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Karahan M, Kiziltan Eliacik BB, Cagiral U, Iscan E, Ozhan G. Investigation of the biocompatibility of various pulp capping materials on zebrafish model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310996. [PMID: 39302990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Testing the biocompatibility of commercially available dental materials is a major challenge in dental material science. In the present study, the biocompatibility of four commercially available dental materials Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Oxford ActiveCal PC was investigated. The biocompatibility analysis was performed on zebrafish embryos and larvae using standard toxicity tests such as survivability and hatching rates. Comparative toxicity analysis of toxicity was performed by measuring apoptosis using acridine orange dye and whole mount immunofluorescence methods on zebrafish larvae exposed to the dental materials at different dilutions. Toxicity analysis showed a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates with increasing concentration of exposed materials. The results of the apoptosis assay with acridine orange showed greater biocompatibility of Biodentine, Oxford ActiveCal PC, Harvard BioCal-CAP and Biodentine compared to MTA, which was concentration dependent. Consequently, this study has shown that showed resin-modified calcium silicates are more biocompatible than traditional calcium silicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Karahan
- Hamidiye Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Basak Kiziltan Eliacik
- Hamidiye Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Cagiral
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Evin Iscan
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhou G, Zhao Y, Cai L, Liu L, Li X, Sun L, Deng J. Cytotoxicity and cell migration evaluation of a strontium silicate-based root canal sealer on stem cells from rat apical papilla: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1023. [PMID: 39215266 PMCID: PMC11365132 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium silicate-based bioceramics have been applied in endodontics as advantageous materials for years, many chemical components and new synthesizing methods were used to improve the base formulation of the materials for positively affecting the sealers properties. Recently, a novel biomaterial formulation, grounded in strontium silicate, has been introduced to the market, offering potential advancements in the field. OBJECTIVE To comparatively analyze the cytotoxicity and cell migration effects of a novel strontium silicate-based bioceramic material (CRoot SP) and those of calcium silicate-based (iRoot SP) and epoxide amine resin (AH Plus) sealers on stem cells derived from rat apical papilla(rSCAPs). METHODS rSCAPs were isolated and characterized in vitro and subsequently cultured in the presence of various concentrations of CRoot SP, iRoot SP and AH Plus extracts. Cytotoxicity was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and cell-migration capacity was assessed by using wound healing assays . RESULTS No significant differences in cell viability were observed in the 0.02 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL sealer groups. The cell viability of CRoot SP was consistently greater than that of iRoot SP at concentrations of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL across all time points. Maximum cytotoxic effect was noted on day 5 with 10 mg/mL AH Plus.The scratch was partly healed by cell migration in all groups at 24 h, and the 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.2 mg/mL CRoot SP exerted beneficial effects on rSCAPs migration. CONCLUSIONS CRoot SP exhibited less cytotoxic than the iRoot SP and AH Plus extracts after setting. A lower concentration of CRoot SP thus promotes the cell migration capacity of rSCAPs, and it may achieve better tissue repair during root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tanggu Stomatological Hospital, No. 171; Yongjiu Street, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Tanggu Stomatological Hospital, No. 171; Yongjiu Street, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Liangjing Cai
- Tanggu Stomatological Hospital, No. 171; Yongjiu Street, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Tanggu Stomatological Hospital, No. 171; Yongjiu Street, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xu Li
- Tanggu Stomatological Hospital, No. 171; Yongjiu Street, Binhai New Area, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Aka A, Matsuura T, Yoshimura A. An Evaluation of the Cytocompatibility of Endodontic Bioceramics in Human Periodontal-Ligament-Derived Cells. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:231. [PMID: 39194670 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15080231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the cytocompatibility of three endodontic bioceramics in human periodontal-ligament-derived cells (hPDLCs): MTA Repair HP (HP), MTA Flow White (F), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG multi (BG). In addition, we also evaluated the effect of the powder-liquid (paste) ratio of F and BG on cytocompatibility. Discs of endodontic bioceramics (diameter = 8 mm, thickness = 1 mm) were prepared with HP, F, and BG. hPDLCs obtained from extracted teeth and cultured for three to five passages were used in the experiment. The prepared discs were placed at the bottom of a 48-well plate, seeded with hPDLCs at 100,000 cells/well, cultured for 7 or 28 days, and subjected to a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. hPDLCs cultured without any discs were used as a negative control (NC) group. Discs made of F or BG mixed in three different consistencies were also used in this experiment. The absorbance values at days 7 and 28 were high in the order of HP > NC > BG > F. Furthermore, F or BG with higher consistency showed higher absorbance values. MTA Repair HP had the highest cytocompatibility among the three materials. Furthermore, it also showed that higher consistency improved cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Aka
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki City 852-8588, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki City 852-8588, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki City 852-8588, Nagasaki, Japan
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Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Malta CP, Santi SS, Barcelos RCS, Zanatta FB, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:345-359. [PMID: 38779200 PMCID: PMC11108423 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_24_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%-50% of the items and in vitro 60%-100%. The studies included in the meta-analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate-based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Samantha Simoni Santi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Son G, Seon GM, Choi SH, Yang HC. Effects of vehicles on the physical properties and biocompatibility of premixed calcium silicate cements. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:276-285. [PMID: 38447980 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Premixed calcium silicate cements (pCSCs) contain vehicles which endow fluidity and viscosity to CSCs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three vehicles, namely, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PG), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of pCSCs. The setting time, solubility, expansion rate, and mechanical strength of the pCSCs were evaluated, and the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates was assessed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The effects of pCSC extracts on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. Finally, the tissue compatibility of pCSCs in rat femurs was observed. CSC containing PEG (CSC-PEG) exhibited higher solubility and setting time, and CSC-DMSO showed the highest expansion rate and mechanical strength. All pCSCs generated calcium phosphate precipitates. The extract of CSC-PG induced the highest expressions of osteogenic markers along with the greatest calcium deposites. When implanted in rat femurs, CSC-PEG was absorbed considerably, whereas CSC-PG remained relatively unaltered inside the femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitae Son
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Gyeung Mi Seon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Sang Hoon Choi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Hyeong-Cheol Yang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Sanz JL, López-García S, García-Bernal D, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L, Lozano A, Murcia L. Comparative bioactivity and immunomodulatory potential of the new Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer: An in vitro study on hPDLSCs. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:195. [PMID: 38441709 PMCID: PMC10914906 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cytocompatibility, bioactivity, and anti-inflammatory potential of the new pre-mixed calcium silicate cement-based sealers Bioroot Flow (BrF) and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared to the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus (AHP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of BrF, AHPbcs and AHP after setting were prepared. The following assays were performed: cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound-healing assay, cytoskeleton organization via immunofluorescence staining; cytokine release via ELISA; osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT-qPCR, and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars from healthy patients. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS Both BrF and AHPbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell metabolic activity, migration, attachment, morphology, and cytoskeleton organization) compared with a negative control group, while AHP showed significant negative results. BrF exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/cementogenic marker compared to the negative and positive control groups. BrF showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than AHPbcs, the negative and positive control groups, while AHPbcs was higher than the negative control group. Both were also significantly higher than AHP group. CONCLUSION BrF and AHPbcs exhibit adequate and comparable cytocompatibility on hPDLSCs. BrF also promoted the osteo/cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Both calcium silicate-based sealers favored the downregulation of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the calcified nodule formation from hPDLSCs. BrF exerted a significantly higher influence on cell mineralization than AHPbcs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study to elucidate the biological properties and immunomodulatory potential of Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. The results act as supporting evidence for their use in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
- School of Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer2 Pl.Av. Marqués de los Vélez, S/NUniversity of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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de Almeida-Junior LA, de Campos Chaves Lamarque G, Herrera H, Arnez MFM, Lorencetti-Silva F, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Paula-Silva FWG. Analysis of the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus ® sealers in pre-osteoblast lineage cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:262. [PMID: 38389110 PMCID: PMC10882839 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various endodontic sealers (CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus®) in pre-osteoblast mouse cells (MC3T3 cells). METHODS MC3T3 cells (ATCC CRL-2594) were plated in 1 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates in contact with endodontic sealers at concentrations of 1:10 and 1:100. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 and 48 h. In addition, sealer bioactivity was measured by RT-PCR for mediator of inflammation (Tnf, Ptgs2) and mineralization (Runx2, Msx1, Ssp1 and Dmp1) after 24 h and by Alizarin Red S Assay of mineralization after 28 days. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's post-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BioRoot™ presented 24-hour cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) at 1:10 concentration. In the period of 48 h, no endodontic cement was cytotoxic to the cells compared to the control (p > 0.05). TNF-α gene expression was induced by AH Plus® (p < 0.05), while Ptgs2 was induced by the CeraSeal and BioRoot™ (p < 0.05). The expression of Runx2 was stimulated by BioRoot™ and AH Plus® (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of Dmp-1 Dmp1 was higher for the CeraSeal and BioRoot™ (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the sealers did not impact the formation of mineralization nodules (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus® sealers were not cytotoxic to MC3T3 cells within 48 h, but differentially induced the expression of genes related to inflammation and mineralization without impacting biomineralization by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Aparecido de Almeida-Junior
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Giuliana de Campos Chaves Lamarque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Henry Herrera
- Universidad Católica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil.
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Malta CP, Barcelos RCS, Fernandes PS, Martins MO, Sagrillo MR, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. In silico toxicity and immunological interactions of components of calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:148. [PMID: 38353803 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine in silico toxicity predictions of test compounds from hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) and AH Plus and computationally simulate the interaction between these substances and mediators of periapical inflammation via molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS All chemical information of the test compounds was obtained from the PubChem site. Predictions for bioavailability and toxicity analyses were determined by the Molinspiration Cheminformatics, pkCSM, ProTox-II and OSIRIS Property Explorer platforms. Molecular docking was performed using the Autodock4 AMDock v.1.5.2 program to analyse interactions between proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) and ligands (calcium silicate hydrate, zirconium oxide, bisphenol-A epoxy resin, dibenzylamine, iron oxide and calcium tungstate) to establish the affinity and bonding mode between systems. RESULTS Bisphenol-A epoxy resin had the lowest maximum dose tolerated in humans and was the test compound with the largest number of toxicological properties (hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity and irritant). All systems had favourable molecular docking. However, the ligands bisphenol-A epoxy resin and dibenzylamine had the greatest affinity with the cytokines tested. CONCLUSION In silico predictions and molecular docking pointed the higher toxicity and greater interaction with mediators of periapical inflammation of the main test compounds from AH Plus compared to those from HCSBS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first in silico study involving endodontic materials and may serve as the basis for further research that can generate more data, producing knowledge on the interference of each chemical compound in the composition of different root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Cristine Silva Barcelos
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Schramm Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Mirkos Ortiz Martins
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Michele Rorato Sagrillo
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Nguyen LCH, Pham LNG, Van Pham K, Nguyen MD, Ngo LTQ. Cytocompatibility and cell migration evaluation of calcium silicate-based root canal sealer compared to epoxide-amine resin sealer in stem cells from human apical papilla: An in-vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:554-562. [PMID: 37537929 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a calcium silicate-based sealers (CeraSeal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on cytotoxicity and cell migration of stem cell from the human apical papilla (hSCAPs) by using the Alamar Blue, Annexin V-FICT and wound healing assays. In Alamar Blue assay, hSCAPs exposed to undiluted CeraSeal extract had significantly higher cell viability compared with that observed when cells were treated with AH Plus in all experimental period (p < 0.001). The flow cytometry analysis confirmed the comparison on viable cells and indicated that AH Plus increased apoptosis compared to CeraSeal and the control groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, AH Plus exhibited significantly lower level of cell migration than CeraSeal and the control for up to 48 h observation (p < 0.01). In summary, calcium silicate-based sealer (CeraSeal) is less cytotoxic and more biocompatible than epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Cao Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Odonto - Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Nguyen Gia Pham
- Odonto - Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Khoa Van Pham
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- Odonto - Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Quynh Ngo
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Bae KB, Choi Y, Lee BN, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Hwang YC. A comparison of osteogenic effect of newly manufactured calcium silicate-based sealers in vitro. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:860-867. [PMID: 37914232 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of different calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (CSRS) on osteogenic effect in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). hPDLCs were cultured in a medium containing extract of 5 types of CSRS. The specimens were assessed by the cell cytotoxicity test, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diluted concentrations of extracted solutions had no significant effect on the viability of hPDLCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) among some groups. The protein expressions of BSP, OCN, and RUNX2 were significantly higher in some groups compared to the control group. The CSRS did not interfere with the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, compared to the control group. CSRS are shown to have biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation effect on hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yoorina Choi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
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12
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Jeon MJ, Ko H, Shin SJ, Kim M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of various types of endodontic sealers in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:774-779. [PMID: 37793827 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of five endodontic sealers (AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, Sealapex, and Zinc oxide eugenol) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to check cell viability at 1, 3, and 7 days. Genotoxicity was assessed by cytokinesis-block micronucleus, single-cell gel electrophoresis, and γH2AX immunofluorescence assays. Cell viability of all endodontic sealers, except Endoseal MTA, on day 1 was less than 100%. Endoseal MTA showed the highest cell viability on day 7. AH Plus and Endoseal MTA showed less DNA damage than other sealers. After complete setting, AH Plus and Endoseal MTA showed low genotoxicity, which could reduce DNA damage in periapical cells, making them suitable as endodontic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Jeon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Hyunjung Ko
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center
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Saber SM, Gomaa SM, Elashiry MM, El-Banna A, Schäfer E. Comparative biological properties of resin-free and resin-based calcium silicate-based endodontic repair materials on human periodontal ligament stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6757-6768. [PMID: 37796335 PMCID: PMC10630253 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of three different calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on the biological behavior of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS Eluates of Biodentine, NeoPutty and TheraCal PT prepared at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios were extracted under sterile conditions. The cytotoxicity of the extracts to the hPDLSCs was assessed using the MTT assay. Scratch wound healing assay was utilized for assessing cell migration. Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect cell attachment and morphology. Calcium ion release was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; the pH-value was evaluated with a pH-meter. ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly higher for Biodentine and NeoPutty at day 1 with all dilutions (p < 0.05), while at day 3 and day 7 with dilutions 1:2 and 1:4; all materials showed similar behavior (p > 0.05). Biodentine had the highest percentage of cell migration into the scratched area at day 1 for all dilutions (p < 0.05). Stem cells were attached favorably on Biodentine and NeoPutty with evident spreading, and intercellular communications; however, this was not shown for TheraCal PT. Biodentine showed the highest pH values and calcium ion release (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The resin-free CSBM showed better performance and favorable biological effects on hPDLSCs and were therefore considered promising for usage as endodontic repair materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Proper selection of materials with favorable impact on the host stem cells is crucial to ensure outcome in different clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin M Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Gomaa
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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14
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Kandemir Demirci G, Çöven FO, Güneri P, Karavana SY, Nalbantsoy A, Köse T, Kaval ME. The solubility, pH value, chemical structure, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5413-5425. [PMID: 37486382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate solubility, pH value, chemical structure, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity of AH Plus BC, TotalFill BC, AH Plus, and AH Plus Jet sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity analysis with direct and extraction tests at 3 different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 v/v%) and time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) on Saos-2, PdLF, and THP-1 cell lines, chemical structure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, solubility, pH, and radiopacity values of AH Plus BC, TotalFill BC, AH Plus, and AH Plus Jet were evaluated. For statistical analyses of the groups, repeated measures, factorial, and one-way ANOVA tests were used. The statistical significance level was set at p < .05. RESULTS Resin-based sealers showed higher cytotoxicity values than the bioceramic-based sealers (p < 0.05). Time and concentrations were effective on the cell viabilities for cell lines. Higher peaks of calcium were detected bioceramic-based sealers and higher amount of zirconium was detected in AH Plus BC (p < 0.05). AH Plus BC showed similar radiopacity value with AH Plus, AH Plus Jet, whereas TotalFill BC showed the lowest radiopacity (p < 0.05). Bioceramic-based sealers had higher pH values in all experiment periods, and the difference between resin- and bioceramic-based sealer groups was significant (p < 0.05). However, the solubility values of the tested root canal sealers revealed no differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The newly produced AH Plus BC Sealer showed similar properties with TotalFill BC, and their biological properties were better than AH Plus and AH Plus Jet. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AH Plus BC could be a possible alternative to other bioceramic- or resin-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Furkan Ozan Çöven
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yaprak Karavana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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López-García S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Sanz JL, Forner L, Pecci-Lloret MP, Lozano A, Murcia L, Sánchez-Bautista S, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Biological properties of Ceraputty as a retrograde filling material: an in vitro study on hPDLSCs. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4233-4243. [PMID: 37126146 PMCID: PMC10415505 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate-based cement Ceraputty on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared to Biodentine and Endosequence BC root repair material (ERRM). MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars from healthy donors. Standardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM-EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT-qPCR, and cell calcified nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned or osteogenic media were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest Ca2+ peak was detected from Biodentine samples, followed by ERRM and Ceraputty. hPDLSC viability was significantly reduced in Ceraputty samples (p < 0.001), while 1:2 and 1:4 Biodentine and ERRM samples similar results to that of the negative control (p > 0.05). Biodentine and ERRM exhibited an upregulation of at least one cemento/odonto/osteogenic marker compared to the negative and positive control groups. Cells cultured with Biodentine produced a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than ERRM and Ceraputty (p < 0.001), which were also higher than the control groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Ceraputty evidenced a reduced cytocompatibility towards hPDLSCs on its lowest dilutions compared to the other tested cements and the control group. Biodentine and ERRM promoted a significantly higher mineralization and osteo/cementogenic marker expression on hPDLSCs compared with Ceraputty. Further studies are necessary to verify the biological properties of this new material and its adequacy as a retrograde filling material. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study to elucidate the adequate biological properties of Ceraputty for its use as a retrograde filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Bautista
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo E Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Shokrzadeh M, Motafeghi FS, Lotfizadeh A, Ghorbani M, Haddadi Kohsar A. Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4376579. [PMID: 37293576 PMCID: PMC10247329 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4376579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials, specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26). Materials and Methods In this experiment, the cytotoxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin red staining assay. Prism, ver.3, software was used to perform statistical tests. One-way analysis of variance analysis, followed by Tukey's test, was used to determine the group differences. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually (P < 0.0001). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P < 0.001). In terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two-calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity (P < 0.0001). Among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two-calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by Endoseal MTA was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anahita Lotfizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Azam Haddadi Kohsar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Kwak SW, Koo J, Song M, Jang IH, Gambarini G, Kim HC. Physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of various bioceramic root canal sealers: in vitro study. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00283-2. [PMID: 37225037 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of various calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers (CSBSs). METHODS Four recently developed CSBSs, including AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHB), EndoSequence BC Sealer (ESB), TotalFill BC Sealer (TTB), and Bio-C Sealer (BIC), were compared with the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus (AHP). Their physical properties, including flow, setting time, radiopacity, dimensional stability, and pH, were evaluated according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876. Their cytotoxicity in human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) was assessed through the MTT assay and compared. Additionally, cell attachment to the sealer surface was analysed using green fluorescent protein and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate cell viability. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance to determine the difference between groups for categorical variables, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test at the significance level of 95%. RESULTS The flow, setting time, and radiopacity of all tested CSBSs satisfied the ISO 6876/2012 standards. Further, these CSBS showed shrinkage after immersion in distilled water for 30 days and complied with the ISO 6876/2001 requirements. The pH of AHB, ESB, TTB, and BIC was greater than 11 whereas AHP had a pH of 6.69 after 4 weeks. CSBS showed excellent biocompatibility compared with that of AHP (P < .05). CLSM showed that alive hPDLFs were attached well to all the tested CSBS but not to AHP. CONCLUSIONS CSBS have similar physical characteristics within the ISO standards and higher biocompatibility than epoxy resin-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea; Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jina Koo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gianluca Gambarini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea; Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.
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Saber S, Raafat S, Elashiry M, El-Banna A, Schäfer E. Effect of Different Sealers on the Cytocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062344. [PMID: 36983344 PMCID: PMC10056919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is tendency for unavoidable sealer extrusion in some clinical cases. This might adversely affect host stem cells and affect healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sealers on the cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods: The cytotoxic effect of the extracted elutes of VDW.1Seal (VDW.1), Endosequence BC Sealer HiFlow (ES), GuttaFlow-2 (GF), and ADSeal (AD-S) on the hPDLSCs was determined using the MTT assay. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by the scratch wound healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed. Measurement of pH values and calcium ions release was performed. Results: GF had a significantly higher percentage of viable cells. The cell migration assay showed that GF demonstrated the lowest open wound area percentage. GF and AD-S showed the highest calcium nodule deposition. GF demonstrated higher ALP activity than ES. Expression of RUNX2 and OC genes was similar for all sealers, while OPG gene expression was significantly higher for VDW.1 and GF. ES and AD-S displayed the highest pH values on day 1. Calcium ion release of ES and VDW.1 was significantly the highest. Conclusions: GuttaFlow-2 and VDW.1Seal sealers have favorable behavior toward host stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shereen Raafat
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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Kumar A, Kour S, Kaul S, Malik A, Dhani R, Kaul R. Cytotoxicity evaluation of Bio-C, CeraSeal, MTA - Fillapex, and AH Plus root canal sealers by microscopic and 3-(4, 5 dimethythiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:73-78. [PMID: 36908731 PMCID: PMC10003288 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_320_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effect of calcium silicate-based Bio-C, CeraSeal, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based (MTA-Fillapex) sealers to a widely used resin-based sealer (AH Plus) using 3-(4, 5 dimethythiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and microscopic examination. Materials and Methods A total of (n = 36) samples divided into four groups with three sealer samples per time period of 0 h, 24 h, and 7 days after mixing were extracted in cell culture medium using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium. The cytotoxicity of these sealers was evaluated using an MTT assay on L929 mouse fibroblasts, and changes in the cell morphology were observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope (×20). The values obtained were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc, and Bonferroni's test. Results Bio-C and CeraSeal showed a reduction in cytotoxicity from severe at 0 h to no cytotoxicity at 24 h and 7 day time period. AH Plus showed severe cytotoxicity at all time periods. MTA-Fillapex showed severe cytotoxicity at 0 h which decreased to moderate at 24 h and 7 days. The differences between groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The sealers with resin constituents (AH Plus and MTA-Fillapex) showed severe-to-moderate cytotoxicity at different time periods, whereas calcium silicate-based sealers (Bio-C and CeraSeal) were relatively biocompatible as their cytotoxicity decreased significantly from severe initially to noncytotoxic with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sukhbir Kour
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shalan Kaul
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Azhar Malik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rachna Dhani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rudra Kaul
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Bioactivity Potential of Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Scoping Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111853. [PMID: 36430988 PMCID: PMC9697500 DOI: 10.3390/life12111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioceramic-based root canal sealers are novel materials with a bioactivity potential that stands out compared with conventional root canal sealers. However, the term bioactivity may be overused and is often misunderstood. Hence, the objective of this study was to synthesize and map key concepts related to the bioactivity analysis of bioceramic-based root canal sealers. METHODS The present scoping review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Statement and is registered in the Open Science Framework. Two blinded reviewers carried out a comprehensive search in six databases up to January 10th, 2022: MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs/BBO. Eligibility was considered for in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluated the bioactivity potential of bioceramic-based root canal sealers. RESULTS A total of 53 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated through the mineralization potential, formation of carbonated apatite on the surface, and the gene expression related to proteins involved in the mineralization process. Meanwhile, for in vivo studies, staining techniques associated with immunohistochemical tests were mainly used to detect mineralization on the material-host tissue interface. CONCLUSIONS According to the methodology used, the most prevalent methods to assess bioactivity in acellular form were the immersion of the material in Hank's balanced salt solution, followed by surface observation with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. In cell cultures, the chosen method was usually Alizarin Red staining, followed by the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity and the use of molecular biology tests.
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Kim Y, Lee D, Kye M, Ha YJ, Kim SY. Biocompatible Properties and Mineralization Potential of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Cements and Fast-Set Calcium Silicate-Based Cements on Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7595. [PMID: 36363187 PMCID: PMC9654067 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Premixed calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and fast-set CSCs were developed for the convenience of retrograde filling during endodontic microsurgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the biocompatible properties and mineralization potential of premixed CSCs, such as Endocem MTA Premixed (EM Premixed) and EndoSequence BC RRM putty (EndoSequence), and fast-set RetroMTA on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) compared to ProRoot MTA. Using CCK-8, a significantly higher proliferation of BMSCs occurred only in the EM Premixed group on days 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). On day 6, the ProRoot MTA group had significantly higher cell proliferation than the control group (p < 0.05). Regardless of the experimental materials, all groups had complete cell migration by day 4. Alizarin Red-S staining and alkaline phosphatase assay demonstrated higher mineralization potential of all CSCs similar to ProRoot MTA (p < 0.05). The EndoSequence group showed more upregulation of SMAD1 and OSX gene expression than the other experimental groups (p < 0.05), and all experimental cements upregulated osteogenic gene expression more than the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, using premixed CSCs and fast-set CSCs as retrograde filling cements may facilitate satisfactory biological responses and comparable osteogenic potential to ProRoot MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kye
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yun-Jae Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sin-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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22
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Radwanski M, Leski M, Puszkarz AK, Sokolowski J, Hardan L, Bourgi R, Sauro S, Lukomska-Szymanska M. A Micro-CT Analysis of Initial and Long-Term Pores Volume and Porosity of Bioactive Endodontic Sealers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2403. [PMID: 36289666 PMCID: PMC9599172 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the porosities within the interface of root canals obturated with endodontics materials is extremely important for the long-term success of endodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to compare initial and long-term volume of pores (total, open, closed) and porosity (total, regional) of three bioactive endodontic sealers: GuttaFlow Bioseal, Total Fill BC Sealer, and BioRoot RCS. Root canals were obturated with three “bioactive” sealers using the single-cone technique. The volume of open and closed pores and porosity were calculated using a micro-computed tomography (MCT) method. The measurements were performed after 7 days (initial) and after 6 months (long-term) of incubation. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The total volume of pores remained unchanged after the 6-month storage. GuttaFlow Bioseal exhibited significantly higher long-term volume in open pores than Total Fill BC Sealer. The total porosity in all the tested sealers presented no statistically significant change after the 6-month storage, except for BioRoot RCS. The total porosity values of this latter material significantly increased after long-term incubation, especially in the apical region. In conclusion, the use of bioactive sealers with excessive tendency to create porosities both in shorth- and long-term periods of storage may compromise the long-term success of endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Leski
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam K. Puszkarz
- Institute of Material Science of Textiles and Polymer Composites, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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KOHSAR AH, HASANI M, KARAMI M, MOOSAZADEH M, DASHTI A, SHIVA A. Subcutaneous Tissue Response to Adseal and Sure-Seal Root Sealers in Rats: a Histopathological Study. MAEDICA 2022; 17:654-661. [PMID: 36540595 PMCID: PMC9720645 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.3.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and objectives: One of the essential phases of root canal treatment is root canal obturation. Solid or semi-solid materials are the most common obturating materials (paste or softened form). Sealer is a biomaterial that enables the sealing process to be carried. This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory response to Adseal sealer and Sure-Seal Root sealer in rats. Materials and methods:This experimental study was conducted on 28 Wistar rats that were divided into four groups of seven animals per group based on four time periods (7, 14, 30 and 60 days). Each rat received subcutaneous implants containing Adseal sealer (Meta Biomed, Cheongju, Korea) and Sure-Seal Root sealer (Sure Dent Corporation, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) tubes as well as an empty tube as a control. After the insertion of the tubes, the first to fourth groups were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 30 and 60, respectively, by injecting a high dose of anesthetics. Subsequently, the histopathologic features of the samples were investigated. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using Freidman, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:On day 7, the severity of inflammation was higher in the Adseal sealer and Sure-Seal Root sealer groups compared to the control group. Moreover, on day 14, the level of inflammation was higher in the Sure-Seal Root sealer group than the Adseal sealer and control groups. In addition, on days 30 and 60, the severity of inflammation was similar in both the case and control groups and decreased in all samples. Formation of granulation tissue was observed in all samples on day 14. There was fibrosis tissue in the Sure-Seal Root sealer samples (71.4%) on day 60; however, no fibrosis tissue was observed in the Adseal sealer and control groups. Conclusion:It is concluded that the Sure-Seal Root sealer might lead to a more inflammatory response compared to the Ad Seal sealer. However, due to decreasing inflammation in sealers over time, both sealers are biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Haddadi KOHSAR
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad KARAMI
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood MOOSAZADEH
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayat DASHTI
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Atena SHIVA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Sanz JL, López‐García S, Rodríguez‐Lozano FJ, Melo M, Lozano A, Llena C, Forner L. Cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer: an
in vitro
study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1066-1080. [PMID: 35950780 PMCID: PMC9541143 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate cement‐based sealer AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared with the epoxy resin‐based sealer AH Plus (AHP) and the calcium silicate cement‐based sealer Endosequence BC Sealer (ESbcs). Methodology Standardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM–EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound‐healing assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT‐qPCR and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < .05. Results A higher peak of Ca2+ was detected from ESbcs compared with AHPbcs and AHP in SEM–EDX. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell viability, migration/proliferation, attachment and morphology) compared with a negative control group, whilst AHP showed significant negative results. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/odonto/cementogenic marker compared with the negative and positive control groups. Both ESbcs and AHPbcs showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than the negative and positive control groups, indicative of their biomineralization potential and were also significantly higher than AHP group. Conclusion AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer exhibited a significantly higher cytocompatibility and bioactive potential than AH Plus and a similar cytocompatibility to that of Endosequence BC Sealer. Endosequence BC Sealer exhibited a significantly higher mineralization potential than the other tested sealers. The results from this in vitro study act as supporting evidence for the use of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Sergio López‐García
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez‐Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
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Camilleri J, Atmeh A, Li X, Meschi N. Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:710-777. [PMID: 35167119 PMCID: PMC9314068 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydraulic materials are used in Endodontics due to their hydration characteristics namely the formation of calcium hydroxide when mixing with water and also because of their hydraulic properties. These materials are presented in various consistencies and delivery methods. They are composed primarily of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate, and also include a radiopacifier, additives and an aqueous or a non-aqueous vehicle. Only materials whose primary reaction is with water can be classified as hydraulic. OBJECTIVES Review of the classification of hydraulic materials by Camilleri and the literature pertaining to specific uses of hydraulic cements in endodontics namely intra-coronal, intra-radicular and extra-radicular. Review of the literature on the material properties linked to specific uses providing the current status of these materials after which future trends and gaps in knowledge could be identified. METHODS The literature was reviewed using PUBMED, and for each clinical use, the in vitro properties such as physical, chemical, biological and antimicrobial characteristics and clinical data were extracted and evaluated. RESULTS A large number of publications were retrieved for each clinical use and these were grouped depending on the property type being investigated. CONCLUSIONS The hydraulic cements have made a difference in clinical outcomes. The main shortcoming is the poor testing methodologies employed which provide very limited information and also inhibits adequate clinical translation. Furthermore, the clinical protocols need to be updated to enable the materials to be employed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette Camilleri
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Amre Atmeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU)DubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT – Biomaterials Research GroupKU Leuven and DentistryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT – Biomaterials Research GroupKU Leuven and DentistryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Biocompatibility of a New Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Mediated via the Modulation of Macrophage Polarization in a Rat Model. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051962. [PMID: 35269193 PMCID: PMC8911908 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA) has recently been introduced in clinical applications. Thus, the aims of the present study are to determine its biocompatibility in vivo and to examine its ability to drive macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. (2) Methods: HiFlow was implanted into rat connective tissue for 7, 30 and 150 days. The microstructures and elemental compositions were determined by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Hematoxylin–eosin, immunofluorescence, RT–qPCR and flow cytometry were used to elucidate the effects on inflammatory responses and macrophage polarization. (3) Results: SEM-EDX revealed the formation of surface hydroxyapatite crystal layers. Histological evaluation showed that HiFlow exhibited long-term biocompatibility because it decreased inflammatory responses and reduced the number of macrophages over time; however, tissue necrosis was observed in all the groups. RT–qPCR verified that HiFlow regulated the expression of inflammatory factors to inhibit the inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence analysis performed on in vivo samples revealed that HiFlow promoted M2-like macrophage polarization, and these results were confirmed by flow cytometry in vitro. (4) Conclusion: After 150 days of investigation, HiFlow was considered biologically acceptable, and the formation of apatite crystal layers and the promotion of M2-like macrophage polarization may contribute to its favorable biocompatibility.
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Pedrosa MDS, Alves T, Rahhal JG, Nogueira FN, Sipert CR. Cytotoxicity of Reparative Endodontic Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Jin HR, Jang YE, Kim Y. Comparison of Obturation Quality between Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers and Resin-Based Sealers for Endodontic Re-treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:72. [PMID: 35009220 PMCID: PMC8745997 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)-based study was to compare the filling quality of endodontic treatment and endodontic Re-treatment between two sealers with matched obturation techniques: calcium silicate-based sealer (Endoseal TCS) with a single-cone technique (SCT) and resin-based sealer (AH Plus) with a continuous wave technique (CWT). METHODS Forty maxillary premolars were selected and assigned into four groups, according to the obturation methods of the first endodontic treatment and Re-treatment (n = 10). The AP/AP group was first treated with AH Plus/CWT, then re-treated with AH Plus/CWT. The AP/ET group was first treated with AH Plus/CWT, then re-treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT. The ET/AP group was first treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT, then re-treated with AH Plus/CWT, and the ET/ET group was first treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT, then re-treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT. The specimens were scanned using micro-CT at three time points: after the first endodontic treatment, after gutta-percha (GP) cone removal, and after Re-treatment. The void volume of root canal obturation and the volume of the remaining filling materials were calculated. Data were analyzed using Student's t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS The Endoseal TCS groups (ET/AP and ET/ET) showed a lower percentage of voids than the AH plus groups (AP/AP and AP/ET) on the whole canal and the apical third, after first obturation (p < 0.05). The AH plus group showed significantly fewer remnants than the Endoseal TCS group after GP removal (p < 0.05). Re-treated canals and initially treated canals had similar void volumes (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in void volume after Re-treatment, regardless of whether the same or different sealers were used for the first treatment and Re-treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Endoseal TCS sealer and AH Plus sealer had a similar Re-treatment efficacy, regardless of which sealer was used in the previous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yemi Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2650-5763; Fax: +82-2-2650-5764
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Demirci GK, Kaval ME, Kurt SM, Serefoglu B, Güneri P, Hülsmann M, Caliskan MK. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry Analysis and Radiopacity of Five Different Root Canal Sealers. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:1-11. [PMID: 34877971 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Root canal sealers should have optimum adhesion to the root dentin, low cytotoxicity, sufficient radiopacity and high dimensional stability, which depend mainly on their chemical composition. The aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition of Syntex (Cerkamed, Stalowa Wola, Poland), Adseal (Meta Biomed, Cheongju-si, Korea), Sealapex (SybronEndo, Scafati, Italy), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and GuttaFlow Bioseal (Coltene/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) and to determine their radiopacity comparatively. Stainless steel molds with an inner diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 2 mm were constructed. Tested root-canal sealers were mixed and poured into the molds. Following setting, digital periapical radiographs of the specimens (n=12) were taken under standard exposure conditions and the mean gray-values of specimens were measured using a computer graphics program. Then the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was performed. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak multi-comparison test (p = 0.05). Sealapex showed higher calcium peak than MTA Fillapex, GuttaFlow Bioseal, Adseal and Syntex sealers. MTA Fillapex contained a highest amount of tungstate. Sealapex presented the highest radiopacity value among the tested materials (p < 0.05), whereas MTA Fillapex was the least radiopaque material (p < 0.05). Each root canal sealer contains different compositions of radiopacifiers including bismuth oxide, calcium tungstate and zirconium oxide. The tested root canal sealers had radiopacity values above the ISO-specified limit. Sealapex was the most radiopaque root canal sealer followed by GuttaFlow Bioseal, Syntex, Adseal and MTA Fillapex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Burcu Serefoglu
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Michael Hülsmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Kim JH, Cho SY, Choi Y, Kim DH, Shin SJ, Jung IY. Clinical Efficacy of Sealer-based Obturation Using Calcium Silicate Sealers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2021; 48:144-151. [PMID: 34856212 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the clinical efficacy and outcome of a sealer-based obturation technique (SBO) with calcium silicate sealers and a continuous wave of condensation technique (CWC) with a resin-based sealer. METHODS Root canals were prepared using rotary instruments and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. At the next visit, patients were enrolled and randomly assigned into 2 groups on the basis of the obturation protocol: CWC with AH Plus sealer and SBO with Endoseal TCS. Patients were assessed for the level of postoperative pain using a numeric rating scale. The quality of root canal obturation was evaluated in terms of the sealer extrusion, root-filling voids, and level of root filling. The participants were recalled after at least 6 months. Healing of the teeth was determined as a decrease in Periapical Index score and resolution of symptoms. The results were statistically compared by using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test, followed by multivariate analysis with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 74 teeth were included in the analysis (79% recalls), and the mean follow-up period was 17 months (6-29 months). Two groups expressed identical distribution of postoperative pain (P = .973) and similar quality of root canal obturation. The total success rates were 93.2% (CWC 92.3%, SBO 94.3%) by loose criteria and 60.8% (CWC 51.3%, SBO 71.4%) by strict criteria, with no significant differences between the 2 groups. The success rate by loose criteria in teeth with sealer extrusion was significantly lower than those in teeth without sealer extrusion (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS SBO using an Endoseal TCS could be a possible alternative to CWC using AH Plus. Sealer extrusion and postoperative pain were found to negatively impact prognosis of the endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyung Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin-Yeon Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoonwoo Choi
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jung
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Pedrosa MDS, Alves T, Nogueira FN, Holzhausen M, Sipert CR. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production by calcium silicate-based materials on periodontal ligament stem cells. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:65-74. [PMID: 34755791 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of three commercial calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on cytotoxicity and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Culture of hPDLSCs was established and characterized. Extracts of Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and PBS Cimmo HP (Cimmo Soluções em Saúde, Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil) were prepared by placing cement specimens (5 x 3 mm) in culture medium. Then, the extracts were serially two-fold diluted (1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16) and inserted into the cell-seeded wells for 24, 48 and 72 h for MTT assays. TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines were quantified by ELISA at 24h-cell supernatants. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). All CSBM exhibited some cytotoxicity that varied according to extract concentration and time of evaluation. MTA Fillapex presented the highest cytotoxic effects with significant reduction of metabolic activity/cell viability when compared to Bio-C Sealer and Cimmo HP®. TNF-α was significantly upregulated by the three tested cements (p < 0.05) while only MTA Fillapex significantly upregulated IL-10 in comparison to control. Taken collectively, the results showed that PBS Cimmo HP®, Bio-C Sealer and MTA Fillapex present mild and transient cytotoxicity and slightly induced TNF-α production. MTA Fillapex upregulated IL-10 release by hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlus da Silva Pedrosa
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomaz Alves
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Nogueira
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Renata Sipert
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dioguardi M, Alovisi M, Sovereto D, Troiano G, Malagnino G, Di Cosola M, Cazzolla AP, Laino L, Lo Muzio L. Sealing ability and microbial leakage of root-end filling materials: MTA versus epoxy resin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07494. [PMID: 34401555 PMCID: PMC8353296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to investigate which of the epoxy-based cements and those based on Tricalciumsilicate (MTA, Bioceramic) have the best sealing capacity through the analysis of studies that have provided a survey model in vitro of bacteria leakage. Source The articles were identified using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, the search was conducted between 8.12.2020 and 31.12.2020 and a last search was conducted on 2.12.2021. Study selection 678 records were identified and after removing the duplicates we obtain 481 records, with the first phase of screening and selection of records we reached 204 and with the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria we selected 31 articles, only 9 studies made a direct comparison between the two endodontic cement categories and presented data that could be included in the metaanalysis. Data The meta-analysis of first outcome shows an odds ratio of 2.70 C.I.(Confidence Interval) [1.54, 4.73], the test for overall effect has a p value = 0.0005 with a heterogeneity index of I 2 of 9%; The second outcome meta-analysis shows an Odds Ratio of 1.50 C.I. (Confidence Interval) [0.92, 2.46] with a p value of 0.10 with an I 2 of 79%. Conclusion the sealing ability is higher for epoxy resins than for tricalcium silicate-based cements, for observation periods longer than 90 days. Clinical relevance The knowledge of the cement that determines the best sealing ability and resistance to microbial leakage, can be of help for the dentist who has to face clinical situations such as endodontic retreatments whose failure is determined by the persistence of bacteria in the endodontic canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Malagnino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, Pecci-Lloret MP, Pecci-Lloret MR, Melo M. Biological interactions between calcium silicate-based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2025-2043. [PMID: 34338339 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, the biological interactions, that is cytocompatibility, cell differentiation and mineralization potential, between calcium silicate-based biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied at an in vitro level, in order to predict their clinical behaviour during endodontic procedures involving direct contact with periodontal tissues, namely root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and regenerative endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the biological interaction of PDLSCs and calcium silicate-based biomaterials. METHODOLOGY The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An advanced database search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO on 1 July 2020 and last updated on 22 April 2021. Studies assessing the biological interactions of PDLSCs with calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) and/or cements (CSCs) at an in vitro level were considered for inclusion. The evaluation of the 'biological interaction' was defined as any assay or test on the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, cell plasticity or differentiation potential, and bioactive properties of PDLSCs cultured in CSC or CSS-conditioned media. Quality (risk of bias) was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies of dental materials. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis. CSCs and CSSs, as a group of endodontic materials, exhibit adequate cytocompatibility and favour the osteo/cementogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of PDLSCs, as evidenced from the in vitro studies included in the present systematic review. DISCUSSION The influence of the compositional differences, inclusion of additives, sample preparation, and varying conditions and manipulations on the biological properties of calcium silicate-based materials remain a subject for future research. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the in vitro nature of the included studies, this work supports the potential use of calcium silicate-based endodontic materials in stem cell therapy and biologically based regenerative endodontic procedures. REGISTRATION OSF Registries; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SQ9UY.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel R Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Characterization, Antimicrobial Effects, and Cytocompatibility of a Root Canal Sealer Produced by Pozzolan Reaction between Calcium Hydroxide and Silica. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112863. [PMID: 34071745 PMCID: PMC8199352 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate a newly developed pozzolan-based bioceramic sealer (PZBS) regarding setting time, radiopacity, antibacterial effect, and cytocompatibility. The PZBS was manufactured by mixing calcium hydroxide and silica. The pozzolan reaction was verified by identification of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) using X-ray diffraction analysis. The initial setting time and radiopacity were measured using the ISO 6876/2012 protocol in comparison with other commercially available calcium silicate (CS) sealers. The antibacterial effect of PZBS on biofilms cultured in the bovine root canal was evaluated by measurement of colony-forming units and volume of biofilms in comparison with other calcium hydroxide pastes. The morphological features of the biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytocompatibility of PZBS was assessed by the viability of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and scratch wound healing rate in comparison with other CS sealers. The morphology of the cells cultured on the tested sealers was observed by SEM. The detection of the CS peak confirmed the formation of C-S-H. The initial setting time of PZBS was around 11 h, which was twice as long as the other tested sealers. The radiopacity of PZBS was 4.3 mm/Al, which satisfied the ISO criteria. The antibacterial effect and cytocompatibility of PZBS were comparable to those of the commercially available intracanal medicaments and CS endodontic sealers, respectively. The PZBS has the potential to be used for root canal obturation, and is expected to exert a favorable antibacterial effect.
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