High Performance NbMoTa-Al2O3 Multilayer Composite Structure Manufacturing by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Functional engineering strategies of 3D printed implants for hard tissue replacement

Three-dimensional printing technology with the rapid development of printing materials are widely recognized as a promising way to fabricate bioartificial bone tissues. In consideration of the disadvantages of bone substitutes, including poor mechanical properties, lack of vascularization and insufficient osteointegration, functional modification strategies can provide multiple functions and desired characteristics of printing materials, enhance their physicochemical and biological properties in bone tissue engineering. Thus, this review focuses on the advances of functional engineering strategies for 3D printed biomaterials in hard tissue replacement. It is structured as introducing 3D printing technologies, properties of printing materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) and typical functional engineering strategies utilized in the application of bone, cartilage and joint regeneration.

The Microstructure of Fe-Based Laminated Metal Composite Produced by Powder Metallurgy

Powder metallurgy (PM) is a versatile process to manufacture nearly net-shaped metallic materials in industry. In this study, the PM process was used to fabricate two Fe-based laminated metal composites (LMCs), Fe-4Ni-3Cr-0.5Mo-0.5C/Fe and 410/304L. The results showed that after sintering, the LMCs were free of interfacial cracks and distortion, indicating that the PM process is a feasible means for producing these LMCs. In the Fe-4Ni-3Cr-0.5Mo-0.5C/Fe LMC, the diffusion of C resulted in the generation of a continuous pearlite layer between the Fe-4Ni-3Cr-0.5Mo-0.5C and Fe layers and a ferrite/pearlite mixture in the Fe layer. In the 410/304L LMC, the difference in the chemical potentials of C between the 304L and 410 layers led to the uphill diffusion of C from the 410 layer to the 304L layer. A continuous ferrite layer was thus formed near the interface of the 410 layer. Furthermore, a martensite layer of about 50 μm thickness was generated at the interface due to the high Cr and Ni content.