent. Higher harvesting efficiencies, up to 99%, were obtained in acidic solutions. The results show that magnetic harvesting can be significantly enhanced by PEI coating, as it increases the positive electrical charge of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, the flocculants can be prepared at room temperature, thereby reducing the production costs.
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19
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Aziz T, Ullah A, Ali A, Shabeer M, Shah MN, Haq F, Iqbal M, Ullah R, Khan FU. Manufactures of bio‐degradable and bio‐based polymers for bio‐materials in the pharmaceutical field. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou China
| | - Asmat Ullah
- School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Polymer Material, School of Material Science & Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem Shah
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Fazal Haq
- Department of Chemistry Gomal University D I Khan KPK Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Roh Ullah
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) Beijing China
| | - Farman Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry University of Science & Technology, Bannu KPK Pakistan
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20
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Chellasamy G, Kiriyanthan RM, Maharajan T, Radha A, Yun K. Remediation of microplastics using bionanomaterials: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112724. [PMID: 35026186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by microplastics (MPs) formed by the physicochemical breakdown of plastics are a worldwide issue with long-lasting and hazardous natural effects. The natural expulsion of MPs takes several years and can be dangerous. Several effective technological innovations have been developed over the years to remediate harmful MPs. Among them, a blend of nanotechnological techniques using bionanomaterials has been investigated to a large extent. The objective of this review is to compile the MPs found in the environment and bionanomaterial-based approaches for their removal. This information is important for researchers who are exploring the adverse consequences of MPs and their remediation and developing advanced eco-friendly strategies to control and eradicate MPs in the future. The control and eradication of MPs depend on all of us; hence, the proper awareness of MPs pollution must be provided to every individual, as all of us are a part of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chellasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, 683 104, Kerala, India
| | - A Radha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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21
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ALSamman MT, Sánchez J. Chitosan- and Alginate-Based Hydrogels for the Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081498. [PMID: 35458248 PMCID: PMC9025658 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hydrogel systems based on polyacrylamide/chitosan (PAAM/chitosan) or polyacrylic acid/alginate (PAA/alginate) were prepared, characterized, and applied to reduce the concentrations of dyes in water. These hydrogels were synthetized via a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) and then characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and their swelling capacities in water were measured. In the adsorption experiments, methylene blue (MB) was used as a cationic dye, and methyl orange (MO) was used as an anionic dye. The study was carried out using a successive batch method for the dye absorption process and an equilibrium system to investigate the adsorption of MO on PAAM/chitosan hydrogels and MB on PAA/alginate in separate experiments. The results showed that the target hydrogels were synthetized with high yield (more than 90%). The chemical structure of the hydrogels was corroborated by FTIR, and their high thermal stability was verified by TGA. The absorption of the MO dye was higher at pH 3.0 using PAAM/chitosan, and it had the ability to remove 43% of MO within 10 min using 0.05 g of hydrogel. The presence of interfering salts resulted in a 20–60% decrease in the absorption of MO. On the other hand, the absorption of the MB dye was higher at pH 8.5 using PAA/alginate, and it had the ability to remove 96% of MB within 10 min using 0.05 g of hydrogel, and its removal capacity was stable for interfering salts.
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22
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Abstract
Coal slurry is an essential component of mining operations, accounting for more than half of operating costs. Dewatering technology is simultaneously confronted with obstacles and possibilities, and it may yet be improved as the crucial step for reducing the ultimate processing cost. Coagulation/flocculation is used as a dewatering process that is reasonably cost-effective and user-friendly. This paper reviews application of different coagulants/flocculants and their combinations in dewatering mechanisms. In this context, various polymeric flocculants are discussed in the coal slurry in depth. Many operational parameters that influence the performance of coal slurry flocculation are also presented. Furthermore, a discussion is provided on the mechanism of flocculants’ interaction, the strategy of combining flocculants, and efficient selection methods of flocculants. Finally, coagulation/flocculation remaining challenges and technological improvements for the better development of highly efficient treatment methods were highlighted, focusing on the intricate composition of slurry and its treatment difficulties.
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23
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Campos-Silva C, Cáceres-Martell Y, Sánchez-Herrero E, Sandúa A, Beneitez-Martínez A, González Á, Provencio M, Romero A, Jara-Acevedo R, Yáñez-Mó M, Valés-Gómez M. A simple immunoassay for extracellular vesicle liquid biopsy in microliters of non-processed plasma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35135541 PMCID: PMC8822649 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by most cell types, provide an excellent source of biomarkers in biological fluids. However, in order to perform validation studies and screenings of patient samples, it is still necessary to develop general techniques permitting rapid handling of small amounts of biological samples from large numbers of donors. RESULTS Here we describe a method that, using just a few microliters of patient's plasma, identifies tumour markers exposed on EVs. Studying physico-chemical properties of EVs in solution, we demonstrate that they behave as stable colloidal suspensions and therefore, in immunocapture assays, many of them are unable to interact with a stationary functionalised surface. Using flocculation methods, like those used to destabilize colloids, we demonstrate that cationic polymers increase EV ζ-potential, diameter, and sedimentation coefficient and thus, allow a more efficient capture on antibody-coated surfaces by both ELISA and bead-assisted flow cytometry. These findings led to optimization of a protocol in microtiter plates allowing effective immunocapture of EVs, directly in plasma without previous ultracentrifugation or other EV enrichment. The method, easily adaptable to any laboratory, has been validated using plasma from lung cancer patients in which the epithelial cell marker EpCAM has been detected on EVs. CONCLUSIONS This optimized high throughput, easy to automate, technology allows screening of large numbers of patients to phenotype tumour markers in circulating EVs, breaking barriers for the validation of proposed EV biomarkers and the discovery of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campos-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Cáceres-Martell
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Sánchez-Herrero
- Laboratorio de Biopsia Líquida, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Sandúa
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro González
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Laboratorio de Biopsia Líquida, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Laboratorio de Biopsia Líquida, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM - Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Water-Soluble Starch-Based Copolymers Synthesized by Electron Beam Irradiation: Physicochemical and Functional Characterization. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031061. [PMID: 35161009 PMCID: PMC8839537 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modification of natural polymers for applications in the treatment of waste and surface waters is a continuous concern of researchers and technologists in close relation to the advantages they provide as related to classical polymeric flocculants. In this work, copolymers of starch-graft-polyacrylamide (St-g-PAM) were synthesized by electron beam irradiation used as the free radical initiator by applying different irradiation doses and dose rates. St-g-PAM loaded with ex situ prepared silver nanoparticles was also synthesized by using an accelerated electron beam. The graft copolymers were characterized by chemical analysis, rheology, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the level of grafting (monomer conversion coefficient and residual monomer concentration), intrinsic viscosity and thermal behavior (thermodynamic parameters) were influenced by the irradiation dose, dose rate and presence of silver nanoparticles. The flocculation performances of the synthesized copolymers were also tested on water from the meat industry in experiments at the laboratory level. In the coagulation–flocculation process, the copolymer aqueous solutions showed good efficiency to improve different water quality indicators.
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25
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Maćczak P, Kaczmarek H, Ziegler-Borowska M, Węgrzynowska-Drzymalska K, Burkowska-But A. The Use of Chitosan and Starch-Based Flocculants for Filter Backwash Water Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031056. [PMID: 35161001 PMCID: PMC8838026 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic aluminum or iron salts supported with synthetic polymers are commonly used to eradicate colloidal particles from water in coagulation and flocculation processes. Nevertheless, these agents have several disadvantages, such as large volumes of sludge produced or environmental toxicity. Recently biodegradable polymers have been suggested as eco-friendly flocculants for water treatment. This study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using starch and chitosan and their oxidized derivatives as flocculants for filter backwash water treatment. Dialdehyde starch (DST) and dialdehyde chitosan (DCT) were synthesized by periodate oxidization of natural starch from corn and low molecular weight chitosan. The obtained materials have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, we studied the flocculation properties of polysaccharide flocculants in a series of jar tests. The effectiveness of chitosan and starched-based flocculants was compared to synthetic polymers commonly used to treat iron ions-rich filter backwash water. The environmental aspects of these chemicals, particularly the biodegradability of post-flocculation residues, were also addressed. It was found that oxidized starch and chitosan derivatives can be used as ecological flocculating materials to treat potable water or sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Maćczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.-B.); (K.W.-D.)
- Water Supply and Sewage Enterprise LLC, Przemysłowa 4, 99-300 Kutno, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.-B.); (K.W.-D.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.-B.); (K.W.-D.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Burkowska-But
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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26
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Vandermeulen GWM, Boarino A, Klok H. Biodegradation of
water‐soluble
and
water‐dispersible
polymers for agricultural, consumer, and industrial applications—Challenges and opportunities for sustainable materials solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Boarino
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Harm‐Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD Lausanne Switzerland
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27
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Biopolymer in Wastewater Treatment. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Shaikh SM, Hassan MK, Nasser M, Sayadi S, Ayesh AI, Vasagar V. A comprehensive review on harvesting of microalgae using Polyacrylamide-Based Flocculants: Potentials and challenges. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Assessment of Coagulation–Flocculation Process Efficiency for the Natural Organic Matter Removal in Drinking Water Treatment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13213073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) represents a range of heterogeneous hydrophobic and hydrophilic components naturally occurring in the water source and, due to the fact that they can act as precursors for the disinfection, by-products may have a considerable impact on drinking water quality. Coagulation–flocculation (C/F) is among the most applied processes for NOM removal from water sources (especially rivers). In this study, C/F efficiency for a river water supply was investigated in cold and warm conditions, by varying the coagulant dose and mixing conditions. In this study, polyhydroxy aluminum chloride PAX XL 60, and polyacrylamide FloPam AN 910 SEP were used as coagulant and flocculant, respectively. Multiple water quality indicators were determined, such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and residual aluminum concentration. Some unconventional parameters relevant for NOM removal were also considered, like absorbance at 254 nm (A254), at 280 nm (A280), and at 365 nm (A365), as well as the ratios A254/DOC, A254/280, and A254/A365. After coagulation–flocculation, turbidity was completely removed in all the studied conditions. The DOC content was reduced by up to 22.65% at a low temperature and by up to 31.81% at a high temperature. After the addition of polyelectrolyte in cold conditions, the efficiency in terms of A254 increased by up to 37.4%, while the specific absorbance decreased. The high molecular weight NOM increased after C/F, based on the A254/A365 ratio. Chemometric analysis was employed in order to determine the effect of the coagulant dose on the process efficiency. The optimum coagulation–flocculation conditions were corroborated by means of the principal component analysis.
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30
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Marathe D, Singh A, Raghunathan K, Thawale P, Kumari K. Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land-based treatment as an emerging environment-friendly technology: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2461-2504. [PMID: 34453764 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Different industrial activities such as agro-food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land-based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Physico-chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land-based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Marathe
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anshika Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prashant Thawale
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kanchan Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Kolkata Zonal Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 107, India
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31
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High Removal Efficiency of Diatomite-Based X Zeolite for Cu 2+ and Zn 2. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216525. [PMID: 34772055 PMCID: PMC8585314 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diatomite-based X zeolite was obtained and its crystallinity, morphology, and interface properties were investigated by XRD, BET, SEM, EDS, and XRF. The obtained X zeolite possessed a unique meso-microporous structure and showed good ion exchange properties for Cu2+ and Zn2+. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model can best describe the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cu2+ and Zn2+, respectively. The maximal adsorption capacities of X zeolite for Cu2+ and Zn2+ were 146 and 195 mg/g at 323 K, respectively. Meanwhile, the adsorption process for Cu2+ and Zn2+ were chemical adsorption and ion exchange, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption data turned out to be an endothermic and spontaneous process. Compared with other reported materials, the adsorption capacity of X zeolite synthesized from diatomite was among the highest. Therefore, it could be a promising adsorbent for the disposal of wastewater that contains metal ions.
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32
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Sharma M, Aguado R, Murtinho D, Valente AJM, Ferreira PJT. Novel approach on the synthesis of starch betainate by transesterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1681-1689. [PMID: 34052268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transesterification of starch with methyl betainate was studied for the first time, both in aprotic media and in solid state, and both under alkaline and acidic conditions. Betaine hydrochloride was first esterified in methanol, attaining a conversion of 86%. Starch was then converted into starch betainate in either N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, and using sulfuric acid as catalyst or pre-activating the polymer in NaOH/ethanol. Furthermore, solid-state transesterification was carried out in a ball mill, for which sulfuric acid was replaced with the less corrosive sulfamic acid. Cationic starch esters were characterised by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, viscometry, optical microscopy (in water) and scanning electron microscopy (dry). In solution, the process attained degrees of substitution up to 0.4. No by-products, dehydration, oxidation or colouring were detected, but starch underwent severe depolymerization in wet media. In solid state, whilst the resulting degree of substitution was lower, degradation was minimal. In any case, transesterification, with its variety of possibilities, yields cationic starches that offer a promising alternative to conventional ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roberto Aguado
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Dina Murtinho
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J T Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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33
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Schmidt B, Kowalczyk K, Zielinska B. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061498. [PMID: 33803841 PMCID: PMC8003131 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbon nanofiller-based starch-g-polyacrylamide hybrid flocculation materials (St-PAM-CS) were in situ prepared using potato starch (St), acrylamide (AM), and hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (CSs; diameters of 300–400 nm). Structures of different St-PAM-CS systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and particle size analysis. The flocculation tests were evaluated by removing high turbidity kaolin suspension—initial absorbance 1.84. The effect of the St to AM molar ratio, doses, and content of CSs in hybrids on flocculation efficiency were examined. Satisfactory flocculation efficiency was obtained for all hybrids with 1 wt.% of the CS component. The highest reduction of the kaolin suspension absorbance (to 0.06) was observed for a 3 mL dose of the starch hybrid with the highest AM content. Additionally, St-PAM-CS showed a reduction in the sludge volume in time. The hybrids reached better flocculation efficiency in relation to the reference systems without CSs. The proposed flocculation mechanism (considering bridging, patching, and formation of hydrogen bonds) has been confirmed by the recorded results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91449-4749
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Beata Zielinska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
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34
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Yeap SP, Sum JY, Toh PY. Separation of Nano‐scaled Particles by Flocculation. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swee Pin Yeap
- UCSI University Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment 56000 Cheras Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jing Yao Sum
- UCSI University Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment 56000 Cheras Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pey Yi Toh
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Petrochemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology Kampar Malaysia
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35
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Zhao Z, Hurren C, Zhang M, Zhou L, Wu J, Sun L. In Situ Synthesis of a Double-Layer Chitosan Coating on Cotton Fabric to Improve the Color Fastness of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5365. [PMID: 33256124 PMCID: PMC7730442 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural dye's poor affinity for cotton and poor fastness properties still hinder its applications in the textile industry. In this study, a doubled-layered chitosan coating was cured on cotton fabric to serve as bio-mordant and form a protective layer on it. Under the optimal treatment conditions, the maximum qe (adsorption amount) of the natural dye sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) calculated from the Langmuir isothermal model was raised from 4.5 g/kg to 19.8 g/kg. The dye uptake of the treated fabric was improved from 22.7% to 96.4% at 1% o.w.f. dye concentration. By a second chitosan layer cured on the dyed fabric via the cross-linking method, the wash fastness of the cotton fabric dyed with SCC can be improved from 3 to 5 (ISO 105 C-06). The natural source of the biopolymer material, chitosan, and its ability to biodegrade at end of life met with the initial objective of green manufacturing in applying natural dyes and natural materials to the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhao
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (M.Z.)
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chris Hurren
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (M.Z.)
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Liming Zhou
- R&D Center, Guangdong Esquel Co. Ltd. Group, Foshan 528500, China;
| | - Jihong Wu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (M.Z.)
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
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