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D'Alessandro C, Josic U, Mazzitelli C, Maravic T, Graham L, Barausse C, Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Blatz MB. Is zirconia surface etching a viable alternative to airborne particle abrasion? A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Dent 2024:105394. [PMID: 39374733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of various etching surface treatments on zirconia bond strength with the following research question: "Can zirconia etching serve as a viable alternative to airborne particle abrasion (APA) for achieving reliable bonding?". DATA In vitro studies comparing APA, performed with either conventional or silica-coated aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles, with various etching protocols in terms of bonding performance were included. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the QUIN's tool for in vitro studies. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan; random-effects models were applied, and heterogeneity was tested using the I2 index. The significance level was set at p<0.05. SOURCES A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases, including Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest. STUDY SELECTION Fifty-four relevant articles were included in this systematic review. According to the QUIN's tool, 7 studies were rated as "high risk of bias", 46 studies were rated as "medium risk", and 1 study was rated as "low risk". Nineteen studies were used for meta-analyses. Mostly, APA demonstrated significantly higher bond strength compared to various etching protocols (p<0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between APA and high concentrations (40-48%) of hydrofluoric acid (HF) in terms of immediate- and medium-term bond strength to resin composite (p>0.05). On enamel, an experimental hot etching solution performed significantly better than APA in short-term follow-up (p<0.05). A novel multi-acid solution exhibited significantly higher immediate shear bond strength to resin cement than APA (p<0.05). Variable heterogeneity, ranging from low to high, was observed. CONCLUSIONS APA remains the surface treatment with the strongest evidence in the literature and it is usually more efficacious than zirconia etching. However, highly concentrated HF and an experimental hot etching solution have demonstrated similar or significantly higher bond strength values over time compared to APA, depending on the adhesive substrate. A recently introduced multi-acid solution (Zircos-E) needs to be further explored. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing in vitro evidence on the potential of zirconia etching and the bond durability of resin-based materials after artificial aging. Selecting appropriate surface treatment protocols is crucial for achieving optimal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo D'Alessandro
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uros Josic
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laurel Graham
- School of Dental Medicine, Levy Dental Medicine Library, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlo Barausse
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Markus B Blatz
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Wongsue S, Thanatvarakorn O, Prasansuttiporn T, Nimmanpipug P, Sastraruji T, Hosaka K, Foxton RM, Nakajima M. Effect of surface topography and wettability on shear bond strength of Y-TZP ceramic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18249. [PMID: 37880480 PMCID: PMC10600127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics have been widely used as dental restorations due to their esthetic appearance and high flexural strength. The bonding of zirconia with resin cement should rely on both mechanical and chemical bonds. This study was performed to investigate the effect of zirconia surface topography and its wettability after surface pretreatments on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a resin cement. Zirconia slabs were prepared and randomly divided into 5 groups based on the surface treatment as follows: no treatment (control), air abrasion (AB), etching with hydrofluoric acid (F), the mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid (FN), or the mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (CN) for 10 min. The specimens were subjected to investigation of surface roughness characteristics [average roughness (Ra), peak-to-valley average distance (Rpv), skewness (Rsk), and kurtosis (Rku)] using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and measurements of surface contact angle (θc) and μSBS of a resin cement. In addition, the area % of the nanoscale surface irregularity (nSI%) was calculated from the AFM images. The effects of nSI%, Ra and θc on the μSBS were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the nSI% was the most predominant factor for the μSBS (p < 0.001). A surface with larger nSI%, higher Ra and relatively lower θc was essential for establishing a reliable resin-zirconia bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriyakul Wongsue
- Dental Section, Buddhasothorn Hospital, Na Muang, Muang, 24000, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Ornnicha Thanatvarakorn
- Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkokthonburi University, 16/10 Leab Klong Taweewatana Rd., Taweewatana, 10170, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taweesak Prasansuttiporn
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Nimmanpipug
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Richard M Foxton
- King's College London Dental Institute, King's College London, Floor 25, London Bridge, London, SE1-9RT, UK
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Jabbour Z, Kim M, Hayashi M, Kim R. Phosphoric Acid Etch Partially Restores the Initial Bond Strength of Composite to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Enamel Using Universal Adhesives. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:161. [PMID: 37504227 PMCID: PMC10378314 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoring bonding composite to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated enamel is challenging. This study investigates if phosphoric acid etch restores composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel using universal adhesives. METHODS Twenty-four recently extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into 4 (2 experimental (SDF) and 2 control (CTR)) groups: SDF+Water: SDF (1 min) then water rinse (15 mL); CTR+Water: no treatment and water rinse (15 mL); SDF+Etch+Water: SDF (1 min), 35% phosphoric acid (40 s) then water rinse (15 mL); CTR+Etch+Water no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid (40 s) then water rinse (15 mL). The enamel surface in all the groups was bonded (All-Bond Universal) to 4-5 mm composite blocks (Z-250). Each sample was sectioned, and 6-8 beams (1 mm × 1 mm) were selected. The micro-tensile bond strength was measured by dividing the micro-tensile force peak by the adhesive surface area. Univariate ANOVA and Chi-square were used for between-group comparisons with p < 0.05. RESULTS SDF+Water had significantly lower tensile strength compared to all the groups (p < 0.05). Although no difference was found in the tensile strength between the SDF+Etch+Water and the CTR+Etch+Water, the SDF+Etch+Water had significantly more adhesive failures compared to the CTR+Etch+Water (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS While phosphoric acid etch seems to restore the initial composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel, the long-term success of composite restorations bonded to SDF-treated enamel may need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Jabbour
- Section of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mijoo Kim
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Hayashi
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben Kim
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zirconia Nanoparticles as Reinforcing Agents for Contemporary Dental Luting Cements: Physicochemical Properties and Shear Bond Strength to Monolithic Zirconia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032067. [PMID: 36768390 PMCID: PMC9916921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofillers in resin materials can improve their mechanical and physicochemical properties. The present work investigated the effects of zirconia nanoparticles (NPs) as fillers in commercial dental luting cements. Two dual-cured self-adhesive composites and one resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) luting cement were employed. Film thickness (FT), flexural strength (FS), water sorption (Wsp), and shear bond strength (SBS) to monolithic zirconia were evaluated according to ISO 16506:2017 and ISO 9917-2:2017, whereas polymerization progress was evaluated with FTIR. Photopolymerization resulted in double the values of DC%. The addition of 1% wt NPs does not significantly influence polymerization, however, greater amounts do not promote crosslinking. The sorption behavior and the mechanical performance of the composites were not affected, while the film thickness increased in all luting agents, within the acceptable limits. Thermocycling (TC) resulted in a deteriorating effect on all composites. The addition of NPs significantly improved the mechanical properties of the RMGI cement only, without negatively affecting the other cements. Adhesive primer increased the initial SBS significantly, however after TC, its application was only beneficial for RMGI. The MDP containing luting cement showed higher SBS compared to the RMGI and 4-META luting agents. Future commercial adhesives containing zirconia nanoparticles could provide cements with improved mechanical properties.
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Kim SH, Cho SC, Lee MH, Kim HJ, Oh NS. Effect of 9% Hydrofluoric Acid Gel Hot-Etching Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cements to Zirconia Ceramics. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101469. [PMID: 36295629 PMCID: PMC9611273 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is no consensus regarding the surface treatment method for achieving optimal bonding strength between zirconia and resin cements. We evaluated the effect of hot-etching with 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF) gel using the Zirconia Etchant Cloud System on zirconia surfaces and the consequent shear bond strength (SBS) of different resin cements to such surface-treated zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: Forty-five zirconia specimens were randomly assigned to surface-treatment groups (n = 15/group): no treatment (control, CT); sandblasting with 110-μm Al2O3 at an air pressure of 1 bar for 10 s (SB); hot-etching with 9% HF gel (HE). Post-treatment, specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness (SR) analysis. After treatment, self-adhesive resin cements (Maxcem Elite, MAZIC Cem, RelyX U200, 3M ESPE: Maplewood, MN, USA) were bonded to zirconia specimens, which were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. All specimens were then subjected to SBS testing, using a universal testing machine, until failure. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: In the SEM images, roughness was greater in SB than in HE specimens. Ra and Rt values were highest in SB, followed by HE, and CT specimens. HE specimens showed significantly higher SBS values than CT or SB specimens (p < 0.05). MAZIC Cem cement, with 10-methacryloyloxydcyl dihydrogen phosphate yielded the highest SBS values. Conclusions: Hot-etching with 9% HF gel in a safe shell formed uniformly small, defined holes on the zirconia surface and achieved significantly higher SBS values than sandblasting (p < 0.05). Zirconia prostheses can be bonded micromechanically with resin cement, without the deterioration of properties due to t-m transformation, using chemical acid etching with the Zirconia Etchant Cloud System.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Lee
- Energy & Environmental Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju 52851, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Dentistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (N.-S.O.); Tel.: +82-52-250-7230 (H.-J.K.); +82-32-890-3264 (N.-S.O.)
| | - Nam-Sik Oh
- Department of Dentistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22332, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (N.-S.O.); Tel.: +82-52-250-7230 (H.-J.K.); +82-32-890-3264 (N.-S.O.)
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Carvalho PCK, Almeida CCMS, Souza ROA, Tango RN. The Effect of a 10-MDP-Based Dentin Adhesive as Alternative for Bonding to Implant Abutment Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15155449. [PMID: 35955383 PMCID: PMC9369591 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bonding to different dental restorative materials is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 10-MDP-based dentin adhesive on the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cement (RC) to implant abutment materials. One hundred and twenty specimens were obtained from zirconia (ZO), cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCr), and commercially pure titanium (Ti), which were treated as follows (n = 10): control group-non-treated (CG), 10-MDP-based dentin adhesive (SB), light-cured SB (SB-LC), and zirconia primer (ZP). Blocks of RC were buildup and, after 24 h, were tested for bond strength. Data of SBS (MPa) were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). There was no difference in SBS among materials for CG and ZP, higher SBS were recorded for Ti SB and Ti SB-LC compared to ZO upon the same surface treatments. For the comparisons among treatments, SB-LC showed the highest SBS for CoCr. For ZO and Ti, higher SBS were recorded with SB and SB-LC. No cohesive failures were observed. It was concluded that the surface treatment with 10-MDP-based materials increased the bond strength of the resin cement to abutment materials, which showed to be material dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. K. Carvalho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo O. A. Souza
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Rubens Nisie Tango
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-123-947-9369
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