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Yuan K, Deng C, Tan L, Wang X, Yan W, Dai X, Du R, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Wang G. Structural and temporal dynamics analysis of zinc-based biomaterials: History, research hotspots and emerging trends. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:306-329. [PMID: 38362138 PMCID: PMC10867564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the 16-year developmental history, research hotspots, and emerging trends of zinc-based biodegradable metallic materials from the perspective of structural and temporal dynamics. Methods The literature on zinc-based biodegradable metallic materials in WoSCC was searched. Historical characteristics, the evolution of active topics and development trends in the field of zinc-based biodegradable metallic materials were analyzed using the bibliometric tools CiteSpace and HistCite. Results Over the past 16 years, the field of zinc-based biodegradable metal materials has remained in a hotspot stage, with extensive scientific collaboration. In addition, there are 45 subject categories and 51 keywords in different research periods, and 80 papers experience citation bursts. Keyword clustering anchored 3 emerging research subfields, namely, #1 plastic deformation #4 additive manufacturing #5 surface modification. The keyword alluvial map shows that the longest-lasting research concepts in the field are mechanical property, microstructure, corrosion behavior, etc., and emerging keywords are additive manufacturing, surface modification, dynamic recrystallization, etc. The most recent research on reference clustering has six subfields. Namely, #0 microstructure, #2 sem, #3 additive manufacturing, #4 laser powder bed fusion, #5 implant, and #7 Zn-1Mg. Conclusion The results of the bibliometric study provide the current status and trends of research on zinc-based biodegradable metallic materials, which can help researchers identify hot spots and explore new research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunshan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
| | - Chengchen Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lili Tan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Ruolin Du
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, 251100, China
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
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Li P, Dai J, Li Y, Alexander D, Čapek J, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Wan G, Han J, Yu Z, Li A. Zinc based biodegradable metals for bone repair and regeneration: Bioactivity and molecular mechanisms. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100932. [PMID: 38298560 PMCID: PMC10826336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and critical-size bone defects are significant public health issues, and clinical treatment outcomes are closely related to the intrinsic properties of the utilized implant materials. Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable metals (BMs) have emerged as promising bioactive materials because of their exceptional biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, and controllable biodegradation. This review summarizes the state of the art in terms of Zn-based metals for bone repair and regeneration, focusing on bridging the gap between biological mechanism and required bioactivity. The molecular mechanism underlying the release of Zn ions from Zn-based BMs in the improvement of bone repair and regeneration is elucidated. By integrating clinical considerations and the specific bioactivity required for implant materials, this review summarizes the current research status of Zn-based internal fixation materials for promoting fracture healing, Zn-based scaffolds for regenerating critical-size bone defects, and Zn-based barrier membranes for reconstituting alveolar bone defects. Considering the significant progress made in the research on Zn-based BMs for potential clinical applications, the challenges and promising research directions are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yageng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- FZU – the Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Guojiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianmin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
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3
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Pinc J, Školáková A, Hybášek V, Msallamová Š, Veřtát P, Ashcheulov P, Vondráček M, Duchoň J, McCarroll I, Hývl M, Banerjee S, Drahokoupil J, Kubásek J, Vojtěch D, Čapek J. A detailed mechanism of degradation behaviour of biodegradable as-ECAPed Zn-0.8Mg-0.2Sr with emphasis on localized corrosion attack. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:447-460. [PMID: 37168023 PMCID: PMC10164781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, advanced techniques such as atom probe tomography, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to determine the corrosion mechanism of the as-ECAPed Zn-0.8Mg-0.2Sr alloy. The influence of microstructural and surface features on the corrosion mechanism was investigated. Despite its significance, the surface composition before exposure is often neglected by the scientific community. The analyses revealed the formation of thin ZnO, MgO, and MgCO3 layers on the surface of the material before exposure. These layers participated in the formation of corrosion products, leading to the predominant occurrence of hydrozincite. In addition, the layers possessed different resistance to the environment, resulting in localized corrosion attacks. The segregation of Mg on the Zn grain boundaries with lower potential compared with the Zn-matrix was revealed by atom probe tomography and atomic force microscopy. The degradation process was initiated by the activity of micro-galvanic cells, specifically Zn - Mg2Zn11/SrZn13. This process led to the activity of the crevice corrosion mechanism and subsequent attack to a depth of 250 μm. The corrosion rate of the alloy determined by the weight loss method was 0.36 mm·a-1. Based on this detailed study, the degradation mechanism of the Zn-0.8Mg-0.2Sr alloy is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pinc
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andrea Školáková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Hybášek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Msallamová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Veřtát
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ashcheulov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vondráček
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Duchoň
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid McCarroll
- Max-Planck-Institut Für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matěj Hývl
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Swarnendu Banerjee
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Drahokoupil
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubásek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Vojtěch
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
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张 天, 刘 宇, 王 韦, 赵 德. [Research status and development of biodegradable zinc alloy as orthopedics implant]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 40:589-594. [PMID: 37380401 PMCID: PMC10307599 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202204077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Znic (Zn) alloys with good cytocompatibility and suitable degradation rate have been a kind of biodegradable metal with great potential for clinical applications. This paper summarizes the biological role of degradable Zn alloy as bone implant materials, discusses the mechanical properties of different Zn alloys and their advantages and disadvantages as bone implant materials, and analyzes the influence of different processing strategies (such as alloying and additive manufacturing) on the mechanical properties of Zn alloys. This paper provides systematic design approaches for biodegradable Zn alloys as bone implant materials in terms of the material selection, product processing, structural topology optimization, and assesses their application prospects with a view to better serve the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- 天蔚 张
- 大连交通大学 机械工程学院(辽宁大连 116028)College of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning 116028, P. R. China
- 大连大学附属中山医院 骨科(辽宁大连 116001)Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P. R. China
| | - 宇宸 刘
- 大连交通大学 机械工程学院(辽宁大连 116028)College of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning 116028, P. R. China
| | - 韦丹 王
- 大连交通大学 机械工程学院(辽宁大连 116028)College of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning 116028, P. R. China
| | - 德伟 赵
- 大连交通大学 机械工程学院(辽宁大连 116028)College of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning 116028, P. R. China
- 大连大学附属中山医院 骨科(辽宁大连 116001)Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P. R. China
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Pinc J, Kubásek J, Drahokoupil J, Čapek J, Vojtěch D, Školáková A. Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Newly Developed Zn-Mg-CaO Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238703. [PMID: 36500202 PMCID: PMC9737812 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Zn-0.8Mg-0.28CaO wt.% composite was successfully prepared using different conditions of ball milling (rotations and time) followed by a direct extrusion process. These materials were characterized from the point of view of microstructure and compressive properties, and the correlation between those characteristics was found. Microstructures of individual materials possessed differences in grain size, where the grain size decreased with the intensified conditions (milling speed and time). However, the mutual relation between grain size and compressive strength was not linear. This was caused by the effect of other factors, such as texture, intermetallic phases, and pores. Material texture affects the mechanical properties by a different activity ratio between basal and pyramidal <c + a> slips. The properties of intermetallic particles and pores were determined in material volume using micro-computed tomography (µCT), enhancing the precision of our assumptions compared with commonly applied methods. Based on that, and the analysis after the compressive tests, we were able to determine the influence of aspect ratio, feret diameters, and volume content of intermetallic phases and pores on mechanical behavior. The influence of the aspects on mechanical behavior is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pinc
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Drahokoupil
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Vojtěch
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Školáková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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Tong X, Zhu L, Wang K, Shi Z, Huang S, Li Y, Ma J, Wen C, Lin J. Impact of gadolinium on mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:361-373. [PMID: 35189378 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and its alloys are currently regarded as one of the promising families of biodegradable metals for implant applications owing to their suitable biodegradability and biofunctionality. However, the inadequate mechanical properties of as-cast (AC) pure Zn restricted the practical clinical bone-implant applications due to its coarse grain size and hexagon close-packed crystal structure. Here, the impact of gadolinium (Gd) on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, hemolysis percentage, anticoagulant activity, and cytotoxicity of AC and hot-rolled (HR) Zn-1Mg-xGd (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) (wt.%) alloys were investigated for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Tensile testing showed that the HR Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd alloy exhibited the highest tensile strength of 288.1 MPa, tensile yield strength of 250.9 MPa, and elongation of 13.2%. Electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests revealed that the corrosion rates of both AC and HR specimens increased with increasing Gd content in Hanks' solution, and the HR Zn-1Mg-xGd specimens exhibited higher corrosion rates compared to their AC counterparts. The HR Zn-1Mg-xGd specimens showed an increasing hemolysis percentages and decreasing activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values with increasing Gd addition. The alloy extracts of HR samples at ≤ 25% concentration exhibited no cytotoxicity toward MG-63 cells, and the HR Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd alloy displayed the highest cell viability among all three alloy extracts at 12.5% concentration. Overall, the HR Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd can be considered a promising biodegradable implant material for bone-implant materials owing to its high mechanical strength and ductility, suitable degradation rate, and satisfying biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, Zn-1Mg-xGd (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt.%) alloys were developed by alloying with gadolinium (Gd) and hot-rolling, and their mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, hemolysis percentage, anticoagulant activity, and cytotoxicity were investigated for biodegradable implant application. Our findings demonstrated that the hot-rolled Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd alloy exhibit the highest ultimate tensile strength of 288.1 MPa, yield strength of 250.9 MPa, and elongation of 13.2%. Hot-rolled Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys show slowly increasing hemolysis percentages and decreasing activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values with increasing Gd addition. Extracts of hot-rolled Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys at a concentration of ≤ 25% show no cytotoxicity towards MG-63 cells, and Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd exhibit good cytocompatibility among all three alloys at a concentration of 12.5%.
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Klíma K, Ulmann D, Bartoš M, Španko M, Dušková J, Vrbová R, Pinc J, Kubásek J, Vlk M, Ulmannová T, Foltán R, Brizman E, Drahoš M, Beňo M, Machoň V, Čapek J. A Complex Evaluation of the In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation of an Extruded ZnMgSr Absorbable Alloy Implanted into Rabbit Bones for 360 Days. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413444. [PMID: 34948238 PMCID: PMC8706155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of trauma in medicine brings with it new demands on the materials used for the surgical treatment of bone fractures. Titanium, its alloys, and steel are used worldwide in the treatment of skeletal injuries. These metallic materials, although inert, are often removed after the injured bone has healed. The second-stage procedure—the removal of the plates and screws—can overwhelm patients and overload healthcare systems. The development of suitable absorbable metallic materials would help us to overcome these issues. In this experimental study, we analyzed an extruded Zn-0.8Mg-0.2Sr (wt.%) alloy on a rabbit model. From this alloy we developed screws which were implanted into the rabbit tibia. After 120, 240, and 360 days, we tested the toxicity at the site of implantation and also within the vital organs: the liver, kidneys, and brain. The results were compared with a control group, implanted with a Ti-based screw and sacrificed after 360 days. The samples were analyzed using X-ray, micro-CT, and a scanning electron microscope. Chemical analysis revealed only small concentrations of zinc, strontium, and magnesium in the liver, kidneys, and brain. Histologically, the alloy was verified to possess very good biocompatibility after 360 days, without any signs of toxicity at the site of implantation. We did not observe raised levels of Sr, Zn, or Mg in any of the vital organs when compared with the Ti group at 360 days. The material was found to slowly degrade in vivo, forming solid corrosion products on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klíma
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Dan Ulmann
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Martin Bartoš
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Michal Španko
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Dušková
- Department of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Radka Vrbová
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jan Pinc
- Department of Functional Materials, FZU-The Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Vlk
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Tereza Ulmannová
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - René Foltán
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Eitan Brizman
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Milan Drahoš
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Michal Beňo
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vladimír Machoň
- Department of Stomatology, General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (D.U.); (M.B.); (M.Š.); (R.V.); (M.V.); (T.U.); (R.F.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- Department of Functional Materials, FZU-The Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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Special Issue "Absorbable Metals for Biomedical Applications". MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143835. [PMID: 34300754 PMCID: PMC8306265 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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