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Injection Molding Simulation of Polyoxymethylene Using Crystallization Kinetics Data and Comparison with the Experimental Process. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2387752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the processing conditions in polymer processing have a high impact on the resulting material morphology and consequently the component’s mechanical behavior. However, especially for semicrystalline polymers, the tools available for predicting the final morphology of injection molding parts still have significant limitations. In order to investigate the potential of injection molding simulation for the prediction of the morphology, POM homopolymer specimens were injection molded. The crystallization kinetics data were measured, and simulations in 3D and 2.5D with and without crystallization analysis were conducted in Autodesk Moldflow. The simulations are found to be good accordance with the experiments. Predicted spherulite size and crystalline orientation factor reveal a good qualitative correlation with optical micrographs. Also, the evolution of these parameters along the flow path is plausible. The simulation is found to be a powerful tool for morphology prediction in polymeric parts. Its applicability, however, is still limited to 2.5D models in Autodesk Moldflow, which, of course, is insufficient for complex, thick-walled 3-dimensional parts.
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Christöfl P, Czibula C, Seidlhofer T, Berer M, Macher A, Helfer E, Schrank T, Oreski G, Teichert C, Pinter G. Morphological characterization of semi-crystalline POM using nanoindentation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1968122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Czibula
- Insitute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fiber Swelling, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tristan Seidlhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Fiber Swelling, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Eric Helfer
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Gerald Pinter
- Materials Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Gao Q, Huang H, Liu Y, Min M, Wang L. Structure and Properties of Polyoxymethylene/Silver/Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polyolefin Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1954. [PMID: 34208419 PMCID: PMC8231272 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles and maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin elastomer (MAH-g-POE) were used as enhancement additives to improve the performance of the polyoxymethylene (POM) homopolymer. Specifically, the POM/Ag/MAH-g-POE ternary nanocomposites with varying Ag nanoparticles and MAH-g-POE contents were prepared by a melt mixing method. The effects of the additives on the microstructure, thermal stability, crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of the ternary nanocomposites were studied. It was found that the MAH-g-POE played a role in the bridging of the Ag nanoparticles and POM matrix and improved the interfacial adhesion between the Ag nanoparticles and POM matrix, owing to the good compatibility between Ag/MAH-g-POE and the POM matrix. Moreover, it was found that the combined addition of Ag nanoparticles and MAH-g-POE significantly enhanced the thermal stability, crystallization properties, and mechanical properties of the POM/Ag/MAH-g-POE ternary nanocomposites. When the Ag/MAH-g-POE content was 1 wt.%, the tensile strength reached the maximum value of 54.78 MPa. In addition, when the Ag/MAH-g-POE content increased to 15wt.%, the elongation at break reached the maximum value of 64.02%. However, when the Ag/MAH-g-POE content further increased to 20 wt.%, the elongation at break decreased again, which could be attributed to the aggregation of excessive Ag nanoparticles forming local defects in the POM/Ag/MAH-g-POE ternary nanocomposites. Furthermore, when the Ag/MAH-g-POE content was 20 wt.%, the maximum decomposition temperature of POM/Ag/MAH-g-POE ternary nanocomposites was 398.22 °C, which was 71.39 °C higher than that of pure POM. However, compared with POM, the storage modulus of POM/Ag/MAH-g-POE ternary nanocomposites decreased with the Ag/MAH-g-POE content, because the MAH-g-POE elastomer could reduce the rigidity of POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
- Joint Laboratory for Open Sea Fishery Engineering, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Rope & Net, Hunan Xinhai Co., Ltd., Yiyang 413100, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
- Joint Laboratory for Open Sea Fishery Engineering, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Minghua Min
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
- Joint Laboratory for Open Sea Fishery Engineering, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
- Joint Laboratory for Open Sea Fishery Engineering, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Dlhý P, Poduška J, Berer M, Gosch A, Slávik O, Náhlík L, Hutař P. Crack Propagation Analysis of Compression Loaded Rolling Elements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102656. [PMID: 34069380 PMCID: PMC8158698 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The problem of crack propagation from internal defects in thermoplastic cylindrical bearing elements is addressed in this paper. The crack propagation in these elements takes place under mixed-mode conditions—i.e., all three possible loading modes (tensile opening mode I and shear opening modes II and III) of the crack are combined together. Moreover, their mutual relation changes during the rotation of the element. The dependency of the stress intensity factors on the crack length was described by general parametric equations. The model was then modified by adding a void to simulate the presence of a manufacturing defect. It was found that the influence of the void on the stress intensity factor values is quite high, but it fades with crack propagating further from the void. The effect of the friction between the crack faces was find negligible on stress intensity factor values. The results presented in this paper can be directly used for the calculation of bearing elements lifetime without complicated finite element simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Dlhý
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (O.S.); (L.N.); (P.H.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Poduška
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (O.S.); (L.N.); (P.H.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Berer
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Anja Gosch
- Material Science and Testing of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Straße 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Ondrej Slávik
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (O.S.); (L.N.); (P.H.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Náhlík
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (O.S.); (L.N.); (P.H.)
| | - Pavel Hutař
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.D.); (O.S.); (L.N.); (P.H.)
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