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Shahzad U, Saeed M, Marwani HM, Al-Humaidi JY, Rehman SU, Althomali RH, Awual MR, Rahman MM. Recent Progress on Potentiometric Sensor Applications Based on Nanoscale Metal Oxides: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38593048 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2337876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have been the subject of much research and development as of late, with several publications detailing new designs boasting enhanced performance metrics. That is, without a doubt, because such sensors stand out from other analytical tools thanks to their excellent analytical characteristics, low cost, and ease of use. Their progress has shown a trend toward seeking out novel useful nano structure materials. A variety of nanostructure metal oxides have been utilized in the creation of potentiometric sensors, which are the subject of this article. For screen-printed pH sensors, metal oxides have been utilized as sensing layers due to their mixed ion-electron conductivity and as paste-ion-selective electrode components and in solid-contact electrodes. Further significant uses include solid-contact layers. All the metal oxide uses mentioned are within the purview of this article. Nanoscale metal oxides have several potential uses in the potentiometry method, and this paper summarizes such uses, including hybrid materials and single-component layers. Potentiometric sensors with outstanding analytical properties can be manufactured entirely from metal oxides. These novel sensors outperform the more traditional, conventional electrodes in terms of useful characteristics. In this review, we looked at the potentiometric analytical properties of different building solutions with various nanoscale metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shujah Ur Rehman
- Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Rabiul Awual
- Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Lenar N, Piech R, Wardak C, Paczosa-Bator B. Application of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Field of Potentiometric Sensors: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 37999362 PMCID: PMC10672869 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been rapid development of electrochemical sensors, and there have been numerous reports in the literature that describe new constructions with improved performance parameters. Undoubtedly, this is due to the fact that those sensors are characterized by very good analytical parameters, and at the same time, they are cheap and easy to use, which distinguishes them from other analytical tools. One of the trends observed in their development is the search for new functional materials. This review focuses on potentiometric sensors designed with the use of various metal oxides. Metal oxides, because of their remarkable properties including high electrical capacity and mixed ion-electron conductivity, have found applications as both sensing layers (e.g., of screen-printing pH sensors) or solid-contact layers and paste components in solid-contact and paste-ion-selective electrodes. All the mentioned applications of metal oxides are described in the scope of the paper. This paper presents a survey on the use of metal oxides in the field of the potentiometry method as both single-component layers and as a component of hybrid materials. Metal oxides are allowed to obtain potentiometric sensors of all-solid-state construction characterized by remarkable analytical parameters. These new types of sensors exhibit properties that are competitive with those of the commonly used conventional electrodes. Different construction solutions and various metal oxides were compared in the scope of this review based on their analytical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Lenar
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
| | - Robert Piech
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
| | - Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
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Wardak C, Pietrzak K, Morawska K, Grabarczyk M. Ion-Selective Electrodes with Solid Contact Based on Composite Materials: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5839. [PMID: 37447689 DOI: 10.3390/s23135839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Potentiometric sensors are the largest and most commonly used group of electrochemical sensors. Among them, ion-selective electrodes hold a prominent place. Since the end of the last century, their re-development has been observed, which is a consequence of the introduction of solid contact constructions, i.e., electrodes without an internal electrolyte solution. Research carried out in the field of potentiometric sensors primarily focuses on developing new variants of solid contact in order to obtain devices with better analytical parameters, and at the same time cheaper and easier to use, which has been made possible thanks to the achievements of material engineering. This paper presents an overview of new materials used as a solid contact in ion-selective electrodes over the past several years. These are primarily composite and hybrid materials that are a combination of carbon nanomaterials and polymers, as well as those obtained from carbon and polymer nanomaterials in combination with others, such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, ionic liquids and many others. Composite materials often have better mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and chemical properties than the original components. With regard to their use in the construction of ion-selective electrodes, it is particularly important to increase the capacitance and surface area of the material, which makes them more effective in the process of charge transfer between the polymer membrane and the substrate material. This allows to obtain sensors with better analytical and operational parameters. Brief characteristics of electrodes with solid contact, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as research methods used to assess their parameters and analytical usefulness were presented. The work was divided into chapters according to the type of composite material, while the data in the table were arranged according to the type of ion. Selected basic analytical parameters of the obtained electrodes have been collected and summarized in order to better illustrate and compare the achievements that have been described till now in this field of analytical chemistry, which is potentiometry. This comprehensive review is a compendium of knowledge in the research area of functional composite materials and state-of-the-art SC-ISE construction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Morawska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Wardak C, Morawska K, Paczosa-Bator B, Grabarczyk M. Improved Lead Sensing Using a Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrode with Polymeric Membrane Modified with Carbon Nanofibers and Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16031003. [PMID: 36770010 PMCID: PMC9918137 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new solid-contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensitive to lead (II) ions, obtained by modifying a polymer membrane with a nanocomposite of carbon nanofibers and an ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, is presented. Electrodes with a different amount of nanocomposite in the membrane (0-9% w/w), in which a platinum wire or a glassy carbon electrode was used as an internal electrode, were tested. Potentiometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out to determine the effect of the ion-sensitive membrane modification on the analytical and electrical parameters of the ion-selective electrode. It was found that the addition of the nanocomposite causes beneficial changes in the properties of the membrane, i.e., a decrease in resistance and an increase in capacitance and hydrophobicity. As a result, the electrodes with the modified membrane were characterized by a lower limit of detection, a wider measuring range and better selectivity compared to the unmodified electrode. Moreover, a significant improvement in the stability and reversibility of the electrode potential was observed, and additionally, they were resistant to changes in the redox potential of the sample. The best parameters were shown by the electrode obtained with the use of a platinum wire as the inner electrode with a membrane containing 6% of the nanocomposite. The electrode exhibited a Nernstian response to lead ions over a wide concentration range, 1.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1, with a slope of 31.5 mV/decade and detection limit of 6.0 × 10-9 mol L-1. In addition, the proposed sensor showed very good long term stability and worked properly 4 months after its preparation without essential changes in the E0 or slope values. It was used to analyze a real sample and correct results of lead content determination were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Morawska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Lenar N, Piech R, Paczosa-Bator B. Hydrous Cerium Dioxide-Based Materials as Solid-Contact Layers in Potassium-Selective Electrodes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040349. [PMID: 35448319 PMCID: PMC9032862 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces hydrous cerium dioxide applied for the first time as a solid-contact layer in ion-selective electrodes. Cerium dioxide belongs to the group of metal oxides that exhibit both redox activity and a large surface area and therefore was considered to be an appropriate material for the solid-contact layer in potentiometric sensors. The material was examined both standalone and as a component of composite materials (with the addition of carbon nanomaterial or conducting polymer). Three cerium dioxide-based materials were tested as solid-contact layers in potentiometric sensors in the context of their microstructure, wettability, and electrical properties. The addition of hydrous cerium dioxide was shown to enhance the properties of carbon nanotubes and poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) by increasing the value of electrical capacitance (798 μF and 112 μF for hCeO2-NTs and hCeO2-POT material, respectively) and the value of contact angle (100° and 120° for hCeO2-NTs and hCeO2-POT material, respectively). The proposed sensor preparation method is easy, without the need to use an advanced apparatus or specific conditions, and fast; sensors can be prepared within an hour. Designed hCeO2-based electrodes exhibit competitive linear range and potential stability within the wide range of pH values (2.0–11.5). Designed electrodes are dedicated to potassium determination in environmental and clinical samples.
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Using MoS2/Fe3O4 as Ion-Electron Transduction Layer to Manufacture All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode for Determination of Serum Potassium. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As an essential electrolyte for the human body, the potassium ion (K+) plays many physiological roles in living cells, so the rapid and accurate determination of serum K+ is of great significance. In this work, we developed a solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC-ISE) using MoS2/Fe3O4 composites as the ion-to-electron transducer to determine serum K+. The potential response measurement of MoS2/Fe3O4/K+-ISE shows a Nernst response by a slope of 55.2 ± 0.1 mV/decade and a low detection limit of 6.3 × 10−6 M. The proposed electrode exhibits outstanding resistance to the interference of O2, CO2, light, and water layer formation. Remarkably, it also presents a high performance in potential reproducibility and long-term stability.
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