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Bernardini C, Zamparini F, Prati C, Salaroli R, Spinelli A, Zannoni A, Forni M, Gandolfi MG. Osteoinductive and regenerative potential of premixed calcium-silicate bioceramic sealers on vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1264-1278. [PMID: 38943551 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM The osteogenic potential of new premixed calcium-silicate-containing bioceramic sealers (Ca-Si sealers) was tested with porcine vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells (pVW-MSCs). METHODOLOGY Two Ca-Si-containing sealers: Ceraseal (MetaBiomed, Cheong-si, South Korea) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Maruchi, Wonju-si, South Korea), and an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) as a control, were prepared according to the manufacturers' indications. All samples were allowed to set for 100% of their setting time in a sterile humid cabinet at 37°C and 95% relative humidity. pVW-MSC seeding efficiency and osteogenic differentiation were analysed as marker of gene/protein expression for up to 12 days. Mineralization assay and immunofluorescence staining were performed and evaluated over a period of 21 days. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (p < .05). Additional samples were prepared and stored under the same conditions and inspected using an environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. RESULTS Significantly higher cell seeding efficiency (p < .05) was observed for both Ca-Si sealers from day 8. pVW-MSCs showed a significant shift towards the osteogenic lineage only when seeded in contact with Ca-Si sealers. Gene expression of osteopontin was upregulated significantly. Collagen I and osteocalcin were clearly expressed by cells in contact with Ca-Si sealers. Mineralization granules were observed in Alizarin red assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of both Ca-Si sealers. No gene expression or granule mineralization were observed on the epoxy resin sealer. CONCLUSIONS Premixed Ca-Si sealers displayed a higher potential for osteogenic activity on pVW-MSCs. Epoxy resin sealer was unable to induce any osteogenic activity. The properties of both Ca-Si sealers suggest their potential as osteoinductive platforms for vascular MSCs in periapical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinelli
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Valerio L, Oda LY, Copelli FA, Rodrigues CT, Carneiro E, Duarte MAH, Cavenago BC. Effect of the filling technique on the filling removal from oval-shaped canals. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:453. [PMID: 39060471 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This ex vivo study aimed to evaluate the influence of different filling techniques on the filling removal from oval root canals filled with bioceramic sealer. METHODS Thirty-six mandibular incisors with single oval canals were filled with bioceramic sealer following the techniques (n = 12): single-cone, modified McSpadden, or continuous wave of condensation, and scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The filling was removed using the Clearsonic ultrasound tip and Reciproc system up to the R40 instrument, and the working time was recorded. The teeth were scanned again by micro-CT. Percentage of remnant volume (mm³) of the filling material, dentin thickness, and root canal transportation were measured. The data was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS It took more time to remove the filling material using the continuous wave of condensation technique (p < 0.05), followed by the modified McSpadden and single-cone techniques. There was no difference (p > 0.05) when comparing the percentage of remaining filling material among the three groups, nor did it among the segments of each tooth. There was also no difference in the analysis of dentin thickness and transportation when comparing the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The filling technique did not influence the amount of remaining filling material, dentin thickness, and transportation. The working time was longer with thermoplastic filling techniques. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Endodontic retreatment in teeth filled with bioceramic sealers increases with their use. Several techniques are used to fill the root canals, thus, it is important to know whether the filling technique influences the non-surgical endodontic retreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lislaine Valerio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lisa Yurie Oda
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- , Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner no. 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Everdan Carneiro
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kim HI, Jang YE, Kim Y, Kim BS. Physicochemical Changes in Root-Canal Sealers under Thermal Challenge: A Comparative Analysis of Calcium Silicate- and Epoxy-Resin-Based Sealers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1932. [PMID: 38673289 PMCID: PMC11052323 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the effects of heat on the physicochemical properties of recently developed calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs), including BioRoot Flow, BioRoot RCS, and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer, with those of the epoxy-resin-based sealer (ERBS) AH Plus. METHODS The flow, film thickness, setting time, and solubility of sealers were evaluated at 37 °C and 100 °C using ISO 6876/2012. Furthermore, pH and calcium ion release were evaluated at these temperatures. In addition, the mass change in sealers at a high temperature was assessed via thermogravimetric analysis. Then, the chemical composition and components of the sealers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus complied with ISO standards in terms of flow and film thickness, both before and after heat application. However, BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly increased film thickness at 100 °C. The setting times of all sealers were significantly reduced at 100 °C. The solubility of CSBS was >3%, exceeding the ISO 6876/2012 standard, both before and after heat exposure. Conversely, the solubility of AH Plus complied with the standard, regardless of the thermal condition. For 4 weeks, CSBS showed a significantly higher pH than AH Plus at both 37 °C and 100 °C. After heat treatment, calcium release decreased in Bioroot RCS and BioRoot Flow, while AH Plus showed no significant differences before and after treatment. However, CSBS consistently exhibited significantly higher calcium release than AH Plus at both temperatures. An FTIR analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the sealers did not change at the high temperature, whereas a thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated a >5% weight reduction in CSBS and a 0.005% weight reduction in AH Plus at 100 °C. CONCLUSIONS BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus possess favorable physicochemical properties, which make them suitable for application under thermal conditions. At a high temperature, BioRoot RCS did not exhibit changes in its chemical composition. However, its film thickness was increased, and pH and solubility were reduced. Therefore, caution is needed when it is applied at high temperatures, such as during the warm obturation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-In Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Young-Eun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea
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Ito R, Watanabe S, Kouno A, Yamauchi S, Okiji T. Heat-Induced Changes in the Physical Properties of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate-Containing Root Canal Sealer: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38668018 PMCID: PMC11048785 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine how heating affects the physical properties of a newly developed premixed calcium silicate-containing sealer (AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer; AHB), in comparison with EndoSequence BC Sealer (ES), AH Plus Jet (AH), and Pulp Canal Sealer. The setting time, flow, and film thickness were tested with or without heating at 100 °C for 30 or 60 s, in accordance with ISO6876:2012 standards. Ultrastructural and elemental analyses were performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). All sealers exhibited significantly shorter setting time and flow after heating at 100 °C for 30 and 60 s (p < 0.05). After heating, AHB showed a significantly higher film thickness compared to that of the other materials (p < 0.05). None of the tested properties of heat-applied AHB and ES met ISO standards, except the setting time in ES. The SEM/EDS results for AHB and ES were not affected by heating. The detected changes in physical properties can negatively impact the performance of premixed calcium silicate-containing sealers, particularly AHB, when warm vertical compaction is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (R.I.); (A.K.); (S.Y.); (T.O.)
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Quaresma SAL, Alves Dos Santos GN, Silva-Sousa AC, Camargo RV, Lopes-Olhê FC, Silva-Sousa YTC, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Sousa-Neto MD. Physicochemical properties of calcium silicate cement based endodontic sealers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106400. [PMID: 38262184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM To mensure the physicochemical properties of three ceramic cement endodontic sealers AH Plus Bioceramic, Bio-C Sealer and Bio-C Sealer Ion+ with an epoxy resin sealer, AH Plus. MATERIAL AND METHODS These properties were measured: hardening time (HT), dimensional change (DC), solubility (SL), flow (FL) and radiopacity (RD). The distilled water obtained from the SL test was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry. A sample calculation was made considering n = 5 repetitions for each experimental sealer evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS For the HT, AH Plus (484 ± 2.76 min) and AH Plus Bioceramic (424 ± 1.23 min) set more slowly than of Bio-C Sealer (370 ± 4.50 min) and Bio-C Sealer Ion+ (380 ± 1.42 min) (p < 0.05). AH Plus Bioceramic (12.56 ± 2.71 %) was more soluble than Bio-C Sealer (6.69 ± 1.67 %), Bio-C Sealer Ion+ (5.67 ± 2.16 %) and AH Plus (0.15 ± 0.01 %) (p < 0.05). AH Plus (0.03 ± 0.01 %) had slight expansion while the cement-based sealers had shrinkage: AH Plus Bioceramic (-1.60 ± 0.63 %) and Bio-C Sealer (-1.38 ± 0.69 %), Bio-C Sealer Ion+ (-5.19 ± 1.23 %) (p < 0.05). Bio-C Sealer Ion+ (59.80 ± 0.86 mm) and Bio-C Sealer (58.60 ± 0.98 mm) had the highest flow compared with AH Plus (56.90 ± 0.56 mm) and AH Plus Bioceramic (49.50 ± 0.63 mm) (p < 0.05). AH Plus (9.17 ± 0.06 mmAl) and AH Plus Bioceramic (8.27 ± 0.84 mmAl) showed radiopacity values when compared with those of Bio-C Sealer (4.90 ± 0.08 mmAl) and Bio-C Sealer Ion+ (4.14 ± 0.05 mmAl) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Ion release is inhered to these cement-based sealers and this result in calcium ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio André Lopes Quaresma
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nilson Alves Dos Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Verardino Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Raman V, Camilleri J. Characterization and Assessment of Physical Properties of 3 Single Syringe Hydraulic Cement-based Sealers. J Endod 2024; 50:381-388. [PMID: 38219956 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the sealer properties and will affect the quality and outcome of root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical properties of 3 hydraulic cement-based sealers, namely BC Universal sealer compared with Totalfill BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic. METHODS The microstructure and composition of the sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy after setting. The crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the leachates were tested using inductively coupled plasma. All testing was performed at 0, 7, and 28 days. The physical properties of film thickness, flow, radiopacity, and solubility were evaluated using ISO 6876:2012 standards. RESULTS All 3 sealers contained calcium, zirconium, and silicon. Totalfill BC had the highest calcium release at 7 and 28 days followed by AH Plus Bioceramic and BC Universal sealer. All 3 sealers adhered to the ISO standard in terms of flow and radiopacity. BC Universal sealer was slightly over the range (>50 μm) for film thickness. All sealers exceeded the solubility range set by ISO 6876:2012. CONCLUSION Although these hydraulic cement sealers had similar components and delivery, the properties varied significantly. The testing of material properties to confirm the suitability for clinical use is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veksina Raman
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Emam SA, Mahran AH, Elshafei MM. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and adaptability of a novel bioceramic root canal sealer: An in vitro and scanning electron microscope study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:326-330. [PMID: 38634022 PMCID: PMC11019808 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_40_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Context Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment. Aims Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability. Materials and Methods Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h. After their incubation, MTT solution was added to each well plate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader was implemented to calculate the percentage of viable cells. Thirty mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared using the Edge Endo rotary system, teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the sealer type: Group 1 CeramoSeal, Group 2 Totalfill, and Group 3 AH plus sealer. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and viewed under a scanning electron microscope where the region with the gaps was identified and quantified as a percentage of the root canal's overall area. Statistical Analysis One-way ANOVA test was used for cytotoxicity, while Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used for adaptability. Results Ceramoseal statistically significantly showed the lowest viability, at high concentrations AH plus showed the highest cell viability, while at lower concentration Totalfill BC sealer showed the highest cell viability percentage. The gap percentages were statistically significantly higher in Ceramoseal group, there was no statistically significant difference between AH Plus and Totalfill groups. Conclusions Ceramoseal sealer exhibited the lowest viability and highest gap percentage compared to the other sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Alaa Emam
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Hashem Mahran
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mokbel Elshafei
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Al Akam H, Kim HC, Jeong JW. Retreatment Strategies for Cases Containing Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Comprehensive Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:41. [PMID: 38392245 PMCID: PMC10888468 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the field of retreatment strategies for cases filled with calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Since the introduction of calcium silicate-based materials in dentistry, calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have become popular among dentists because of their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and sealing ability. Therefore, effective retreatment strategies are indispensable. This article aims to identify the challenges associated with the removal of calcium silicate-based sealers themselves and removal of gutta-percha with the sealers during retreatment, evaluate current techniques and materials, and provide future directions for research in this field. Regarding the strategies of removal of root canal sealers, calcium silicate-based sealers are still relatively new materials for clinicians compared with traditional sealers such as epoxy- or eugenol-based sealers. First, no clinically established solvents have been reported. Second, calcium silicate-based sealers are currently utilized by clinicians in either the cold sealer-based technique or the warm vertical condensation technique. Third, the setting process of calcium silicate-based sealers generates byproducts, primarily calcium hydroxide and secondarily hydroxyapatite, that could interact with dentine. Lastly, there is a lack of clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of retreatment protocols for teeth filled with calcium silicate-based sealers. Therefore, it is important to investigate the chemo-mechanical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers themselves and their reactions to solvents and/or mechanical instruments and identify the interfacial properties of calcium silicate-based sealers with respect to dentine and gutta-percha. In addition, researchers in the clinical field need to actively gather and report data on retreatments of teeth filled with calcium silicate-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Al Akam
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street, Suite 6400, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Jeong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street, Suite 6400, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Hamdy TM, Galal MM, Ismail AG, Saber S. Physicochemical properties of AH plus bioceramic sealer, Bio-C Sealer, and ADseal root canal sealer. Head Face Med 2024; 20:2. [PMID: 38172921 PMCID: PMC10765876 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of two newly introduced premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer and Bio-C Sealer) compared to a resin-based root canal sealer (ADseal root canal sealer). METHODS Solubility, pH analysis, calcium ion release, and film thickness of each sealer were evaluated following ISO guidelines. The data were examined using the two-way ANOVA test. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination was performed to investigate the crystalline phase of each type of sealer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was done for the chemical elemental analysis of each sealer. RESULTS The least film thickness, highest alkalinity, and highest calcium ion release were all displayed by AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. High solubility, high alkalinity, intermediate calcium ion release, and intermediate film thickness were all displayed by Bio-C Sealer. While ADseal root canal sealer displayed the greatest film thickness, least solubility, alkalinity, and calcium ion release. CONCLUSIONS Both AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer and Bio-C Sealer represented adequate properties to be considered a good sealer that could be used as a potential alternative to resin-based root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Manar M Galal
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira Galal Ismail
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Shehabeldin Saber
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11841, Egypt
- Center for Innovative Dental Sciences, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11841, Egypt
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Quaresma SAL, Alves Dos Santos GN, Silva-Sousa AC, Camargo RV, Silva-Sousa YT, Lopes-Olhê FC, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Sousa-Neto MD. Influence of bioceramic cones on the quality of root canal filling relative to bond strength and adaptation of the adhesive interface. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7919-7933. [PMID: 38032392 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the bond strength (BS) and analysis of the adhesive interface in root canals filled with bioceramic gutta percha sealers and cones. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six maxillary canines were divided into eight groups according to the endodontic sealer (AH Plus, AH Plus Bioceramic, Bio-C Sealer or Bio-C Sealer Ion+ and gutta percha cones (conventional or bioceramic) tested. They were analyzed using the BS test, failure pattern, analysis of the adhesive interface by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The BS data were compared between groups using the analysis of variance test with the Turkey post-test. The chi-square test was used to assess the type of failure and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruse-Wallis tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS Analysis of variance showed higher BS values for the groups of bioceramic gutta percha cones in Bio-C Sealer Ion+ (8.38 ± 4.27), AH Plus Bioceramic (6.19 ± 3.28), Bio-C Sealer (5.70 ± 3.18), AH Plus (4.61 ± 2.11) and for conventional gutta percha cones in AH Plus sealers (4.26 ± 2.35), Bio-C Sealer Ion + (3.63 ± 2.29), Bio-C Sealer (2.94 ± 2.32) and AH Plus Bioceramic (1.19 ± 0.89) (P < 0.05). Relative to the type of failure and adaptation of the types of filling material, a higher percentage of mixed failures was observed (gaps between 1 µm-10 µm) for the group with bioceramic gutta percha cones (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The bond between sealers and bioceramic gutta percha cones showed higher bond strength values and greater penetration into the dentin tubules. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The filling the root canal system with bioceramic sealers should be associated with bioceramic gutta percha cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio André Lopes Quaresma
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nilson Alves Dos Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil
| | - Rafael Verardino Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil
| | - Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14020-904, Brazil.
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Saber S, Galal MM, Ismail AG, Hamdy TM. Thermal, chemical and physical analysis of VDW.1Seal, Fill Root ST, and ADseal root canal sealers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14829. [PMID: 37684307 PMCID: PMC10491594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the thermal, chemical, and physical properties of VDW.1Seal, Fill Root ST, and ADseal sealers. Thermal properties were analyzed using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Attenuated total reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis was performed as a complementary test to confirm TGA/DTA analysis. The chemical composition of the set sealer material was identified using an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) system. Other physical properties of each sealer were investigated; ten specimens were used to measure the solubility (at 24 h and 28 days), and another ten specimens were used to assess pH changes and calcium ion release (after 7 and 14 days). Film thickness was done according to ISO 6876 specs. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test. Results showed that for all sealers, TGA analysis revealed a direct relationship between sealer mass loss and temperature rise. In addition, the decomposition of the tested sealers started at 145 °C, 135 °C and 91 °C for VDW.1Seal, ADseal sealer, and Fill Root ST, respectively. XRD analysis revealed a higher degree of crystallinity for VDW.1Seal and ADseal. ADseal showed the least solubility; VDW.1Seal exhibited the highest alkalinity, calcium ion release, and the lowest film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin Saber
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, 81-11-11 El-Rehab, Cairo, 11841, Egypt.
- Center for Innovative Dental Sciences, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt.
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Manar M Galal
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira Galal Ismail
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
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Saber S, Raafat S, Elashiry M, El-Banna A, Schäfer E. Effect of Different Sealers on the Cytocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062344. [PMID: 36983344 PMCID: PMC10056919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is tendency for unavoidable sealer extrusion in some clinical cases. This might adversely affect host stem cells and affect healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sealers on the cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods: The cytotoxic effect of the extracted elutes of VDW.1Seal (VDW.1), Endosequence BC Sealer HiFlow (ES), GuttaFlow-2 (GF), and ADSeal (AD-S) on the hPDLSCs was determined using the MTT assay. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by the scratch wound healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed. Measurement of pH values and calcium ions release was performed. Results: GF had a significantly higher percentage of viable cells. The cell migration assay showed that GF demonstrated the lowest open wound area percentage. GF and AD-S showed the highest calcium nodule deposition. GF demonstrated higher ALP activity than ES. Expression of RUNX2 and OC genes was similar for all sealers, while OPG gene expression was significantly higher for VDW.1 and GF. ES and AD-S displayed the highest pH values on day 1. Calcium ion release of ES and VDW.1 was significantly the highest. Conclusions: GuttaFlow-2 and VDW.1Seal sealers have favorable behavior toward host stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shereen Raafat
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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Dong X, Xu X. Bioceramics in Endodontics: Updates and Future Perspectives. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030354. [PMID: 36978746 PMCID: PMC10045528 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioceramics, with excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility, have been widely used in dentistry, particularly in endodontics. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the most widely used bioceramic in endodontics. Recently, many new bioceramics have been developed, showing good potential for the treatment of endodontic diseases. This paper reviews the characteristics of bioceramics and their applications in various clinical endodontic situations, including root-end filling, root canal therapy, vital pulp therapy, apexification/regenerative endodontic treatment, perforation repair, and root defect repair. Relevant literature published from 1993 to 2023 was searched by keywords in PubMed and Web of Science. Current evidence supports the predictable outcome of MTA in the treatment of endodontic diseases. Although novel bioceramics such as Biodentine, EndoSequence, and calcium-enriched mixtures have shown promising clinical outcomes, more well-controlled clinical trials are still needed to provide high-level evidence for their application in endodontics. In addition, to better tackle the clinical challenges in endodontics, efforts are needed to improve the bioactivity of bioceramics, particularly to enhance their antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties and reduce their setting time and solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-85503494
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In vitro evaluation of the sealing ability of combined use of iRoot BP Plus and iRoot SP for root-end filling. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04896-5. [PMID: 36746820 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of combined application of iRoot BP Plus Root Repair Material (BP-RRM) and iRoot SP Injectable Root Canal Sealer (SP-RCS) for root-end filling. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 120 extracted human teeth were used in this study and were randomly divided into four groups. The BP-RRM+SP-RCS group included teeth retro-filled with combined use of BP-RRM and SP-RCS (n=45), and the BP-RRM group included teeth retro-filled by BP-RRM alone (n=45). Teeth without root-end preparation and filling were equally divided into positive control (n=15) and negative control (n=15). The apical sealing ability was evaluated by micro-CT analysis, dye penetrant examination, bacterial leakage test, and glucose leakage test. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis showed that the total void fraction of BP-RRM+SP-RCS group was significantly lower than that of BP-RRM group, particularly at the coronal 1/3 segment of the retro-filled roots. Consistently, the maximum linear depth of dye leakage in BP-RRM+SP-RCS group was less than that of BP-RRM group. Bacterial leakage test showed that the microbial leakage in BP-RRM+SP-RCS group was significantly less than that in BP-RRM group. However, no significant difference in glucose leakage between BP-RRM+SP-RCS group and BP-RRM group was observed. CONCLUSION Combined use of BP-RRM and SP-RCS for root-end filling promotes apical sealing in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined use of BP-RRM and SP-RCS for root-end filling exhibited better apical sealing as compared to BP-RRM alone in vitro, and this may help reducing technical sensitivity and promoting clinical efficiency during endodontic microsurgery.
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Girelli CFM, de Lima CO, Silveira FF, Lacerda MFLS, Nunes E. Marginal gaps and voids using two warm compaction techniques and different sealers: a micro-CT study. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04866-x. [PMID: 36695972 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the percentage of marginal gaps and voids in oval-shaped canals obturated by using two warm compaction techniques with a Bio-C sealer and AH Plus Jet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty canines with oval canals were scanned by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and root canal preparation was performed with an XP-endo Shaper system and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Then, the specimens were paired into four groups (n=10) according to the root canal filling technique and endodontic sealer: Bio-C sealer and continuous wave of condensation, Bio-C sealer and Tagger's hybrid, AH Plus Jet and continuous wave of condensation, and AH Plus Jet and Tagger's hybrid. After root canal filling, a new scan was performed. The percentage of marginal gaps and voids was calculated with the ImageJ software, and the data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The percentage of marginal gaps was significantly lower in the Bio-C sealer than in AH Plus Jet (p=0.021) regardless of the technique. However, no difference was found in the percentage of voids between root canal filling techniques and the endodontic sealer (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Both sealers and techniques demonstrated good quality of root canal filling. However, the use of the Bio-C sealer enhanced the filling ability by reducing marginal gaps, regardless of the root canal filling technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlights the better performance of the Bio-C sealer in the quality of the root canal filling, reducing marginal gaps when compared to AH Plus Jet independent of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. São Paulo, 745 - Centro, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, 35010-180, Brazil
| | - Frank Ferreira Silveira
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Nunes
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kato G, Gomes PS, Neppelenbroek KH, Rodrigues C, Fernandes MH, Grenho L. Fast-Setting Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Cements-Integrated Antibacterial, Irritation and Cytocompatibility Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:450. [PMID: 36614788 PMCID: PMC9822223 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are endodontic materials widely used in vital pulp-capping approaches. Concerning the clinical application, the reduced set time and pre-mixed formulations are relevant characteristics during the operative management of pulpal exposure, aiming to optimise the work time and improve cross-infection/asepsis control. Additionally, clinical success seems to be greatly dependent on the biological performance of the materials that directly contact the living pulp. As such, this work approaches an integrative biological characterisation (i.e., antibacterial, irritation, and cytocompatibility assays) of three fast-setting CSCs-BiodentineTM, TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and Theracal LC®. These cements, after setting for 24 h, presented the expected topography and elemental composition (assessed by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with EDS analysis), in accordance with the information of the manufacturer. The set cements displayed a significant and similar antibiofilm activity against S. mutans, in a direct contact assay. Twenty-four-hour eluates were not irritant in the standardised CAM assay, but elicited distinct dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity profiles on fibroblastic cells-i.e., Biodentine was devoid of toxicity, TotalFill presented a slight dose-dependent initial toxicity that was easily overcome, and Theracal LC was deleterious at high concentrations. When compared to long-setting ProRoot MTA cement, which highlighted the pursued integrative approach, Biodentine presented a similar profile, but TotalFill and Theracal LC displayed a poorer performance regarding antibiofilm activity/cytocompatibility features, and Theracal LC suggested eventual safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kato
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Rodrigues
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
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Kharouf N, Sauro S, Eid A, Zghal J, Jmal H, Seck A, Macaluso V, Addiego F, Inchingolo F, Affolter-Zbaraszczuk C, Meyer F, Haikel Y, Mancino D. Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Premixed Calcium Silicate and Resin Sealers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010009. [PMID: 36662056 PMCID: PMC9866383 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate specific mechanical and physicochemical properties of two calcium silicate based sealers, (AH Plus Bioceramic “AHPB”; Well-Root ST “WRST”), and a conventional resin sealer (AH Plus “AHP”). These aims were accomplished by assessing the porosity, pH, compression strength, roughness, wettability and cell attachment of the tested materials. The results were compared statistically using the one-way ANOVA test. Higher pH values were obtained in both AHPB and WRST compared to AHP at 3, 24 and 72 h (p < 0.05). A greater level of porosity and wettability was detected for both AHPB and WRST compared to the resin sealer AHP (p < 0.05). Evident cell growth characterized by elongated morphology was observed on the surface of AHPB and WRST, while only a thin layer of cells was seen on the surface of AHP. A significant lower compression strength and modulus were obtained in the specimens created using AHPB compared to those made with AHP and WRST (p < 0.05). The removal of calcium silicates may be quite tricky during endodontic retreatment. In conclusion, considering the limitations of the present in vitro study, both calcium silicate sealers demonstrated good physicochemical properties. However, the lower compression strength and modulus of AHPB may facilitate its removal and make the retreatment procedures considerably easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-667522841
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department Interdisciplinary of Bari, Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Giulio Cesare Square, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ammar Eid
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus 0100, Syria
| | - Jihed Zghal
- Laboratoire Energetique Mecanique Electromagnetisme, University of Paris Ouest, 50 Rue de Sèvres, 92410 Ville d’Avray, France
| | - Hamdi Jmal
- ICube Laboratory, Mechanics Department, UMR 7357 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anta Seck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar 10700, Senegal
| | | | - Frédéric Addiego
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department Materials Research and Technology (MRT), ZAE Robert Steichen, 5 Rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department Interdisciplinary of Bari, Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Giulio Cesare Square, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Florent Meyer
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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