1
|
Elalaily T, Berke M, Kedves M, Fülöp G, Scherübl Z, Kanne T, Nygård J, Makk P, Csonka S. Signatures of Gate-Driven Out-of-Equilibrium Superconductivity in Ta/InAs Nanowires. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5528-5535. [PMID: 36912466 PMCID: PMC10062030 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the microscopic origin of the gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) in superconducting nanobridges is crucial for engineering superconducting switches suitable for a variety of electronic applications. The origin of GCS is controversial, and various mechanisms have been proposed to explain it. In this work, we have investigated the GCS in a Ta layer deposited on the surface of InAs nanowires. Comparison between switching current distributions at opposite gate polarities and between the gate dependence of two opposite side gates with different nanowire-gate spacings shows that the GCS is determined by the power dissipated by the gate leakage. We also found a substantial difference between the influence of the gate and elevated bath temperature on the magnetic field dependence of the supercurrent. Detailed analysis of the switching dynamics at high gate voltages shows that the device is driven into the multiple phase slips regime by high-energy fluctuations arising from the leakage current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosson Elalaily
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., 31527 Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Martin Berke
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Kedves
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Fülöp
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Scherübl
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Kanne
- Center
for Quantum Devices and Nano-Science Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nygård
- Center
for Quantum Devices and Nano-Science Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Péter Makk
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Correlated van der Waals Structures Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Csonka
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Superconducting Nanoelectronics Momentum Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elalaily T, Kürtössy O, Scherübl Z, Berke M, Fülöp G, Lukács IE, Kanne T, Nygård J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Makk P, Csonka S. Gate-Controlled Supercurrent in Epitaxial Al/InAs Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9684-9690. [PMID: 34726405 PMCID: PMC8631737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) in superconducting nanobridges has recently attracted attention as a means to create superconducting switches. Despite the clear advantages for applications, the microscopic mechanism of this effect is still under debate. In this work, we realize GCS for the first time in a highly crystalline superconductor epitaxially grown on an InAs nanowire. We show that the supercurrent in the epitaxial Al layer can be switched to the normal state by applying ≃±23 V on a bottom gate insulated from the nanowire by a crystalline hBN layer. Our extensive study of the temperature and magnetic field dependencies suggests that the electric field is unlikely to be the origin of GCS in our device. Though hot electron injection alone cannot explain our experimental findings, a very recent non-equilibrium phonons based picture is compatible with most of our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosson Elalaily
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish Street, 31527 Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Olivér Kürtössy
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Scherübl
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Berke
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergö Fülöp
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Endre Lukács
- Center
for Energy Research, Institute of Technical
Physics and Material Science, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33., H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Kanne
- Center for
Quantum Devices and Nano-Science Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nygård
- Center for
Quantum Devices and Nano-Science Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Péter Makk
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Csonka
- Department
of Physics and Nanoelectronics “Momentum” Research Group
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Simoni G, Battisti S, Ligato N, Mercaldo MT, Cuoco M, Giazotto F. Gate Control of the Current-Flux Relation of a Josephson Quantum Interferometer Based on Proximitized Metallic Nanojuntions. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2021; 3:3927-3935. [PMID: 36247495 PMCID: PMC9555709 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an Al superconducting quantum interference device in which the Josephson junctions are implemented through gate-controlled proximity Cu mesoscopic weak links. This specific kind of metallic weak links behaves analogously to genuine superconducting metals in terms of the response to electrostatic gating and provides a good performance in terms of current-modulation visibility. We show that through the application of a static gate voltage we can modify the interferometer current-flux relation in a fashion that seems compatible with the introduction of π-channels within the gated weak link. Our results suggest that the microscopic mechanism at the origin of the suppression of the switching current in the interferometer is apparently phase coherent, resulting in an overall damping of the superconducting phase rigidity. We finally tackle the performance of the interferometer in terms of responsivity to magnetic flux variations in the dissipative regime and discuss the practical relevance of gated proximity-based all-metallic SQUIDs for magnetometry at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio De Simoni
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Battisti
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Physics “E. Fermi”, Universitá
di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo
3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nadia Ligato
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Mercaldo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “E. R. Caianiello”, Universitá di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno IT-84084, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giazotto
- NEST,
Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Orús P, Fomin VM, De Teresa JM, Córdoba R. Critical current modulation induced by an electric field in superconducting tungsten-carbon nanowires. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17698. [PMID: 34489493 PMCID: PMC8421514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical current of a superconducting nanostructure can be suppressed by applying an electric field in its vicinity. This phenomenon is investigated throughout the fabrication and electrical characterization of superconducting tungsten-carbon (W-C) nanostructures grown by Ga[Formula: see text] focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID). In a 45 nm-wide, 2.7 [Formula: see text]m-long W-C nanowire, an increasing side-gate voltage is found to progressively reduce the critical current of the device, down to a full suppression of the superconducting state below its critical temperature. This modulation is accounted for by the squeezing of the superconducting current by the electric field within a theoretical model based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory, in agreement with experimental data. Compared to electron beam lithography or sputtering, the single-step FIBID approach provides with enhanced patterning flexibility and yields nanodevices with figures of merit comparable to those retrieved in other superconducting materials, including Ti, Nb, and Al. Exhibiting a higher critical temperature than most of other superconductors, in which this phenomenon has been observed, as well as a reduced critical value of the gate voltage required to fully suppress superconductivity, W-C deposits are strong candidates for the fabrication of nanodevices based on the electric field-induced superconductivity modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Orús
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vladimir M Fomin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN), Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Material Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Physics and Engineering of Nanomaterials, Department of Theoretical Physics, Moldova State University, Strada A. Mateevici 60, 2009, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - José María De Teresa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rosa Córdoba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|