1
|
AlAzzam NF, Bajunaid SO, Mitwalli HA, Baras BH, Weir MD, Xu HHK. The Effect of Incorporating Dimethylaminohexadecyl Methacrylate and/or 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine on Flexural Strength and Surface Hardness of Heat Polymerized and 3D-Printed Denture Base Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4625. [PMID: 39336366 PMCID: PMC11433138 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major disadvantage of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resins is susceptibility to biofilm accumulation. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents is a reliable prevention technique. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of incorporating dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and/or 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) into heat-polymerized (HP) and 3D-printed (3DP) denture base materials on the flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and surface hardness. METHODS DMAHDM and/or MPC were mixed with the acrylic resin liquid of a heat-polymerized (ProBase Hot) and a 3D printed (NextDent Denture 3D) material at mass fractions of 1.5% and 3% and a combination of 3% MPC and 1.5% DMAHDM. RESULTS Significant differences in mechanical properties between the control and experimental groups have been detected (p-value < 0.0001). In HP materials, the addition of DMAHDM and/or MPC generally decreased the flexural strength, from (151.18 MPa) in G1 down to (62.67 MPa) in G5, and surface hardness, from (18.05 N/mm2) down to (10.07 N/mm2) in G5. Conversely, in 3DP materials, flexural strength was slightly enhanced, from (58.22 MPa) in G1 up to (62.76 MPa) in G6, although surface hardness was consistently reduced, from (13.57 N/mm2) down to (5.29 N/mm2) in G5. CONCLUSION It is recommended to carefully optimize the concentrations of DMAHDM and/or MPC to maintain mechanical integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Njood F AlAzzam
- Department of Prosthetic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 60169-15, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa O Bajunaid
- Department of Prosthetic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 60169-15, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Mitwalli
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 60169-15, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer H Baras
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 60169-15, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mossad Hassan Negm H, Yousry Elkharadly D, Badawy S, Rashad Omar Omar Taha R. Fracture Resistance in Fibre-Reinforced Resin Composite Restorations in Deciduous and Permanent Molars: An Ex Vivo Study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:1197-1202. [PMID: 39286592 PMCID: PMC11402000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance levels of restored deciduous teeth and permanent molars restored with different materials, including ultra-polyethylene fibre tape (Ribbond-Ultra), fibre-reinforced resin composite EverX posterior, fibre-reinforced flowable resin composite EverX Flow and bulk-fill flow restorative material (Tetric N-flow) in the posterior region. Methods We tested sixty-four caries-free human mandibular molars (32 deciduous molars and 32 permanent molars). Deep and wide Class I cavities were prepared in each tooth. The teeth were embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) resin up to the cementoenamel junction, leaving the crown completely exposed. Oral temperature fluctuations were then simulated using two thousand thermocycling cycles, each lasting 30 seconds in the hot phase (approximately 35 °C). The loading rate for our force-fracture tests was set at 0.5 mm/min. Direct restorations were made using a spherical tip and applying the force perpendicular to the sample surface. Visual inspection of the fractured specimens, in combination with adhesive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and finite element analysis (FEA), provided detailed insights into the failure modes and stress distribution at the restoration-tooth interface. Results Teeth restored with fibre-reinforced composite (EverX Posterior) had the highest fracture resistance, followed by fibre-reinforced flowable resin composite (EverX Flow). Teeth restored with the ultra- polyethylene fibre tape (Ribbond-Ultra), followed by the flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric N-flow) had the lowest resistance. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the groups, except for EverX Posterior and EverX Flow. A predictive algorithm was also proposed for the likelihood of restoration failure. Conclusion Modern fibre-reinforced resin composites, such as EverX Posterior, effectively reinforce teeth against fractures, with success in both restored deciduous and permanent molars. Meanwhile, the use of polyethylene fibre tapes is less effective, and they involve a time-consuming application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherine Badawy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, UAE
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Išljamović M, Bonvin D, Milojević M, Stojanović S, Spasić M, Stojković B, Janošević P, Otašević S, Ebersold MM. Antifungal Effect of Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Farnesol and Undecylenic Acid against Candida albicans Biofilm Formation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3936. [PMID: 39203113 PMCID: PMC11355639 DOI: 10.3390/ma17163936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
The control of Candida albicans biofilm formation on dentures made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is an important challenge due to the high resistance to antifungal drugs. Interestingly, the natural compounds undecylenic acid (UDA) and farnesol (FAR) both prevent C. albicans biofilm formation and could have a synergetic effect. We therefore modified PMMA with a combination of UDA and FAR (UDA+FAR), aiming to obtain the antifungal PMMA_UDA+FAR composites. Equal concentrations of FAR and UDA were added to PMMA to reach 3%, 6%, and 9% in total of both compounds in composites. The physico-chemical properties of the composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurement. The antifungal activity of the composites was tested on both biofilm and planktonic cells with an XTT test 0 and 6 days after the composites' preparation. The effect of the UDA+FAR combination on C. albicans filamentation was studied in agar containing 0.0125% and 0.4% UDA+FAR after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. The results showed the presence of UDA and FAR on the composite and decreases in the water contact angle and metabolic activity of both the biofilm and planktonic cells at both time points at non-toxic UDA+FAR concentrations. Thus, the modification of PMMA with a combination of UDA+FAR reduces C. albicans biofilm formation on dentures and could be a promising anti-Candida strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Išljamović
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Dental Health Care, Health Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Debora Bonvin
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milena Milojević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjić 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Simona Stojanović
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University in Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjić 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milan Spasić
- The Niš Dental University Clinic, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjić 52, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Branislava Stojković
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjić 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Predrag Janošević
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjić 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Suzana Otašević
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blv. Dr Zoran Djindjić 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Public Health Institute Niš, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjić 50, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marijana Mionić Ebersold
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HT, Çakmak G, Lee YH, Jo YH, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B. Mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption of three-dimensionally printable hybrid resin containing zwitterionic polymer and silicate-based composites for dental restorations. J Dent 2024; 147:105134. [PMID: 38885733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printable resins filled with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and silicate-based composites and compare with those of a commercially available 3D-printable resin for definitive restorations. METHODS A group of 3D-printable hybrid resins (HRs) filled with 6 wt% MPC and three different compositions of silicate-based composites (barium silicate to zirconium silicate ratios: 1.50:1 for HR1, 0.67:1 for HR2, and 0.25:1 for HR3) were prepared. The HR groups were compared with the commercially available unfilled 3D-printable resin (CR) marketed for definitive restorations in terms of flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, surface roughness, Vickers hardness, light transmittance (all, n = 15), cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption (both, n = 3). All data were analyzed by using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The HR groups had significantly higher flexural strength, modulus, fracture toughness, and hardness values than the CR (P < 0.001). HR3 had the highest surface roughness and light transmittance among the groups (P ≤ 0.006). None of tested resins showed cytotoxicity. Both HR2 and HR3 showed significantly lower protein adsorption than the CR, with a difference of approximately 60% (P ≤ 0.026). CONCLUSION Both HR2 and HR3 exhibited superior mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness), light transmittance, and protein-repellent activity than the CR, with no impact on cytotoxicity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The MPC/silicate-based composite-filled resins may be a suitable alternative for definitive restorations, given their higher mechanical properties and promising biological properties to prevent microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation, as well as their non-cytotoxic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Tae Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dönmez MB, Kim HT, Lee YH, Jo YH, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B. Effect of barium silicate on mechanical properties, transmittance, and protein adsorption of resin for additive manufacturing containing zwitterionic polymer. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:465.e1-465.e8. [PMID: 38890060 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the effect of barium silicate on the material properties of additively manufactured (AM) resins containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) for dental applications are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, transmittance, and protein adsorption of MPC-containing AM resin incorporated with different barium silicate contents and to compare these findings with those of a commercially available unfilled AM resin marketed for definitive restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Resins incorporating 6 wt% MPC and 4 different concentrations of barium silicate (10 wt%, MB10; 20 wt%, MB20; 30 wt%, MB30; and 40 wt%, MB40) were prepared. An MPC-containing resin with no filler was also prepared (0 wt%, MBN). Surface roughness (n=15), Vickers hardness (n=15), flexural strength and modulus (n=15), fracture toughness (n=15), transmittance (n=15), and protein adsorption (n=3) of the filled resin specimens were measured and compared with those of commercially available unfilled resin specimens. All data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=.05). RESULTS All experimental resins had higher surface roughness than the unfilled resin (P≤.048). MB40 had higher hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness than most other groups (P≤.047). MB10 had higher transmittance than most other groups (P≤.012). All experimental resins had lower protein adsorption than the unfilled resin, regardless of the barium silicate content (P≤.023). CONCLUSIONS The experimental resin containing 6 wt% MPC and 40 wt% barium silicate showed better mechanical properties and lower protein adsorption than the resin with no MPC or ceramic fillers. Transmittance decreased with the increase of barium silicate in the resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Borga Dönmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; and ITI Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hyun-Tae Kim
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- Adjunct Researcher, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Senior Researcher, M.O.P. Materials, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Senior Researcher, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Visiting Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jo YH, Cho JH, Park DH, Yoon HI, Han SH, Yilmaz B. Antimicrobial activity, surface properties, and cytotoxicity of microencapsulated phytochemicals incorporated into three-dimensionally printable dental polymers. J Dent 2024; 141:104820. [PMID: 38128820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of three dimensionally-printed dental polymers (3DPs) incorporated with microencapsulated phytochemicals (MPs) and to assess their surface characteristics and cytotoxicity. METHODS MPs derived from phytoncide oil and their specific chemical components were introduced into suspensions of three microbial species: Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Optical density was measured to determine the microbial growth in the presence of MPs for testing their antimicrobial activity. MPs at 5% (w/w) were mixed with dental polymers and dispersants to 3DP discs. These microbial species were then seeded onto the discs and incubated for 24 h. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of MP-containing 3DPs were evaluated by counting the colony-forming units (n = 3). The biofilm formation on the 3DP was assessed by crystal violet staining assay (n = 3). Microbial viability was determined using a live-dead staining and CLSM observation (n = 3). Surface roughness and water contact angle were assessed (n = 10). Cytotoxicity of MP-containing 3DPs for human gingival fibroblast was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS MPs, particularly (-)-α-pinene, suppressed the growth of all tested microbial species. MP-containing 3DPs significantly reduced the colony count (P ≤ 0.001) and biofilm formation (P ≤ 0.009), of all tested microbial species. Both surface roughness (P < 0.001) and water contact angle (P < 0.001) increased. The cytotoxicity remained unchanged after incorporating MPs to the 3DPs (P = 0.310). CONCLUSIONS MPs effectively controlled the microbial growth on 3DPs as evidenced by the colony count, biofilm formation, and cell viability. Although MPs modified the surface characteristics, they did not influence the cytotoxicity of 3DPs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Integration of MPs into 3DPs could produce dental prostheses or appliances with antimicrobial properties. This approach not only provides a proactive solution to reduce the risk of oral biofilm-related infection but also ensures the safety and biocompatibility of the material, thereby improving dental care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Dulaijan YA. Evaluation of the Effects of Different Polishing Protocols on the Surface Characterizations of 3D-Printed Acrylic Denture Base Resins: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2913. [PMID: 37447559 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chairside polishing kits are an alternative to laboratory polishing techniques. The effects of using a chairside polishing kit on a three-dimensional (3D)-printed acrylic denture base (ADB) have not been reported previously. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different chairside polishing techniques on the surface characterizations of ABD, including surface roughness average (Ra), average maximum profile height (Rz), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) representations. One hundred and twenty disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from one conventional heat-polymerized (HP) ADB resin and two 3D-printed (Asiga (AS) and NextDent (ND)) ADB resins (n = 40 per material). Each group was further divided based on the polishing protocol (n = 10) as follows: conventional polishing protocol (C), microdont chairside polishing kit (M), shofu chairside polishing kit (S), and an unpolished group (U). The Ra and Rz values were measured using an optical profilometer. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05) at significant levels. In unpolished groups, there was a statistically significant difference between HP-U vs. AS-U and ND-U groups (p < 0.0001). For Ra, the lowest values were observed in HP-C, AS-S, and ND-C. While the highest values were shown in all unpolished groups. Within the material, there were statistically significant differences between the three polishing protocols (C, M, and S) vs. unpolished (p < 0.0001), while there was no significant between C, M, and S groups (p = 0.05). The Rz values had the same pattern as the Ra values. The two chairside polishing kits were comparable to conventional polishing techniques, and they can be recommended for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousif A Al-Dulaijan
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prospects on Tuning Bioactive and Antimicrobial Denture Base Resin Materials: A Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010054. [PMID: 36616404 PMCID: PMC9823688 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture base resin (DBR) materials are used in dentistry in constructing removable dentures and implant-supported prostheses. A plethora of evidence has demonstrated that DBR materials are associated with a high risk of denture stomatitis, a clinical complication where the soft oral tissues underneath the resin-based material are inflamed. The prevalence of denture stomatitis among denture wearers is high worldwide. Plaque accumulation and the infiltration of oral microbes into DBRs are among the main risk factors for denture stomatitis. The attachment of fungal species, mainly Candida albicans, to DBRs can irritate the underneath soft tissues, leading to the onset of the disease. As a result, several attempts were achieved to functionalize antimicrobial compounds and particles into DBRs to prevent microbial attachment. This review article explored the advanced approaches in designing bioactive and antimicrobial DBR materials. It was reported that using monomer mixtures, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), and organic and inorganic particles can suppress the growth of denture stomatitis-related pathogens. This paper also highlighted the importance of characterizing bioactive DBRs to be mechanically and physically sustainable. Future directions may implement a clinical translational model to attempt these materials inside the oral cavity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chuchulska B, Hristov I, Dochev B, Raychev R. Changes in the Surface Texture of Thermoplastic (Monomer-Free) Dental Materials Due to Some Minor Alterations in the Laboratory Protocol-Preliminary Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6633. [PMID: 36233975 PMCID: PMC9570521 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary thermoplastic monomer-free prosthetic materials are widely used nowadays, and there are a great variety available on the market. These materials are of interest in terms of the improvement of the quality features of the removable dentures. The aim of this study is to establish how minimal changes in the laboratory protocol of polyamide prosthetic base materials influence the surface texture. Two polyamide materials intended for the fabrication of removable dentures bases were used-Perflex Biosens (BS) and VertexTM ThermoSens (TS). A total number of 20 coin-shaped samples were prepared. They were injected under two different modes-regular, as provided by the manufacturer, and modified, proposed by the authors of this study. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) under four magnifications-×1000, ×3000, ×5000, and ×10,000-was conducted. With minimal alterations to the melting temperature (5 °C) and the pressure (0.5 Bar), in Biosens, no changes in terms of surface improvement were found, whereas in ThermoSens, the surface roughness of the material significantly changed in terms of roughness reduction. By modifying the technological mode during injection molding, a smoother surface was achieved in one of the studied materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozhana Chuchulska
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Hristov
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Dochev
- Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Branch Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Raycho Raychev
- Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Branch Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Costa PDS, Prado A, Bagon NP, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Mixed Fungal Biofilms: From Mycobiota to Devices, a New Challenge on Clinical Practice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091721. [PMID: 36144323 PMCID: PMC9506030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that allow the evaluation of fungal morphology and the identification of the etiologic agent of mycosis. Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that enable the examination of the fungi for further identification of the etiological agent of the mycosis. The isolation of fungi from pure cultures is typically recommended, as when more than one species is identified, the second agent is considered a contaminant. Fungi mostly survive in highly organized communities that provoke changes in phenotypic profile, increase resistance to antifungals and environmental stresses, and facilitate evasion from the immune system. Mixed fungal biofilms (MFB) harbor more than one fungal species, wherein exchange can occur that potentialize the effects of these virulence factors. However, little is known about MFB and their role in infectious processes, particularly in terms of how each species may synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis. Here, we review fungi present in MFB that are commensals of the human body, forming the mycobiota, and how their participation in MFB affects the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, we discuss how MFB are formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, thus being a significant reservoir of microorganisms that have already been associated in infectious processes of high morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
11
|
Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Oleic Acid as an Efficient Candida albicans Biofilm Repellent. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113750. [PMID: 35683049 PMCID: PMC9181749 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), widely used in dentistry, is unfortunately a suitable substrate for Candida (C.) albicans colonization and biofilm formation. The key step for biofilm formation is C. albicans ability to transit from yeast to hypha (filamentation). Since oleic acid (OA), a natural compound, prevents filamentation, we modified PMMA with OA aiming the antifungal PMMA_OA materials. Physico-chemical properties of the novel PMMA_OA composites obtained by incorporation of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% OA into PMMA were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurement. To test antifungal activity, PMMA_OA composites were incubated with C. albicans and the metabolic activity of both biofilm and planktonic cells was measured with a XTT test, 0 and 6 days after composites preparation. The effect of OA on C. albicans morphology was observed after 24 h and 48 h incubation in agar loaded with 0.0125% and 0.4% OA. The results show that increase of OA significantly decreased water contact angle. Metabolic activity of both biofilm and planktonic cells were significantly decreased in the both time points. Therefore, modification of PMMA with OA is a promising strategy to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation on denture.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bajunaid SO. How Effective Are Antimicrobial Agents on Preventing the Adhesion of Candida albicans to Denture Base Acrylic Resin Materials? A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050908. [PMID: 35267731 PMCID: PMC8912396 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis is a common oral infection caused by Candid albicans. It occurs under removable dentures due to several causative and contributing factors. If not treated, it can lead to fatal systemic candida infections. Different materials and techniques have been used to treat denture stomatitis; however, no single treatment has succeeded. The purpose of this study was to review novel techniques for incorporating antimicrobial and protein repellent agents into denture acrylic resin materials and their effect on the adhesion of Candida albicans to denture base acrylic resin materials to prevent and/or treat denture stomatitis. A systematic review was conducted in which an electronic search was undertaken using different databases and relevant keywords. The literature search revealed numerous studies describing different antifungal materials incorporated into different denture acrylic resin materials. The investigated materials showed significant antimicrobial activity with slight or no effect on the physical and mechanical properties; however, the optical properties were particularly affected with higher concentrations. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents to reduce or prevent Candida albicans biofilm formation on acrylic resin proved to be very effective, and this effect was found to be proportional to the percentage of the material used. The latter should be considered carefully not to alter the physical, mechanical or optical characteristics of the denture base material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Omar Bajunaid
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Denture Acrylic Resin Material with Antibacterial and Protein-Repelling Properties for the Prevention of Denture Stomatitis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020230. [PMID: 35054637 PMCID: PMC8777866 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis is a multifactorial pathological condition of the oral mucosa that affects up to 72% of denture wearers. It is commonly seen on the palatal mucosa and characterized by erythema on the oral mucosa that are in contact with the denture surface. The aim of this study was to incorporate 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) into a high impact polymethylmethacrylate heat-cured denture base acrylic resin as a potential treatment for denture stomatitis. We used a comparative study design to examine the effect of incorporating MPC as a protein repellent agent and DMAHDM as an antifungal agent to prevent the adherence of Candida albicans to the denture base material. The dual incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM reduced C. albicans biofilm colony-forming unit by two orders of magnitude when compared to the control group devoid of the bioactive agents. Although the addition of MPC and DMAHDM alone or in combination significantly reduced the flexural strength of the material, they showed reduced roughness values when compared to control groups. This new denture acrylic resin provides the benefit of enhancing C. albicans biofilm elimination through dual mechanisms of action, which could potentially reduce the prevalence of denture stomatitis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen M, Yi J, Zhao Z. Biocompatible orthodontic cement with antibacterial capability and protein repellency. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:412. [PMID: 34416896 PMCID: PMC8377853 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White spot lesions (WSLs) often occur in orthodontic treatments. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel orthodontic cement using particles of nano silver (NAg), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and to investigate the effects on bonding strength, biofilms and biocompatibility. METHODS A commercial resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was modified by adding NAg, NAC and MPC. The unmodified RMGIC served as the control. Enamel bond strength and cytotoxicity of the cements were investigated. The protein repellent behavior of cements was also evaluated. The metabolic assay, lactic acid production assay and colony-forming unit assay of biofilms were used to determine the antibacterial capability of cements. RESULTS The new bioactive cement with NAg, NAC and MPC had clinically acceptable bond strength and biocompatibility. Compared to commercial control, the new cement suppressed metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms by 59.03% and 70.02% respectively (p < 0.05), reduced biofilm CFU by 2 logs (p < 0.05) and reduced protein adsorption by 76.87% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The new cement with NAg, NAC and MPC had strong antibacterial capability, protein-repellent ability and acceptable biocompatibility. The new cement is promising to protect enamel from demineralization during orthodontic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|