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Xie Z, Liu R, Lu F, Jing D, Zhao Y, Liang J, Huang W, Liu Y. Study on harmless treatment of electrolytic manganese residue by low temperature thermochemical method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33932-4. [PMID: 38872036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The Electrolytic Manganese Residue (EMR) is a by-product of the electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) industry, containing high concentrations of potential pollutants such as NH4+-N and soluble Mn2+. These components pose a serious threat to the ecological environment. To explore accurate, efficient, and harmless treatment methods for EMR, this study proposes a low-temperature thermochemical approach. The orthogonal experiment design investigates the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, quicklime (CaO), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) (Reviewer #3), and water consumption on manganese solidified and ammonia removal from EMR. The results indicate that optimal conditions are a reaction temperature of 60 ℃ (Reviewer #3) and a reaction time of 10 min. CaO precipitates Mn2+ as manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)2) (Reviewer #3), achieving effective manganese solidified and ammonia removal. The addition of Na2CO3 causes Mn2+ to form manganesecarbonate (MnCO3) (Reviewer #3)precipitate, while Na3PO4 makes Mn2+ form Manganese phosphate trihydrate (Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O) (Reviewer #3). Increased water consumption enhances the interaction adequacy between ions. Under optimal conditions (CaO 10%, Na2CO3 1%, Na3PO4 0.5%, and 80% water consumption), the removal rate of ammonium ions reaches 98.5%, and the solidification rate of soluble Mn2+ is 99.9%. The order of influence on ammonium ion removal is CaO > water consumption > Na3PO4 > Na2CO3. Therefore, this study provides a new method for low-cost process disposal and efficient harmless treatment of EMR (Reviewer #3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Xie
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Rongjin Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Center for Utilization of Industrial Waste Residue in Building Materials, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Fuhua Lu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Daiyan Jing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Engineering and Technology Center for Utilization of Industrial Waste Residue in Building Materials, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jianbo Liang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wanyu Huang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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Ren X, Wang F, He X, Hu X. Resistance and durability of fly ash based geopolymer for heavy metal immobilization: properties and mechanism. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12580-12592. [PMID: 38638817 PMCID: PMC11025342 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Geopolymer technology is an effective method of fly ash (FA) disposal developed in recent decades. This study provided a novel technology based on geopolymerization for FA resource, which could solve the problem of long-term heavy metal leakage trends. Firstly, Unconfine compressive strength (UCS) of geopolymer and the heavy metals leaching test was taken to discuss the effects of oxidize species. The results indicated that the UCS of geopolymer samples was increased with the increase of CaO, and the largest 28 d UCS was 24.8 MPa when CaO content was 31.5%. When the CaO content was 32%, the leaching concentration of heavy metals was the lowest (Pb2+ was 0.02 mg L-1, Cd2+ was 0.01 mg L-1), and the solidification rate of heavy metal ions were more than 93.6%. Secondly, two methods were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of FA based geopolymer. The observations suggested that the FA based geopolymer exhibits a high level of resistance to erosion caused by sulfate ions and chloride ions. Thirdly, carbonation tests were taken to discuss the durability of FA based geopolymer. The results shown that UCS exhibited a modest rise following the process of carbonation, and then demonstrated a stable trend after a period of 28 days, and the heavy metal leaching test results that comply with the limitations specified in the national standard at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. The findings from accelerated carbonization tests at 56 days, determined by empirical equations, suggest that the carbonization age of geopolymers is projected to be 102 years. Finally, XRD, FTIR and SEM were taken to discuss the microstructure characterization of FA based geopolymer, and solidification mechanisms of heavy metal ions by geopolymer materials could be concluded as gelation, physical encapsulation, and chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupicheng Ren
- Institute of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University Shenyang 110014 P.R.China +86-2483679128
| | - Fan Wang
- Liaoning HaiTianGe Enviromental Protection Technology Co. Ltd Fushun 113122 P.R.China
| | - Xiang He
- Nanning College for Vocational Technology Nanning 530000 P.R.China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Institute of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University Shenyang 110014 P.R.China +86-2483679128
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Pavlík Z, Záleská M, Pavlíková M, Pivák A, Nábělková J, Jankovský O, Jiříčková A, Chmel O, Průša F. Simultaneous Immobilization of Heavy Metals in MKPC-Based Mortar-Experimental Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7525. [PMID: 38138666 PMCID: PMC10744662 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination, associated with the increase in industrial production and the development of the population in general, poses a significant risk in terms of the contamination of soil, water, and, consequently, industrial plants and human health. The presence of ecotoxic heavy metals (HMs) thus significantly limits the sustainable development of society and contributes to the deterioration of the quality of the environment as a whole. For this reason, the stabilization and immobilization of heavy metals is a very topical issue. This paper deals with the possibility of the simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals (Ba2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) in mortar based on magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). The structural, mechanical, and hygric parameters of mortars artificially contaminated with heavy metals in the form of salt solutions were investigated together with the formed hydration products. In the leachates of the prepared samples, the content of HMs was measured and the immobilization ratio of each HM was determined. The immobilization rate of all the investigated HMs was >98.7%, which gave information about the effectiveness of the MKPC-based matrix for HM stabilization. Furthermore, the content of HMs in the leachates was below the prescribed limits for non-hazardous waste that can be safely treated without any environmental risks. Although the presence of heavy metals led to a reduction in the strength of the prepared mortar (46.5% and 57.3% in compressive and flexural strength, respectively), its mechanical resistance remained high enough for many construction applications. Moreover, the low values of the parameters characterizing the water transport (water absorption coefficient Aw = 4.26 × 10-3 kg·m-2·s-1/2 and sorptivity S = 4.0 × 10-6 m·s-1/2) clearly demonstrate the limited possibility of the leaching of heavy metals from the MKPC matrix structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyšek Pavlík
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Záleská
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Milena Pavlíková
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam Pivák
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Jana Nábělková
- Department of Sanitary and Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Jankovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Adéla Jiříčková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Oskar Chmel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Průša
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Belebchouche C, Bensebti SE, Ould-Said C, Moussaceb K, Czarnecki S, Sadowski L. Stabilization of Chromium Waste by Solidification into Cement Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6295. [PMID: 37763572 PMCID: PMC10533120 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This article deals with the study of hazardous chromium leaching, stabilized/solidified by cement CEM II after 28 days of curing, in an acidic environment. The mortars subjected to this study were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization to evaluate the influence of chromium waste on their mineralogical structure. In the study range (0.6-1.2%), increasing the mass percentage of Cr2O3 in the mortars indicates that chromium accelerates the hydration process and setting of the mortar and increases the mechanical strength of the mortars compared to the control sample. It was observed that the release of chromium during the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test and the efficiency of the stabilization/solidification process depended on the initial Cr concentration and the leaching time. The use of XRD allowed the identification of new crystallized phases in the cement matrices, namely, CaCrO4·2H2O and chromium-ettringite Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, which confirms the immobilization of chromium and the efficiency of the stabilization/solidification process. In this research, the release mechanism was found to be primarily a surface phenomenon by modeling the experimental data (dissolution or precipitation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Belebchouche
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
- Materials and Durability of Constructions Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Constantine 25000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Materials Technology and Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Salah-Eddine Bensebti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
- Materials and Durability of Constructions Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Technology, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Chaima Ould-Said
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms (LBPO), Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algeria;
| | - Karim Moussaceb
- Laboratory of Materials Technology and Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Slawomir Czarnecki
- Department of Materials Engineering and Construction Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Sadowski
- Department of Materials Engineering and Construction Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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