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Nalewajko M, Bołtryk M. Use of Alkaline-Activated Energy Waste Raw Materials in Geopolymer Concrete. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2253. [PMID: 38793319 PMCID: PMC11123346 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Silica fly ash, Certyd aggregate, and an alkaline solution were used to produce lightweight geopolymer concretes. The compressive strength, water absorption, and bulk density results, along with SEM photos showing the structure of the obtained composite, were obtained. Tests conducted on the specifications of lightweight geopolymer concretes have revealed significant chemical interactions between the ash aggregate and the geopolymer mortar, particularly when the coarse aggregate surface has been pre-treated with an alkaline solution. A statistical analysis of the experimental data, which investigated the influence of three key variables on the compressive strength, water absorption, and bulk density of lightweight geopolymer concrete (LBG), identified the following factors as having the most substantial impact: the quantity of alkali used, the curing temperature, and the concentration of alkali in the mixture. The optimal test series exhibited a commendable compressive strength of 20.14 megapascals (MPa), accompanied by a water absorption rate of 14.72%, and a bulk density of 1486.6 kg per cubic meter (kg/m³). These findings underscore the importance of alkali content, curing temperature, and alkali concentration in tailoring the properties of lightweight geopolymer concrete to meet specific performance requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nalewajko
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
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Yatsenko EA, Trofimov SV, Goltsman BM, Li W, Smoliy VA, Ryabova AV, Klimova LV, Izvarin AI. Study on the Curing and Foaming of Surfactant-Modified Geopolymer Gels Based on Ash and Slag Waste from Coal Combustion. Gels 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 38247742 PMCID: PMC10815204 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of temperature-time conditions, surfactants, and varied waste compositions on the curing of geopolymer gels, a foam formation with the properties of porous geopolymers. Findings reveal that a 6 h curing period leads to a density of 435 kg/m3 and strength of 0.66 MPa, with notable improvements at 12 h. Comparing 12 to 24 h curing, differences in characteristics remain within 5%, highlighting the 12 h period as more energy-efficient. Sodium stearate-based samples exhibit excellent properties, significantly boosting strength while maintaining overall properties. Microwave curing achieves the lowest density (291 kg/m3) and closely parallels properties of samples cured conventionally for 12 h. However, it leads to complete destruction in sodium stearate-modified gels due to the Dumas reaction, making it unsuitable above 200 °C. Optimal properties emerge from compositions using sodium stearate and oven curing, achieving densities of 334 kg/m3 and strengths of 1.08 MPa (Severodvinsk CHPP-1) and 373 kg/m3 and 1.17 MPa (Novocherkassk SDPP). Although microwave curing allows for high energy efficiency, its high temperature demands necessitate careful material selection. This study offers insight into enhancing geopolymer properties while emphasizing the importance of tailored curing methods for sustainable material development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Yatsenko
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Sergei V. Trofimov
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Boris M. Goltsman
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Victoria A. Smoliy
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Anna V. Ryabova
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Klimova
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Andrey I. Izvarin
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
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