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Makowska S, Szymborski D, Sienkiewicz N, Kairytė A. Current Progress in Research into Environmentally Friendly Rigid Polyurethane Foams. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3971. [PMID: 39203149 PMCID: PMC11355871 DOI: 10.3390/ma17163971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Polyurethane foams are materials characterized by low density and thermal conductivity and can therefore be used as thermal insulation materials. They are synthesized from toxic and environmentally unfriendly petrochemicals called isocyanates and polyols, which react with each other to form a urethane group via the displacement of the movable hydrogen atom of the -OH group of the alcohol to the nitrogen atom of the isocyanate group. The following work describes the synthesis of polyurethane foams, focusing on using environmentally friendly materials, such as polyols derived from plant sources or modifiers, to strengthen the foam interface derived from plant precipitation containing cellulose derived from paper waste. The polyurethane foam industry is looking for new sources of materials to replace the currently used petrochemical products. The solutions described are proving to be an innovative and promising area capable of changing the face of current PU foam synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Makowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (S.M.); (D.S.); (N.S.)
- Civil Engineering Research Centre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio av. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dawid Szymborski
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (S.M.); (D.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Natalia Sienkiewicz
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (S.M.); (D.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Agnė Kairytė
- Civil Engineering Research Centre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio av. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Nguyen TA, Vo DK, Nguyen KTD, Tran DQ, Nguyen DM, Nguyen NT, Vu TT, Nguyen VT, Hoang D. Lightweight Biobased Polyurethane Composites Derived from Liquefied Polyol Reinforced by Biomass Sources with High Mechanical Property and Enhanced Fire-Resistance Performance. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19182-19192. [PMID: 38708195 PMCID: PMC11064040 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight biobased insulation polyurethane (BPU) composite foams with high fire-resistance efficiency are interested in building effective energy and low environmental impact today. This study focuses on manufacturing lightweight BPU from liquefied bamboo polyols and biomass resources, including rice husk and wood flour. Then, they are combined with three flame retardant (FR) additives, such as aluminum diethyl phosphinate, aluminum trihydroxide, and diammonium phosphate, to improve their fire resistance performance. The physicochemical properties, microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant properties of the BPU composites are characterized to optimize their compromise properties. The results showed that composites with optimized FRs achieved UL94 V-0 and those with nonoptimized FRs reached UL94 HB. The limiting oxygen index exhibited that the fire resistance of BPU composites could increase up to 21-37% within FR additives. In addition, the thermal stability of BPU composites was significantly improved in a temperature range of 300-700 °C and the compressive strength of the BPU composites was also enhanced with the presence of FRs. The scanning electron microscopy observation showed an influence of FRs on the morphology and cell size of the BPU composites. The bio-PU-derived samples in this study showed significantly low thermal conductivity values, demonstrating their remarkable thermal insulation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan An Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Khoa Vo
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khoa T. D. Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Doan Q. Tran
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Mao Nguyen
- Université
de Lorraine, LERMAB, 186 Rue de Lorraine, Cosnes-et-Romain 54400, France
| | - Ngoc Thuy Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tien Trung Vu
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vy T. Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - DongQuy Hoang
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
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Rayung M, Aung MM, Su’ait MS, Chuah Abdullah L, Ahmad A, Lim HN. Performance Analysis of Jatropha Oil-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14267-14274. [PMID: 32596563 PMCID: PMC7315420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biobased polymers are useful materials in substituting conventional petroleum-derived polymers because of their good properties, ready availability, and abundance in nature. This study reports a new jatropha oil-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The GPE was prepared by mixing jatropha oil-based polyurethane acrylate (PUA) with different concentrations of lithium iodide (LiI). The GPE was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, lithium nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, electrochemical analysis, and photocurrent conversion efficiency. The highest room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.88 × 10-4 S cm-1 was obtained at 20 wt % of LiI salt. Additionally, the temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of the GPE exhibited Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of 0.42 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 1.56 × 103 S cm-1. The electrochemical stability study showed that the PUA GPE was stable up to 2.35 V. The thermal stability of the gel electrolyte showed an improvement after the addition of the salt, suggesting a strong intermolecular interaction between PUA and Li, which leads to polymer-salt complexation, as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. A DSSC has been assembled using the optimum ionic conductivity gel electrolyte which indicated 1.2% efficiency under 1 sun condition. Thus, the jatropha oil-based GPE demonstrated favorable properties that make it a promising alternative to petroleum-derived polymer electrolytes in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Rayung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Min Min Aung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Unit Chemistry,
Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sukor Su’ait
- Solar Energy Research
Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Ngee Lim
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is constantly in need of new material development with improved biocompatibility or mechanical features closer to those of natural bone. Other important factors are the sustainability, cost, and origin of the natural precursors involved in the technological process. This study focused on two widely used polymers in tissue engineering, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as well as bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for the manufacturing of core-shell structures. In order to embed the ceramic particles on the polymeric filaments surface, the materials were introduced in an electrical oven at various temperatures and exposure times and under various pressing forces. The obtained core-shell structures were characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and a pull-out test was used to demonstrate the particles adhesion on the polymeric filaments structure. Thermal properties (modulated temperature and exposure time) and the pressing force’s influence upon HA particles’ insertion degree were evaluated. More to the point, the form variation factor and the mass variation led to the optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of core-shell materials for prospect additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine applications.
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Zhang Q, Lin X, Chen W, Zhang H, Han D. Modification of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with the Addition of Nano-SiO 2 or Lignocellulosic Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010107. [PMID: 31948014 PMCID: PMC7022631 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many achievements have been made on the research of composite polyurethane foams to improve their structure and mechanical properties, and the composite foams have been widely utilized in building insulation and furniture. In this work, rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with the addition of different fillers (nano-SiO2, peanut shell, pine bark) were prepared through the one-step method. The effects of inorganic nano-SiO2 and organic biomass on foam properties were evaluated by means of physical and chemical characterization. The characterization results indicate that the compressive strength values of prepared foams could fully meet the specification requirement for the building insulation materials. The inorganic and organic fillers have no effect on the hydrogen bonding states in composite RPUFs. Furthermore, compared to the biomass fillers, the addition of nano-SiO2 greatly influenced the final residual content of the fabricated foam. All composite foams exhibit closed-cell structure with smaller cell size in comparison with the parent foam. The prepared composite foams have the potential for utilization in building insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weisheng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dezhi Han
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8402-2879
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Zhang G, Wu Y, Chen W, Han D, Lin X, Xu G, Zhang Q. Open-Cell Rigid Polyurethane Foams from Peanut Shell-Derived Polyols Prepared under Different Post-Processing Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091392. [PMID: 31450807 PMCID: PMC6780715 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polyurethane materials with abundant open-cells have wide applications because of their biodegradability for addressing the issue of environmental conservation. In this work, open-cell rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared with bio-based polyols (BBPs) derived from the liquefaction of peanut shells under different post-processing conditions. The influences of the neutralization procedure and filtering operation for BBPs on the foaming behaviors, density, dimensional stability, water absorption, swelling ratio, compressive strength, and microstructure of RPUFs were investigated intensively. The results revealed that a small amount of sulfuric acid in the polyols exhibited a great impact on physical and chemical properties of RPUFs while the filtering operation for those polyols had a slight effect on the above properties. The RPUFs prepared from neutralized BBPs possessed higher water absorption, preferable dimensional stability and compression strength than that fabricated from the non-neutralized BBPs. Moreover, the prepared RPUFs exhibited preferable water absorption of 636–777%, dimensional stability of <0.5%, compressive strength of >200 KPa, lower swelling rate of ca. 1%, as well as uniform cell structure with superior open-cell rate, implying potential applications in floral foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weisheng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dezhi Han
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gongchen Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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7
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Mateus MM, Matos S, Guerreiro D, Debiagi P, Gaspar D, Ferreira O, Bordado JC, Galhano dos Santos R. Liquefaction of almond husk for assessment as feedstock to obtain valuable bio-oils. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Almond husk liquefaction can be envisaged as an alternative to fossil sources which are becoming exhausted. Lately, the polyols obtain from the lignocellulosic biomass have been under investigation for the production of sustainable chemicals, fuel, materials or other commodities. Within this context, acid-catalyzed liquefaction of such lignocellulosic biomass has been successfully used to access highly functionalized compounds that can be used to replace those produced from petroleum. Almond shells waste can be considered to be part of the lignocellulosic biomass. Its main constituents of are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this assay, the biochemical composition of almond husk was estimated based on atomic mass balances, and at the same time, the pyrolysis outcome was also estimated using a kinetic model using some reference compounds. In order to evaluate the use of almond waste as a substrate for acid-catalyzed liquefaction, the most favorable conditions of the liquefaction process were investigated. To better understand the liquefaction process, response surface methodology, in particular, central composite face-centered factorial design was used to set an array of 17 experiments including three replications at the center point leading to the development of a reaction model for further prediction and optimization of the liquefaction outcome. The effect of temperature (120–150 °C), time (20–200 min) and catalyst amount (0.5–5 wt. %) was investigated and a predictive model established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Margarida Mateus
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- Engineering Department , Universidade Atlântica, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena , 2730-036 Barcarena , Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Sandro Matos
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Dinis Guerreiro
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Paulo Debiagi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” , Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 , Milan , Italy
| | - Daniela Gaspar
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Olga Ferreira
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - João Carlos Bordado
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Rui Galhano dos Santos
- CERENA-Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico , Av. Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
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Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from bamboo using microwave liquefaction combined with chemical treatment and ultrasonication. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:725-734. [PMID: 27474619 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers were successfully isolated from bamboo using microwave liquefaction combined with chemical treatment and ultrasonic nanofibrillation processes. The microwave liquefaction could eliminate almost all the lignin in bamboo, resulting in high cellulose content residues within 7min, and the cellulose enriched residues could be readily purified by subsequent chemical treatments with lower chemical charging and quickly. The results of wet chemistry analyses, SEM images, and FTIR and X-ray spectra indicated the combination of microwave liquefaction and chemical treatment was significantly efficient in removing non-cellulosic compounds. Ultrasonication was used to separate the nanofibrils from the purified residues to extract nanofibers. The TEM images confirmed the presence of elementary fibrils, nano-sized fibril bundles, and aggregated fibril bundles. As evidenced by the TGA analysis, cellulose nanofibers isolated by this novel technique had high thermal stability indicating that the isolated nanofibers could possibly be applied as reinforcing elements in biomaterials.
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