Paik Y, Kim MJ, Kim H, Kang SW, Choi YK, Kim YI. The Effect of Biomimetic Remineralization of Calcium Phosphate Ion Clusters-Treated Enamel Surfaces on Bracket Shear Bond Strength.
Int J Nanomedicine 2023;
18:4365-4379. [PMID:
37545871 PMCID:
PMC10402720 DOI:
10.2147/ijn.s420462]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the remineralization effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) on demineralized enamel surfaces and their effects on bracket shear bond strength.
Patients and Methods
Extracted premolars were prepared in resin blocks. The samples in the form of resin blocks were divided into five experimental groups: control group, demineralized group, and groups of CPIC solution treatment for 30, 60, and 90s. The specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), microhardness testing, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment, shear bond strength (SBS) test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score.
Results
The SEM images revealed epitaxial growth of enamel and a decrease in the thickness of the demineralized enamel layer when treated with CPIC solution. The EDX analysis revealed an increase in the Ca/P ratio in the CPIC-treated groups. The microhardness value significantly increased when treated with CPICs; however, it showed a lower value than that of the sound enamel groups. As a result of the micro-CT test, radiolucency decreased gradually as the CPIC treatment time increased. The SBS test and ARI score results showed an improvement in bonding stability after treatment with CPICs.
Conclusion
We demonstrated an enamel biomodification approach using CPIC solution treatment, which is a promising strategy for enamel remineralization. Specifically, remineralization of demineralized enamel improves the orthodontic bracket SBS.
Collapse