1
|
Zhu H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Wang S, He Y, He F. Additive manufacturing of dental ceramics in prosthodontics: The status quo and the future. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:380-399. [PMID: 38346729 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the available technologies, material categories, and prosthodontic applications of additive manufacturing (AM) dental ceramics, evaluate the achievable accuracy and mechanical properties in comparison with current mainstream computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods, and discuss future prospects and directions. STUDY SELECTION This paper is based on the latest reviews, state-of-the-art research, and existing ISO standards on AM technologies and prosthodontic applications of dental ceramics. PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were amongst the sources searched for narrative reviews. RESULTS Relatively few AM technologies are available and their applications are limited to crowns and fixed partial dentures. Although the accuracy and strength of AM dental ceramics are comparable to those of SM, they have the limitations of relatively inferior curved surface accuracy and low strength reliability. Furthermore, functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), a potential direction for AM, enables the realization of biomimetic structures, such as natural teeth; however, specific studies are currently lacking. CONCLUSIONS AM dental ceramics are not sufficiently developed for large-scale clinical applications. However, with additional research, it may be possible for AM to replace SM as the mainstream manufacturing technology for ceramic restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jimin Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Figueiredo-Pina CG, Serro AP. 3D Printing for Dental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4972. [PMID: 37512251 PMCID: PMC10381496 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to increased life expectancy and greater concern among populations regarding oral health problems and aesthetics, in the last few years, there has been a growing demand for dental structures and devices to replace/restore missing/damaged teeth [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célio Gabriel Figueiredo-Pina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2914-508 Setúbal, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teegen IS, Schadte P, Wille S, Adelung R, Siebert L, Kern M. Comparison of properties and cost efficiency of zirconia processed by DIW printing, casting and CAD/CAM-milling. Dent Mater 2023; 39:669-676. [PMID: 37230861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and cost efficiency of direct ink writing (DIW) printing of two different zirconia inks compared to casting and subtractive manufacturing. METHODS Zirconia disks were manufactured by DIW printing and the casting process and divided into six subgroups (n = 20) according to sintering temperatures (1350 °C, 1450 °C and 1550 °C) and two different ink compositions (Ink 1, Ink 2). A CAD/CAM-milled high strength zirconia (3Y-TZP) was added as reference group. The biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was measured using the piston-on-three-balls test. X-ray-diffraction (XRD) was used for microstructural analysis. The cost efficiency was compared for DIW printing and subtractive manufacturing by calculation of the manufacturing costs of one dental crown. RESULTS Using XRD, monoclinic and tetragonal phases were detected for Ink 1, for all other groups no monoclinic phase was detected. The CAD/CAM-milled ceramic showed a significantly higher BFS than all other groups. The BFS of Ink 2 was significantly higher than the BFS of Ink 1. At a sintering temperature of 1550 °C the mean BFS of the printed Ink 2 was 822 ± 174 MPa. The BFS of the cast materials did not show a significantly higher BFS than the corresponding printed group for any tested parameter-set. The manufacturing costs of DIW printed crowns are lower than the manufacturing costs of CAD/CAM-milled crowns. CONCLUSION DIW has a high potential to replace subtractive processes for dental applications, as it shows promising mechanical properties for appropriate ink compositions and facilitates a highly cost effective production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell-Sophie Teegen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schadte
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Leonard Siebert
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang CP, Romario YS, Toyserkani E. Development of a Novel Tape-Casting Multi-Slurry 3D Printing Technology to Fabricate the Ceramic/Metal Part. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:585. [PMID: 36676322 PMCID: PMC9863945 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Printing ceramic/metal parts increases the number of applications in additive manufacturing technology, but printing different materials on the same object with different mechanical properties will increase the difficulty of printing. Multi-material additive manufacturing technology is a solution. This study develops a novel tape-casting 3D printing technology that uses bottom-up photopolymerization to fabricate the green body for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) that consist of ceramic and copper. The composition of ceramic and copper slurries is optimized to allow printing without delamination and sintering without cracks. Unlike traditional tape-casting processing, the proposed method deposits two slurries on demand on a transparent film, scrapes it flat, then photopolymerization is induced using a liquid crystal displayer to project the layer pattern beneath the film. The experimental results show that both slurries have good bonding strength, with a weight ratio of powder to resin of 70:30, and print a U-shaped copper volume as a circuit within the LTCC green body. A three-stage sintering parameter is derived using thermogravimetric analysis to ensure good mechanical properties for the sintered part. The SEM images show that the ceramic/copper interface of the LTCC sintered part is well-bonded. The average hardness and flexural strength of the sintered ceramic are 537.1 HV and 126.61 MPa, respectively. Volume shrinkage for the LTCC slurry is 67.97%, which is comparable to the value for a copper slurry of 68.85%. The electrical resistance of the printed copper circuit is 0.175 Ω, which is slightly greater than the theoretical value, hence it has good electrical conductivity. The proposed tape-casting 3D printer is used to print an LTCC benchmark. The sintered benchmark part is validated for the application in the LTCC application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Pei Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yulius Shan Romario
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ehsan Toyserkani
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|