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da Silva MM, Proença MP, Covas JA, Paiva MC. Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Carbon Nanotube Composites. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:748. [PMID: 38930718 PMCID: PMC11205355 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
For the past two decades, researchers have been exploring the potential benefits of combining shape-memory polymers (SMP) with carbon nanotubes (CNT). By incorporating CNT as reinforcement in SMP, they have aimed to enhance the mechanical properties and improve shape fixity. However, the remarkable intrinsic properties of CNT have also opened up new paths for actuation mechanisms, including electro- and photo-thermal responses. This opens up possibilities for developing soft actuators that could lead to technological advancements in areas such as tissue engineering and soft robotics. SMP/CNT composites offer numerous advantages, including fast actuation, remote control, performance in challenging environments, complex shape deformations, and multifunctionality. This review provides an in-depth overview of the research conducted over the past few years on the production of SMP/CNT composites with both thermoset and thermoplastic matrices, with a focus on the unique contributions of CNT to the nanocomposite's response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martins da Silva
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.M.d.S.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Mariana Paiva Proença
- ISOM and Departamento de Electrónica Física, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ava. Complutense 30, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José António Covas
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.M.d.S.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Maria C. Paiva
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.M.d.S.); (J.A.C.)
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2
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Das A, Mehrotra S, Kumar A. Advances in Fabrication Technologies for the Development of Next-Generation Cardiovascular Stents. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:544. [PMID: 37998113 PMCID: PMC10672426 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease, claiming millions of lives annually around the world. The current treatment includes surgically inserting a tubular construct, called a stent, inside arteries to restore blood flow. However, due to lack of patient-specific design, the commercial products cannot be used with different vessel anatomies. In this review, we have summarized the drawbacks in existing commercial metal stents which face problems of restenosis and inflammatory responses, owing to the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Further, we have highlighted the fabrication of stents using biodegradable polymers, which can circumvent most of the existing limitations. In this regard, we elaborated on the utilization of new fabrication methodologies based on additive manufacturing such as three-dimensional printing to design patient-specific stents. Finally, we have discussed the functionalization of these stent surfaces with suitable bioactive molecules which can prove to enhance their properties in preventing thrombosis and better healing of injured blood vessel lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India;
| | - Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India;
- Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India;
- Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre of Excellence for Orthopaedics and Prosthetics, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
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Sun WJ, Guan Y, Wang YY, Wang T, Xu YT, Kong WW, Jia LC, Yan DX, Li ZM. Low-Voltage Actuator with Bilayer Structure for Various Biomimetic Locomotions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43449-43457. [PMID: 34472846 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composites based on a shape-memory polymer doped with conductive particles are considered as soft actuators for artificial muscles and robots. Low-voltage actuating is expected to reduce equipment requirement and safety hazards, which requires a highly conductive particle content but weakens the reversible deformation. The spatial distribution of the conductive particle is key to decreasing the actuating voltage and maintaining the reversible deformation. Herein, an approach of fabricating a low-voltage actuator that can perform various biomimetic locomotions by spraying and hot pressing is reported. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are enriched inside the surface layer of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) to form a high-density conductive network without degradation of the reversible deformation. The bilayer CNT/EVA actuator exhibits a reversible transformation of more than 10% even with 100 cycles, which requires an applied voltage of just 15 V. Taking advantage of the reprogrammability of the CNT/EVA actuator and reversible shift between the different shapes, different biomimetic locomotions (sample actuator, gripper, and walking robot) are demonstrated without any additional mechanical components. A scheme combining the electrical properties and the shape-memory effect provides a versatile strategy to fabricate low-voltage-actuated polymeric actuators, providing inspiration in the development of electrical soft actuators and biomimetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Guan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Yi Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying-Te Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei-Wei Kong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Mohd Nurazzi N, Asyraf M, Khalina A, Abdullah N, Sabaruddin FA, Kamarudin SH, Ahmad S, Mahat AM, Lee CL, Aisyah HA, Norrrahim MNF, Ilyas RA, Harussani MM, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM. Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1047. [PMID: 33810584 PMCID: PMC8037012 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanomaterials has been surging since 1991 due to their noticeable mechanical and electrical properties, as well as their good electron transport properties. This is evidence that the development of CNT-reinforced polymer composites could contribute in expanding many areas of use, from energy-related devices to structural components. As a promising material with a wide range of applications, their poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilizations of CNTs. The current state of research in CNTs-both single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced polymer composites-was reviewed in the context of the presently employed covalent and non-covalent functionalization. As such, this overview intends to provide a critical assessment of a surging class of composite materials and unveil the successful development associated with CNT-incorporated polymer composites. The mechanisms related to the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of CNT-reinforced polymer composites is also discussed. It is vital to understand how the addition of CNTs in a polymer composite alters the microstructure at the micro- and nano-scale, as well as how these modifications influence overall structural behavior, not only in its as fabricated form but also its functionalization techniques. The technological superiority gained with CNT addition to polymer composites may be advantageous, but scientific values are here to be critically explored for reliable, sustainable, and structural reliability in different industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norizan Mohd Nurazzi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - M.R.M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdan Khalina
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Athiyah Sabaruddin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia; (S.H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - So’bah Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia; (S.H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Annie Maria Mahat
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia;
| | - Chuan Li Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
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Haskew MJ, Hardy JG. A Mini-Review of Shape-Memory Polymer-Based Materials : Stimuli-responsive shape-memory polymers. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1595/205651319x15754757916993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) enable the production of stimuli-responsive polymer-based materials with the ability to undergo a large recoverable deformation upon the application of an external stimulus. Academic and industrial research interest in the shape-memory effects (SMEs) of
these SMP-based materials is growing for task-specific applications. This mini-review covers interesting aspects of SMP-based materials, their properties, how they may be investigated and highlights examples of the potential applications of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J. Haskew
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, Faraday Building, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, Faraday Building, Lancaster University Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
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Chen Y, Chen C, Rehman HU, Zheng X, Li H, Liu H, Hedenqvist MS. Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges. Molecules 2020; 25:E4246. [PMID: 32947872 PMCID: PMC7570610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-memory materials are smart materials that can remember an original shape and return to their unique state from a deformed secondary shape in the presence of an appropriate stimulus. This property allows these materials to be used as shape-memory artificial muscles, which form a subclass of artificial muscles. The shape-memory artificial muscles are fabricated from shape-memory polymers (SMPs) by twist insertion, shape fixation via Tm or Tg, or by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The prepared SMP artificial muscles can be used in a wide range of applications, from biomimetic and soft robotics to actuators, because they can be operated without sophisticated linkage design and can achieve complex final shapes. Recently, significant achievements have been made in fabrication, modelling, and manipulation of SMP-based artificial muscles. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in shape-memory polymer-based artificial muscles. Here we focus on the mechanisms of SMPs, applications of SMPs as artificial muscles, and the challenges they face concerning actuation. While shape-memory behavior has been demonstrated in several stimulated environments, our focus is on thermal-, photo-, and electrical-actuated SMP artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hua Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hezhou Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Effect of Dispersion by Three-Roll Milling on Electrical Properties and Filler Length of Carbon Nanotube Composites. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233823. [PMID: 31766359 PMCID: PMC6926710 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For practical use of carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, especially in electronic applications, uniform dispersion of a high concentration of CNTs in a polymer matrix is a critical challenge. Three-roll milling is one of most reliable dispersion techniques. We investigate the effect of three-roll milling time on CNT length and the electrical properties of a CNT/polydimethylsiloxane composite film with 10 wt% CNTs. During the milling process, the CNT length is decreased from 10 to 1-4 μm by mechanical shear forces. The electrical conductivity increases after 1.5 min of milling owing to dispersion of the CNTs but decreases with increasing milling time owing to the decrease in the CNT length. Considering the changes in the electrical conductivity of the CNT composite and CNT length, we determined how to optimize the three-roll milling time to obtain a suitable dispersion state.
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Liu YF, Wu JL, Song SL, Xu LX, Chen J, Peng W. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Shape Memory Polyurethane for Orthodontic Application. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:148. [PMID: 30171364 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glass fiber reinforced shape memory polyurethane (GFRSMPU) has great potential to be an alternative kind of material for orthodontic archwires for overcoming the disadvantages of metal wires in terms of esthetic and allergy and deficiency of pure shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) wires in mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermo-mechanical properties and shape recovery functions of GFRSMPU and evaluate the feasibility of using this composite for orthodontic archwires. MATERIAL AND METHODS GFRSMPU were made from short cut glass fibers and SMPU by mixing extrusion. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to investigate the distribution of glass fibers in the mixture and glass transition temperature (Tg). Then the thermo-mechanical properties, including tensile modulus, flexural modulus and stress relaxation effects, were measured. Furthermore, shape recovery functions of GFRSMPU characterized by the shape recovery ratio and force were investigated through shape recovery tests, typodont models and finite element analysis (FEA). RESULTS SEM images indicated that an excellent dispersity of glass fibers was obtained after double-extrusion. DSC experiments showed Tg was not enormously affected with the existence of glass fibers, but the mechanical properties of GFRSMPU were greatly improved. Shape recovery tests showed reduction of shape recovery ratio of the GFRSMPU material with the addition of glass fibers, but dentition aligning time was reduced by 50% in the simulation performed on identical typodont models with GFRSMPU archwires filled with 30 wt.% glass fibers. The FEA results illustrated that the reacting forces of GFRSMPU archwires with 30 wt.% glass fiber was increased by 96.36% compared with pure SMPU archwires. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of GFRSMPU can be considerably improved by adding glass fibers, and the shape memory function would be well preserved too. Enhanced SMPU owns a good application prospect in orthodontics for dentation aligning on the preliminary stage, as well as other medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
- Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Institute, Ningbo Polytechnic, 315800, Ningbo, China
| | - Shan-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xin Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
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Jia H, Gu SY, Chang K. 3D printed self-expandable vascular stents from biodegradable shape memory polymer. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Jia
- Department of Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - Shu-Ying Gu
- Department of Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Ministry of Education; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - Kun Chang
- Department of Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai China
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Peng Q, Wei H, Qin Y, Lin Z, Zhao X, Xu F, Leng J, He X, Cao A, Li Y. Shape-memory polymer nanocomposites with a 3D conductive network for bidirectional actuation and locomotion application. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18042-18049. [PMID: 27740656 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) has many advantages over thermal methods; creating an efficient conductive path through the bulk polymers is essential for developing high performance electroactive systems. Here, we show that a three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon nanotube sponge can serve as a built-in integral conductive network to provide internal, homogeneous, in situ Joule heating for shape-memory polymers, thus significantly improving the mechanical and thermal behavior of SMPs. As a result, the 3D nanocomposites show a fast response and produce large exerting forces (with a maximum flexural stress of 14.6 MPa) during shape recovery. We further studied the construction of a double-layer composite structure for bidirectional actuation, in which the shape change is dominated by the temperature-dependent exerting force from the top and bottom layer, alternately. An inchworm-type robot is demonstrated whose locomotion is realized by such bidirectional shape memory. Our large stroke shape-memory nanocomposites have promising applications in many areas including artificial muscles and bionic robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Hongqiu Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyang Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Zaishan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Jinsong Leng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Anyuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yibin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
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Pilate F, Toncheva A, Dubois P, Raquez JM. Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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