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Pereira M, Pinto J, Arteaga B, Guerra A, Jorge RN, Monteiro FJ, Salgado CL. A Comprehensive Look at In Vitro Angiogenesis Image Analysis Software. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17625. [PMID: 38139453 PMCID: PMC10743557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the complex challenges faced presently by tissue engineering (TE) is the development of vascularized constructs that accurately mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue in which they are inserted to promote vessel growth and, consequently, wound healing and tissue regeneration. TE technique is characterized by several stages, starting from the choice of cell culture and the more appropriate scaffold material that can adequately support and supply them with the necessary biological cues for microvessel development. The next step is to analyze the attained microvasculature, which is reliant on the available labeling and microscopy techniques to visualize the network, as well as metrics employed to characterize it. These are usually attained with the use of software, which has been cited in several works, although no clear standard procedure has been observed to promote the reproduction of the cell response analysis. The present review analyzes not only the various steps previously described in terms of the current standards for evaluation, but also surveys some of the available metrics and software used to quantify networks, along with the detection of analysis limitations and future improvements that could lead to considerable progress for angiogenesis evaluation and application in TE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Pinto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Belén Arteaga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Av. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guerra
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Renato Natal Jorge
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
- LAETA—Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- PCCC—Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Laranjo Salgado
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Yavvari P, Laporte A, Elomaa L, Schraufstetter F, Pacharzina I, Daberkow AD, Hoppensack A, Weinhart M. 3D-Cultured Vascular-Like Networks Enable Validation of Vascular Disruption Properties of Drugs In Vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:888492. [PMID: 35769106 PMCID: PMC9234334 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.888492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular-disrupting agents are an interesting class of anticancer compounds because of their combined mode of action in preventing new blood vessel formation and disruption of already existing vasculature in the immediate microenvironment of solid tumors. The validation of vascular disruption properties of these drugs in vitro is rarely addressed due to the lack of proper in vitro angiogenesis models comprising mature and long-lived vascular-like networks. We herein report an indirect coculture model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to form three-dimensional profuse vascular-like networks. HUVECs embedded and sandwiched in the collagen scaffold were cocultured with HDFs located outside the scaffold. The indirect coculture approach with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) producing HDFs triggered the formation of progressively maturing lumenized vascular-like networks of endothelial cells within less than 7 days, which have proven to be viably maintained in culture beyond day 21. Molecular weight-dependent Texas red-dextran permeability studies indicated high vascular barrier function of the generated networks. Their longevity allowed us to study the dose-dependent response upon treatment with the three known antiangiogenic and/or vascular disrupting agents brivanib, combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), and 6´-sialylgalactose (SG) via semi-quantitative brightfield and qualitative confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) image analysis. Compared to the reported data on in vivo efficacy of these drugs in terms of antiangiogenic and vascular disrupting effects, we observed similar trends with our 3D model, which are not reflected in conventional in vitro angiogenesis assays. High-vascular disruption under continuous treatment of the matured vascular-like network was observed at concentrations ≥3.5 ng·ml−1 for CA4P and ≥300 nM for brivanib. In contrast, SG failed to induce any significant vascular disruption in vitro. This advanced model of a 3D vascular-like network allows for testing single and combinational antiangiogenic and vascular disrupting effects with optimized dosing and may thus bridge the gap between the in vitro and in vivo experiments in validating hits from high-throughput screening. Moreover, the physiological 3D environment mimicking in vitro assay is not only highly relevant to in vivo studies linked to cancer but also to the field of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Laporte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Elomaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Inga Pacharzina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anke Hoppensack
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie Weinhart, ,
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Kong Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Wu L, Chen D, Su B, Liu D, Wang X. Silicon-substituted calcium phosphate promotes osteogenic-angiogenic coupling by activating the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:459-473. [PMID: 35623361 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-substituted calcium phosphate (Si-CaP) is a promising bioactive material for bone tissue engineering. The mechanism of Si-CaP regulates osteogenic-angiogenic coupling during bone regeneration has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we screened the targets of Si-CaP and osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. 83 common genes were regarded as key targets for Si-CaP regulation of the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. Then, we performed protein-protein interaction analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these 83 targets to further predict their molecular mechanism. Our results showed that Si-CaP treatment could regulate the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling by up-regulating the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and the phosphorylation of AKT which in turn activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promoting the expression of RUNX2, OPN, VEGF. In addition, we also found that TLR4 siRNA treatment could block the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, while inhibiting the promoting effect of Si-CaP. However, although LY294002 can achieve the same inhibitory effect as TLR4 siRNA by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, it could not affect the expression of TLR4. This indicates that TLR4 is an upstream activator of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results are highly consistent with the prediction of bioinformatics. In conclusion, we have elucidated the role of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling axis in Si-CaP mediated osteogenic-angiogenic coupling for the first time. This study provides new data onto the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of Si-CaP in the process of osteogenic-angiogenic coupling, which strongly supports its wide application for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Kong
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Three authors contributed equally to this work as co-first author
| | - Xin Zhang
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Three authors contributed equally to this work as co-first author
| | - Xinnan Ma
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Three authors contributed equally to this work as co-first author
| | - Leilei Wu
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dechun Chen
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Su
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Daqian Liu
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- 34707Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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A Comparative Study on the Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in 2D and 3D Culture. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081313. [PMID: 35455993 PMCID: PMC9029885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are capable of renewing the progenitor cell fraction or differentiating in a tissue-specific manner. Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-tissue-derived MSC (adMSC) is important in various pathological processes. Adipocytes and their progenitors are metabolically active and secrete molecules (adipokines) that have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Cell culturing in 2D is commonly used to study cellular responses, but the 2D environment does not reflect the structural situation for most cell types. Therefore, 3D culture systems have been developed to create an environment considered more physiological. Since knowledge about the effects of 3D cultivation on adipogenic differentiation is limited, we investigated its effects on adipogenic differentiation and adipokine release of adMSC (up to 28 days) and compared these with the effects in 2D. We demonstrated that cultivation conditions are crucial for cell behavior: in both 2D and 3D culture, adipogenic differentiation occurred only after specific stimulation. While the size and structure of adipogenically stimulated 3D spheroids remained stable during the experiment, the unstimulated spheroids showed signs of disintegration. Adipokine release was dependent on culture dimensionality; we found upregulated adiponectin and downregulated pro-inflammatory factors. Our findings are relevant for cell therapeutic applications of adMSC in complex, three-dimensionally arranged tissues.
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Heuer C, Preuß J, Habib T, Enders A, Bahnemann J. 3D printing in biotechnology-An insight into miniaturized and microfluidic systems for applications from cell culture to bioanalytics. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:744-759. [PMID: 36514534 PMCID: PMC9731604 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its invention in the 1980s, 3D printing has evolved into a versatile technique for the additive manufacturing of diverse objects and tools, using various materials. The relative flexibility, straightforwardness, and ability to enable rapid prototyping are tremendous advantages offered by this technique compared to conventional methods for miniaturized and microfluidic systems fabrication (such as soft lithography). The development of 3D printers exhibiting high printer resolution has enabled the fabrication of accurate miniaturized and microfluidic systems-which have, in turn, substantially reduced both device sizes and required sample volumes. Moreover, the continuing development of translucent, heat resistant, and biocompatible materials will make 3D printing more and more useful for applications in biotechnology in the coming years. Today, a wide variety of 3D-printed objects in biotechnology-ranging from miniaturized cultivation chambers to microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices for diagnostics-are already being deployed in labs across the world. This review explains the 3D printing technologies that are currently used to fabricate such miniaturized microfluidic devices, and also seeks to offer some insight into recent developments demonstrating the use of these tools for biotechnological applications such as cell culture, separation techniques, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | | | - Taieb Habib
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Anton Enders
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany,Cell Culture TechnologyFaculty of TechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
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Aranda Hernandez J, Heuer C, Bahnemann J, Szita N. Microfluidic Devices as Process Development Tools for Cellular Therapy Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 179:101-127. [PMID: 34410457 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies are creating a paradigm shift in the biomanufacturing industry. Particularly for autologous therapies, small-scale processing methods are better suited than the large-scale approaches that are traditionally employed in the industry. Current small-scale methods for manufacturing personalized cell therapies, however, are labour-intensive and involve a number of 'open events'. To overcome these challenges, new cell manufacturing platforms following a GMP-in-a-box concept have recently come on the market (GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice). These are closed automated systems with built-in pumps for fluid handling and sensors for in-process monitoring. At a much smaller scale, microfluidic devices exhibit many of the same features as current GMP-in-a-box systems. They are closed systems, fluids can be processed and manipulated, and sensors integrated for real-time detection of process variables. Fabricated from polymers, they can be made disposable, i.e. single-use. Furthermore, microfluidics offers exquisite spatiotemporal control over the cellular microenvironment, promising both reproducibility and control of outcomes. In this chapter, we consider the challenges in cell manufacturing, highlight recent advances of microfluidic devices for each of the main process steps, and summarize our findings on the current state of the art. As microfluidic cell culture devices have been reported for both adherent and suspension cell cultures, we report on devices for the key process steps, or unit operations, of both stem cell therapies and cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Heuer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Biochemical Engineering Department, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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Microfluidics in Biotechnology: Quo Vadis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 179:355-380. [PMID: 33495924 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The emerging technique of microfluidics offers new approaches for precisely controlling fluidic conditions on a small scale, while simultaneously facilitating data collection in both high-throughput and quantitative manners. As such, the so-called lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems have the potential to revolutionize the field of biotechnology. But what needs to happen in order to truly integrate them into routine biotechnological applications? In this chapter, some of the most promising applications of microfluidic technology within the field of biotechnology are surveyed, and a few strategies for overcoming current challenges posed by microfluidic LOC systems are examined. In addition, we also discuss the intensifying trend (across all biotechnology fields) of using point-of-use applications which is being facilitated by new technological achievements.
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