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Cojocaru VD, Dan A, Șerban N, Cojocaru EM, Zărnescu-Ivan N, Gălbinașu BM. Effect of Cold-Rolling Deformation on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Biocompatible Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Sn-Fe Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2312. [PMID: 38793379 PMCID: PMC11122836 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The primary focus of the current paper centers on the microstructures and mechanical properties exhibited by a Ti-30Nb-12Zr-5Ta-2Sn-1.25Fe (wt. %) (TNZTSF) alloy that has been produced through an intricate synthesis process comprising cold-crucible induction in levitation, carried out in an atmosphere controlled by argon, and cold-rolling deformation (CR), applying systematic adjustments in the total deformation degree (total applied thickness reduction), spanning from 10% to 60%. The microstructural characteristics of the processed specimens were investigated by SEM and XRD techniques, and the mechanical properties by tensile and microhardness testing. The collected data indicate that the TNZTSF alloy's microstructure, in the as-received condition, consists of a β-Ti phase, which shows polyhedral equiaxed grains with an average grain size close to 82.5 µm. During the cold-deformation processing, the microstructure accommodates the increased applied deformation degree by increasing crystal defects such as sub-grain boundaries, dislocation cells, dislocation lines, and other crystal defects, powerfully affecting the morphological characteristics. The as-received TNZTSF alloy showed both high strength (i.e., ultimate tensile strength close to σUTS = 705.6 MPa) and high ductility (i.e., elongation to fracture close to εf = 11.1%) properties, and the computed β-Ti phase had the lattice parameter a = 3.304(7) Å and the average lattice microstrain ε = 0.101(3)%, which are drastically influenced by the applied cold deformation, increasing the strength properties and decreasing the ductility properties due to the increased crystal defects density. Applying a deformation degree close to 60% leads to an ultimate tensile strength close to σUTS = 1192.1 MPa, an elongation to fracture close to εf = 7.9%, and an elastic modulus close to 54.9 GPa, while the computed β-Ti phase lattice parameter becomes a = 3.302(1) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Dănuț Cojocaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (A.D.); (N.Ș.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Alexandru Dan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (A.D.); (N.Ș.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Nicolae Șerban
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (A.D.); (N.Ș.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (A.D.); (N.Ș.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Nicoleta Zărnescu-Ivan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (A.D.); (N.Ș.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Bogdan Mihai Gălbinașu
- Dental Medicine Faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Díaz-Flores García V, Pimienta Vázquez MI, Tejedor B, Suárez A, Freire Y. Comparative study of torsional and bending stress in NiTi, graphene, and GUM metal endodontic files by finite element analysis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108017. [PMID: 38295470 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates the behavior of graphene and GUM in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance and torsion through a finite element analysis on a file with an eccentric rectangular cross section and variable taper, and on a file with a centered triangular cross section, constant taper, and constant pitch. METHODS Root canals and endodontic files were created using Catia V5R21 software. For torsional analysis, the tip of the file was fixed at 1 and 3 mm, and a moment of 2.5 N-mm was generated at the handle. For the bending analysis in curved canals (45° and 60°), the handle was kept fixed and a force of 1 N was applied at the tip while the file was kept fixed at 9 mm. RESULTS GUM metal instruments showed better torsional resistance. On the other hand, NiTi and graphene performed better under the applied loads during flexion at 45° and 60°. CONCLUSION GUM metal is emerging as a promising material in the field of endodontic instrument design due to its physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Díaz-Flores García
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Pimienta Vázquez
- Department of Clinic Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Tejedor
- Department of Clinic Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Freire
- Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
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Bîrsan DC, Gurău C, Marin FB, Stefănescu C, Gurău G. Modeling of Severe Plastic Deformation by HSHPT of As-Cast Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Fe-O Gum Alloy for Orthopedic Implant. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3188. [PMID: 37110023 PMCID: PMC10146787 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The High Speed High Pressure Torsion (HSHPT) is the severe plastic deformation method (SPD) designed for the grain refinement of hard-to-deform alloys, and it is able to produce large, rotationally complex shells. In this paper, the new bulk nanostructured Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Fe-O Gum metal was investigated using HSHPT. The biomaterial in the as-cast state was simultaneously compressed up to 1 GPa and torsion was applied with friction at a temperature that rose as a pulse in less than 15 s. The interaction between the compression, the torsion, and the intense friction that generates heat requires accurate 3D finite element simulation. Simufact Forming was employed to simulate severe plastic deformation of a shell blank for orthopedic implants using the advancing Patran Tetra elements and adaptable global meshing. The simulation was conducted by applying to the lower anvil a displacement of 4.2 mm in the z-direction and applying a rotational speed of 900 rpm to the upper anvil. The calculations show that the HSHPT accumulated a large plastic deformation strain in a very short time, leading to the desired shape and grain refinement.
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Dan A, Angelescu ML, Serban N, Cojocaru EM, Zarnescu-Ivan N, Cojocaru VD, Galbinasu BM. Evolution of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties during Cold-Rolling Deformation of a Biocompatible Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta Alloy. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103580. [PMID: 35629608 PMCID: PMC9143921 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Ti-32.9Nb-4.2Zr-7.5Ta (wt%) titanium alloy was produced by melting in a cold crucible induction in a levitation furnace, and then deforming by cold rolling, with progressive deformation degrees (thickness reduction), from 15% to 60%, in 15% increments. The microstructural characteristics of the specimens in as-received and cold-rolled conditions were determined by XRD and SEM microscopy, while the mechanical characteristics were obtained by tensile and microhardness testing. It was concluded that, in all cases, the Ti-32.9Nb-4.2Zr-7.5Ta (wt%) showed a bimodal microstructure consisting of Ti-β and Ti-α″ phases. Cold deformation induced significant changes in the microstructural and the mechanical properties, leading to grain-refinement, crystalline cell distortions and variations in the weight-fraction ratio of both Ti-β and Ti-α″ phases, as the applied degree of deformation increased from 15% to 60%. Changes in the mechanical properties were also observed: the strength properties (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and microhardness) increased, while the ductility properties (fracture strain and elastic modulus) decreased, as a result of variations in the weight-fraction ratio, the crystallite size and the strain hardening induced by the progressive cold deformation in the Ti-β and Ti-α″ phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Dan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Mariana Lucia Angelescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Nicolae Serban
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Nicoleta Zarnescu-Ivan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
| | - Vasile Danut Cojocaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (M.L.A.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.); (N.Z.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-95-31
| | - Bogdan Mihai Galbinasu
- Dental Medicine Faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Abstract
Metallic materials have been widely used as orthopedic implants in clinics for their good mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, but their slow osseointegration rate is still one of the main issues causing implantation failure. Grain refinement has recently attracted wide attention for its effective improvement of cell–material interaction for biometals. In this review, the surface and bulk grain refinement mode and the influence of grain size reduction of various metallic materials including titanium, stainless steel, magnesium, zirconium, tantalum, and their alloys as well as NiTi shape memory alloys on the cell responses is summarized in detail. It is hoped that this review could help biomaterials-related researchers to understand the grain refinement of metallic materials in a timely manner, thus boosting the development of biomedical metals for clinical use.
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Effects of Cold Rolling Deformation and Solution Treatment on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of a Biocompatible Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important requirements for a metallic biomaterial is the mechanical biocompatibility, which means excellent mechanical properties—high strength and fatigue strength, but low elastic modulus, to be mechanically harmonized with hard tissues. In order to improve the mechanical and biocompatible performance of the Ti-25.5Nb-4.5Ta-8.0Zr wt% alloy, the influence of cold plastic deformation and solution treatment on its properties were investigated. The Ti-25.5Nb-4.5Ta-8.0Zr wt% alloy was fabricated by melting in a cold crucible furnace (in levitation) and then subjected to several treatment schemes, which include cold rolling and different solution treatments. Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of specimens in as-cast and thermo-mechanically processed condition were determined by SEM microscopy and tensile testing, for different structural states: initial as-cast/as-received, cold rolled and solution treated at different temperatures (800, 900, and 1000 °C) and durations (5, 10, 15, and 20 min), with water quenching. It was concluded that both cold rolling and solution treatment have important positive effects on structural and mechanical properties of the biomaterial, increasing mechanical strength and decreasing the elastic modulus. Samples in different structural states were also corrosion tested and the results provided important information on determining the optimal processing scheme to obtain a high-performance biomaterial. The final processing route chosen consists of a cold rolling deformation with a total deformation degree of 60%, followed by a solution heat treatment at 900 °C with maintenance duration of 5 min and water quenching. By applying this thermo-mechanical processing scheme, the Ti-25.5Nb-4.5Ta-8.0Zr wt% alloy showed an elastic modulus of 56 GPa (5% higher than in the as-cast state), an ultimate tensile strength of 1004 MPa (41.8% higher than in the as-cast state), a yield strength of 718 MPa (40.6% higher than in the as-cast state), and increased corrosion resistance (the corrosion rate decreased by 50% compared to the as-cast state).
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Huang R, Hao Y, Pan Y, Pan C, Tang X, Huang L, Du C, Yue R, Cui D. Using a two-step method of surface mechanical attrition treatment and calcium ion implantation to promote the osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells as well as biomineralization on a β-titanium surface. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20037-20053. [PMID: 35919615 PMCID: PMC9277716 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of the SMAT technique and Ca-ion implantation produced a β-titanium alloy with a bioactive surface layer, which was proved to effectively promote the osteogenic activity of MSCs and Ca–P mineral deposition in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
- Anhui International Joint Research Center for Nano Carbon-based Materials and Environmental Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yufei Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yusong Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Chengling Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chao Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Rui Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Diansheng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China
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