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Betlej I, Borysiak S, Rybak K, Nasiłowska B, Bombalska A, Mierczyk Z, Lipska K, Borysiuk P, Andres B, Nowacka M, Boruszewski P. Assessment of Changes in Selected Features of Pine and Birch Wood after Impregnation with Graphene Oxide. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4464. [PMID: 39336205 PMCID: PMC11432803 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, pine and birch wood were modified by graphene oxide using a single vacuum impregnation method. The research results indicate that the impregnation of wood with graphene oxide increases the crystallinity of cellulose in both pine and birch wood, and the increase in crystallinity observed in the case of birch was more significant than in the case of pine. FT-IR analyses of pine samples impregnated with graphene oxide showed changes in intensity in the absorption bands of 400-600, 700-1500 cm-1, and 3200-3500 cm-1 and a peak separation of 1102 cm-1, which may indicate new C-O-C connections. In the case of birch, only some differences were noticed related to the vibrations of the OH group. The proposed modification also affects changes in the color of the wood surface, with earlywood containing more graphene oxide than latewood. Analysis of scanning electron microscope images revealed that graphene oxide adheres flat to the cell wall. Considering the differences in the anatomical structure of both wood species, the research showed a statistically significant difference in water absorption and retention of graphene oxide in wood cells. Graphene oxide does not block the flow of water in the wood, as evidenced by the absorbability of the working liquid at the level of 580-602 kg/m3, which corresponds to the value of pure water absorption by wood in the impregnation method using a single negative pressure. In this case, higher graphene oxide retention values were obtained for pine wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Betlej
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Department of Wood Science and Wood Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (I.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Sławomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 4 Berdychowo St., 60-965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Barbara Nasiłowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2 St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.N.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Aneta Bombalska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2 St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.N.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2 St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.N.); (A.B.); (Z.M.)
| | - Karolina Lipska
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship in Wood Industry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Borysiuk
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship in Wood Industry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Bogusław Andres
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Department of Wood Science and Wood Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (I.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Małgorzata Nowacka
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Piotr Boruszewski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Department of Technology and Entrepreneurship in Wood Industry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (P.B.)
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Mohammadi S, Jabbari F, Babaeipour V. Bacterial cellulose-based composites as vehicles for dermal and transdermal drug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124955. [PMID: 37245742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a significant amount of drugs have been taken orally, which are not as effective as desired. To solve this problem, bacterial cellulose-based dermal/transdermal drug delivery systems (BC-DDSs) with unique properties such as cell compatibility, hemocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to encapsulate various therapeutic agents with the controlled release have been introduced. A BC-dermal/transdermal DDS reduces first-pass metabolism and systematic side effects while improving patient compliance and dosage effectiveness by controlling drug release through the skin. The barrier function of the skin, especially the stratum corneum, can interfere with drug delivery. Few drugs can pass through the skin to reach effective concentrations in the blood to treat diseases. Due to their unique physicochemical properties and high potential to reduce immunogenicity and improve bioavailability, BC-dermal/transdermal DDSs are widely used to deliver various types of drugs for disease treatment. In this review, we describe the different types of BC-dermal/ transdermal DDSs, along with a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these systems. After the general presentation, the review is focused on recent advances in the preparation and applications of BC-based dermal/transdermal DDSs in various types of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Mohammadi
- 3D Microfluidic Biofabrication Lab, Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-science (CLN2S), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy; Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Farzaneh Jabbari
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran 14155-4777, Iran
| | - Valiollah Babaeipour
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran 1774-15875, Iran.
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