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Conducting Interface for Efficient Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes: Towards Nano-Engineered Carbon Composite. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132300. [PMID: 35808136 PMCID: PMC9268312 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) are manufactured nanomaterials with excellent properties and great potential for numerous applications. Recently, research has intensified toward achieving VACNT synthesis on different planar and non-planar substrates of various natures, mainly dependent on the user-defined application. Indeed, VACNT growth has to be adjusted and optimized according to the substrate nature and shape to reach the requirements for the application envisaged. To date, different substrates have been decorated with VACNT, involving the use of diffusion barrier layers (DBLs) that are often insulating, such as SiO2 or Al2O3. These commonly used DBLs limit the conducting and other vital physico-chemical properties of the final nanomaterial composite. One interesting route to improve the contact resistance of VACNT on a substrate surface and the deficient composite properties is the development of semi-/conducting interlayers. The present review summarizes different methods and techniques for the deposition of suitable conducting interfaces and controlled growth of VACNT on diverse flat and 3-D fibrous substrates. Apart from exhibiting a catalytic efficiency, the DBL can generate a conducting and adhesive interface involving performance enhancements in VACNT composites. The abilities of different conducting interlayers are compared for VACNT growth and subsequent composite properties. A conducting interface is also emphasized for the synthesis of VACNT on carbonaceous substrates in order to produce cost-effective and high-performance nano-engineered carbon composites.
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Ma Z, Zhou S, Zhou C, Xiao Y, Li S, Chan M. Synthesis of Vertical Carbon Nanotube Interconnect Structures Using CMOS-Compatible Catalysts. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101918. [PMID: 32992981 PMCID: PMC7600545 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible methods is essential to integrate the CNT contact and interconnect to nanoscale devices and ultra-dense integrated nanoelectronics. However, the synthesis of high-density CNT array at low-temperature remains a challenging task. The advances in the low-temperature synthesis of high-density vertical CNT structures using CMOS-compatible methods are reviewed. Primarily, recent works on theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations of CNT growth emphasized the critical roles of catalyst design in reducing synthesis temperature and increasing CNT density. In particular, the approach of using multilayer catalyst film to generate the alloyed catalyst nanoparticle was found competent to improve the active catalyst nanoparticle formation and reduce the CNT growth temperature. With the multilayer catalyst, CNT arrays were directly grown on metals, oxides, and 2D materials. Moreover, the relations among the catalyst film thickness, CNT diameter, and wall number were surveyed, which provided potential strategies to control the tube density and the wall density of synthesized CNT array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Ma
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Shaolin Zhou
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Changjian Zhou
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
- School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Suwen Li
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Mansun Chan
- Dept. Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (Z.M.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (S.L.); (M.C.)
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Murthy AP, Duraimurugan K, Sridhar J, Madhavan J. Application of derivative voltammetry in the quantitative determination of alloxan at single-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Xu M, Obodo D, Yadavalli VK. The design, fabrication, and applications of flexible biosensing devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 124-125:96-114. [PMID: 30343162 PMCID: PMC6310145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flexible biosensors form part of a rapidly growing research field that take advantage of a multidisciplinary approach involving materials, fabrication and design strategies to be able to function at biological interfaces that may be soft, intrinsically curvy, irregular, or elastic. Numerous exciting advancements are being proposed and developed each year towards applications in healthcare, fundamental biomedical research, food safety and environmental monitoring. In order to place these developments in perspective, this review is intended to present an overview on field of flexible biosensor development. We endeavor to show how this subset of the broader field of flexible and wearable devices presents unique characteristics inherent in their design. Initially, a discussion on the structure of flexible biosensors is presented to address the critical issues specific to their design. We then summarize the different materials as substrates that can resist mechanical deformation while retaining their function of the bioreceptors and active elements. Several examples of flexible biosensors are presented based on the different environments in which they may be deployed or on the basis of targeted biological analytes. Challenges and future perspectives pertinent to the current and future stages of development are presented. Through these summaries and discussion, this review is expected to provide insights towards a systematic and fundamental understanding for the fabrication and utilization of flexible biosensors, as well as inspire and improve designs for smart and effective devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Dora Obodo
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Nguyen N, Zhang S, Oluwalowo A, Park JG, Yao K, Liang R. High-Performance and Lightweight Thermal Management Devices by 3D Printing and Assembly of Continuous Carbon Nanotube Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27171-27177. [PMID: 30020763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing carbon nanotube films or buckypaper can provide a significant platform to develop practical applications of nanocarbon materials. For this research, buckypaper with high thermal conductivity (20 W/m K) and large surface area (350 m2/g) was mass produced in-house to investigate for use in lightweight thermal management devices. Floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition carbon nanotube sheets were also studied in this work. We introduced two manufacturing techniques to use the sheets for heat dissipation: (1) printing conductive composite ink on the sheets to make lightweight thermal devices, such as heat sinks and (2) assembling the sheets directly into 3D structures that were mounted on the back of heat-generating devices. These manufacturing techniques resulted in extremely lightweight, high-performance heat dissipation devices compared with other heat sink materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nguyen
- High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , 2005 Levy Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Songlin Zhang
- High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , 2005 Levy Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Abiodun Oluwalowo
- High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , 2005 Levy Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Jin Gyu Park
- High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , 2005 Levy Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Kang Yao
- High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , 2005 Levy Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Richard Liang
- High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University , 2005 Levy Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
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An enhanced performance of hybrid supercapacitor based on polyaniline-manganese phosphate binary composite. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou C, Senegor R, Baron Z, Chen Y, Raju S, Vyas AA, Chan M, Chai Y, Yang CY. Synthesis and interface characterization of CNTs on graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:054007. [PMID: 28029110 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/5/054007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are potential candidates for future interconnect materials. CNTs are promising on-chip via interconnect materials due to their readily formed vertical structures, their current-carrying capacity, which is much larger than existing on-chip interconnect materials such as copper and tungsten, and their demonstrated ability to grow in patterned vias with sub-50 nm widths; meanwhile, graphene is suitable for horizontal interconnects. However, they both present the challenge of having high-resistance contacts with other conductors. An all-carbon structure is proposed in this paper, which can be formed using the same chemical vapor deposition method for both CNTs and graphene. Vertically aligned CNTs are grown directly on graphene with an Fe or Ni catalyst. The structural characteristics of the graphene and the grown CNTs are analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques. The CNT-graphene interface is studied in detail using transmission electron microscopic analysis of the CNT-graphene heterostructure, which suggests C-C bonding between the two materials. Electrical measurement results confirm the existence of both a lateral conduction path within graphene and a vertical conduction path in the CNT-graphene heterostructure, giving further support to the C-C bonding at the CNT-graphene interface and resulting in potential applications for all-carbon interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Nanostructured Tip-Shaped Biosensors: Application of Six Sigma Approach for Enhanced Manufacturing. SENSORS 2016; 17:s17010017. [PMID: 28025540 PMCID: PMC5298590 DOI: 10.3390/s17010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured tip-shaped biosensors have drawn attention for biomolecule detection as they are promising for highly sensitive and specific detection of a target analyte. Using a nanostructured tip, the sensitivity is increased to identify individual molecules because of the high aspect ratio structure. Various detection methods, such as electrochemistry, fluorescence microcopy, and Raman spectroscopy, have been attempted to enhance the sensitivity and the specificity. Due to the confined path of electrons, electrochemical measurement using a nanotip enables the detection of single molecules. When an electric field is combined with capillary action and fluid flow, target molecules can be effectively concentrated onto a nanotip surface for detection. To enhance the concentration efficacy, a dendritic nanotip rather than a single tip could be used to detect target analytes, such as nanoparticles, cells, and DNA. However, reproducible fabrication with relation to specific detection remains a challenge due to the instability of a manufacturing method, resulting in inconsistent shape. In this paper, nanostructured biosensors are reviewed with our experimental results using dendritic nanotips for sequence specific detection of DNA. By the aid of the Six Sigma approach, the fabrication yield of dendritic nanotips increases from 20.0% to 86.6%. Using the nanotips, DNA is concentrated and detected in a sequence specific way with the detection limit equivalent to 1000 CFU/mL. The pros and cons of a nanotip biosensor are evaluated in conjunction with future prospects.
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Kim WS, Lee GJ, Ryu JH, Park K, Park HK. A flexible, nonenzymatic glucose biosensor based on Ni-coordinated, vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the use of flexible biosensors based on Ni-coordinated, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a flexible graphite substrate (Ni/VCNTs/G) for the nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Healthcare Industry Research Institute
- College of Medicine
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Healthcare Industry Research Institute
- College of Medicine
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Healthcare Industry Research Institute
- College of Medicine
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - KyuChang Park
- Department of Information Display and Advanced Display Research Center
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Hun-Kuk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Healthcare Industry Research Institute
- College of Medicine
- Kyung Hee University
- Seoul 130-701, Korea
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