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Jamaludin NFM, Abdullah LC, Idrus S, Engliman NS, Tan JP, Jamali NS. Nickel-iron doped on granular activated carbon for efficient immobilization in biohydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 2024; 391:129933. [PMID: 37898370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-iron doped granular activated carbon (GAC-N) was used to enhance immobilization in biohydrogen production. The effect of the sludge ratio to GAC-N, ranged 1:0.5-4, was studied. The optimum hydrogen yield (HY) of 1.64 ± 0.04 mol H2/mol sugar consumed and hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 45.67 ± 1.00 ml H2/L.h was achieved at a ratio of 1:1. Immobilization study was performed at 2 d HRT with a stable HY of 2.94 ± 0.16 mol H2/mol sugar consumed (HPR of 83.10 ± 4.61 ml H2/L.h), shorten biohydrogen production from 66 d to 26 d, incrementing HY by 57.30 %. The Monod model resulted in the optimum initial sugar, maximum specific growth rate, specific growth rate, and cell growth saturation coefficient at 20 g/L, 2.05 h-1, 1.98 h-1 and 6.96 g/L, respectively. The dominant bacteria identified was Thermoanaerobacterium spp. The GAC-N showed potential as a medium for immobilization to improve biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Farhana Mohd Jamaludin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syazwani Idrus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Sakinah Engliman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), P.O Box 10, 50728 Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jian Ping Tan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syakina Jamali
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Du X, Rashid SA, Abdullah LC, Rahman NA. Fabrication of electrospun cellulose/chitosan/ball-milled bone char membranes for efficient and selective sorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:110417-110430. [PMID: 37783997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Separation materials have received increasing attention given their broad applications in the management of environmental pollution. It is desired to balance the contradiction between high separation efficiency and selectivity of separation materials. The integration of ball-milled bone chars with electrospun membranes might achieve this balance. In this study, electrospun cellulose/chitosan/ball-milled bone char (CL/CS/MB) membranes were by well-dispersing ball-milled bone chars with nanoscale size (98.9-167.5 nm) and developed porosity (40.2-373.1 m2/g) in the electrospinning solvent. The synergistic integration of distributed MBs (5.4-31.5 wt.% of loading hydroxyapatite on the membrane matrix) allowed the efficient sorption of Pb(II) with fast kinetics (20.0 min), excellent capacity (219.9 mg/g at pH 5.0, T 298 K), and favorable selectivity coefficients (2.76-6.79). The formation of minerals was dominant for the selective sorption of Pb(II) by combining the spectral analysis and quantitative determination. The surface complexation with O-/reductive N-species, the cation exchange with inorganic Ca2+, the electrostatic attraction with deprotonated O-, and the cation-π coordination with the aromatic carbon via the π-electrons should be not ignored for the capture of Pb(II). This work demonstrated the feasibility of electrospun CL/CS/MB membranes as a promising candidate for the remediation of aquatic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Du
- Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norizah Abdul Rahman
- Nanomaterials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Li X, Abdullah LC, Sobri S, Syazarudin Md Said M, Aslina Hussain S, Poh Aun T, Hu J. Long-term spatiotemporal evolution and coordinated control of air pollutants in a typical mega-mountain city of Cheng-Yu region under the "dual carbon" goal. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023; 73:649-678. [PMID: 37449903 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2232744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and impact mechanism of pollution is the prerequisite for megacities to formulate relevant air pollution prevention and control measures and achieve carbon neutrality goals. Chongqing is one of the dual-core key megacities in Cheng-Yu region and as a typical mountain-city in China, environmental problems are complex and sensitive. This research aims to investigate the exceeding standard levels and spatio-temporal evolution of criteria pollutants between 2014 and 2020. The results indicated that PM10, PM2.5, CO and SO2 were decreased significantly by 45.91%, 52.86%, 38.89% and 66.67%, respectively. Conversely, the concentration of pollutant O3 present a fluctuating growth and found a "seesaw" phenomenon between it and PM. Furthermore, PM and O3 are highest in winter and summer, respectively. SO2, NO2, CO, and PM showed a "U-shaped", and O3 showed an inverted "U-shaped" seasonal variation. PM and O3 concentrations are still far behind the WHO, 2021AQGs standards. Significant spatial heterogeneity was observed in air pollution distribution. These results are of great significance for Chongqing to achieve "double control and double reduction" of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, and formulate a regional carbon peaking roadmap under climate coordination. Besides, it can provide an important platform for exploring air pollution in typical terrain around the world and provide references for related epidemiological research.Implications: Chongqing is one of the dual-core key megacities in Cheng-Yu region and as a typical mountain city, environmental problems are complex and sensitive. Under the background of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the construction of the "Cheng-Yu Dual-City Economic Circle" and the "Dual-Carbon" goal, this article comprehensively discussed the annual and seasonal excess levels and spatiotemporal evolution of pollutants under the multiple policy and the newest international standards (WHO,2021AQG) backgrounds from 2014 to 2020 in Chongqing. Furthermore, suggestions and measures related to the collaborative management of pollutants were discussed. Finally, limitations and recommendations were also put forward.Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and impact mechanism of pollution is the prerequisite for cities to formulate relevant air pollution control measures and achieve carbon neutrality goals. This study is of great significance for Chongqing to achieve "double control and double reduction" of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, study and formulate a regional carbon peaking roadmap under climate coordination and an action plan for sustained improvement of air quality.In addition, this research can advanced our understanding of air pollution in complex terrain. Furthermore, it also promote the construction of the China national strategic Cheng-Yu economic circle and build a beautiful west. Moreover, it provides scientific insights for local policymakers to guide smart urban planning, industrial layout, energy structure, and transportation planning to improve air quality throughout the Cheng-Yu region. Finally, this is also conducive to future scientific research in other regions of China, and even megacities with complex terrain in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Resource and Environment, Xichang University, Xichang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tan Poh Aun
- SOx NOx Asia Sdn Bhd, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jinzhao Hu
- Department of Resource and Environment, Xichang University, Xichang City, Sichuan Province, China
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Kamairudin N, Abdullah LC, Hoong SS, Biak DRA, Ariffin H. Preparation and Effect of Methyl-Oleate-Based Polyol on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams as Potential Thermal Insulation Material. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3028. [PMID: 37514418 PMCID: PMC10384020 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, most of the commercial polyols used in the production of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) have been derived from petrochemicals. Therefore, the introduction of modified palm oil derivatives-based polyol as a renewable material into the formulation of RPUFs is the focus of this study. A palm oil derivative-namely, methyl oleate (MO)-was successfully modified through three steps of reactions: epoxidation reaction, ring-opened with glycerol, followed by amidation reaction to produce a bio-based polyol named alkanolamide polyol. Physicochemical properties of the alkanolamide polyol were analyzed. The hydroxyl value of alkanolamide polyol was 313 mg KOH/g, which is suitable for producing RPUFs. Therefore, RPUFs were produced by replacing petrochemical polyol with alkanolamide polyol. The effects of alkanolamide polyol on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. The results showed that the apparent density and compressive strength increased, and cell size decreased, upon introducing alkanolamide polyol. All the RPUFs exhibited low water absorption and excellent dimensional stability. The RPUFs made with increased amounts of alkanolamide polyol showed higher thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, the thermal conductivities of RPUFs made with alkanolamide polyol are still within the range for thermal insulating materials (<0.1 W/m.K). The thermal stability of RPUFs was improved with the addition of alkanolamide polyol into the system. Thus, the RPUFs made from alkanolamide polyol are potential candidates to be used as insulation for refrigerators or freezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsuhaili Kamairudin
- Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Soi Hoong
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Li X, Abdullah LC, Sobri S, Md Said MS, Hussain SA, Aun TP, Hu J. Long-Term Air Pollution Characteristics and Multi-scale Meteorological Factor Variability Analysis of Mega-mountain Cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. Water Air Soil Pollut 2023; 234:328. [PMID: 37200574 PMCID: PMC10175934 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, air quality has become central to global environmental policymaking. As a typical mountain megacity in the Cheng-Yu region, the air pollution in Chongqing is unique and sensitive. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the long-term annual, seasonal, and monthly variation characteristics of six major pollutants and seven meteorological parameters. The emission distribution of major pollutants is also discussed. The relationship between pollutants and the multi-scale meteorological conditions was explored. The results indicate that particulate matter (PM), SO2 and NO2 showed a "U-shaped" variation, while O3 showed an "inverted U-shaped" seasonal variation. Industrial emissions accounted for 81.84%, 58% and 80.10% of the total SO2, NOx and dust pollution emissions, respectively. The correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 was strong (R = 0.98). In addition, PM only showed a significant negative correlation with O3. On the contrary, PM showed a significant positive correlation with other gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO). O3 is only negatively correlated with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. These findings provide an accurate and effective countermeasure for the coordinated management of air pollution in Cheng-Yu region and the formulation of the regional carbon peaking roadmap. Furthermore, it can improve the prediction accuracy of air pollution under multi-scale meteorological factors, promote effective emission reduction paths and policies in the region, and provide references for related epidemiological research. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-023-06279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Xichang University, No. 1 Xuefu Road, Anning Town, Xichang City, 615000 Sichuan Province China
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Tan Poh Aun
- SOx NOx Asia Sdn Bhd, UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jinzhao Hu
- Xichang University, No. 1 Xuefu Road, Anning Town, Xichang City, 615000 Sichuan Province China
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Amerhaider Nuar NN, Md. Jamil SNA, Choong TSY, Mat Azmi ID, Abdul Romli NA, Abdullah LC, Chiang PC, Li F. Synthesis of Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles with Starch as a Stabilizer for the Degradation of Organic Dye in an Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051327. [PMID: 36904568 PMCID: PMC10007581 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant environmental problems in the world is the massive release of dye wastewater from the dyeing industry. Therefore, the treatment of dyes effluents has received significant attention from researchers in recent years. Calcium peroxide (CP) from the group of alkaline earth metal peroxides acts as an oxidizing agent for the degradation of organic dyes in water. It is known that the commercially available CP has a relatively large particle size, which makes the reaction rate for pollution degradation relatively slow. Therefore, in this study, starch, a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer, was used as a stabilizer for synthesizing calcium peroxide nanoparticles (Starch@CPnps). The Starch@CPnps were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation of organic dyes, methylene blue (MB), using Starch@CPnps as a novel oxidant was studied using three different parameters: initial pH of the MB solution, calcium peroxide initial dosage and contact time. The degradation of the MB dye was carried out via a Fenton reaction, and the degradation efficiency of Starch@CPnps was successfully achieved up to 99%. This study shows that the potential application of starch as a stabilizer can reduce the size of the nanoparticles as it prevents the agglomeration of the nanoparticles during synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.N.A.M.J.); (T.S.Y.C.)
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Center of Sustainable Research, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.N.A.M.J.); (T.S.Y.C.)
| | - Intan Diana Mat Azmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Athirah Abdul Romli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Center of Sustainable Research, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan
| | - Fan Li
- Center of Sustainable Research, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Brendler T, Chua LS, Abdullah LC, Yam MF. Editorial: Developing medicinal plant extracts commercially: The importance of extraction and fractionation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1140783. [PMID: 36755954 PMCID: PMC9900108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1140783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ, United States,Traditional Medicinals Inc, Rohnert Park, CA, United States,Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa,*Correspondence: Thomas Brendler,
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Khalida A, Arumugam V, Abdullah LC, Abd Manaf L, Ismail MH. Dehydrated Food Waste for Composting: An Overview. JST 2022; 30:2933-2960. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.30.4.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Food waste disposal has recently received much attention worldwide due to its major impact on environmental pollution and economic costs. Using high moisture content of food waste has the highest negative environmental impact due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, odor, and leachate. Drying technologies play an important role in reducing the moisture content of food waste, which is necessary for environmental sustainability and safety. The first part of this review highlights that sun-drying is the most cost-effective drying method. However, it has not been widely recommended for food waste management due to several limitations, including the inability to control sunray temperature and the inability to control end-product quality. Thermal drying eliminates moisture from food waste quickly, preventing hydrolysis and biodegradation. Thermal dryers, such as the GAIA GC-300 dryer, and cabinet dryer fitted with a standard tray, are the best alternative to sun drying. The second part of this review highlights that dehydrated food waste products are slightly acidic (4.7–5.1), have a high electrical conductivity (EC) value (4.83–7.64 mS cm-1), with high nutrient content, due to low pH levels, dehydrated food waste is not suitable for direct use as a fertilizer for the plants. So, the dried food waste should be composted before application to the plants because the composting process will dominate the limitation of phytotoxins, anoxia, salinity, and water repellence. Trench compost can be a good choice for decomposing dried organic waste because trench compost relies solely on soil decomposing microorganisms and insects.
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Sundang M, Nurdin NS, Saalah S, Singam YJ, Al Edrus SSO, Ismail NM, Sipaut CS, Abdullah LC. Synthesis of Jatropha-Oil-Based Polyester Polyol as Sustainable Biobased Material for Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183715. [PMID: 36145855 PMCID: PMC9500860 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of vegetable oil in the production of polymeric material has gained interest due to its proven ability to replace nonrenewable petroleum sources, as it is readily modified via chemical reaction to produce polyol and subsequently for polyurethane production. Jatropha oil (JO), a second-generation feedstock, is one of the suitable candidates for polyester polyol synthesis because it contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, jatropha-based polyester polyols (JOLs) with different hydroxyl values were successfully synthesized via a two-step method: epoxidation followed by oxirane ring-opening reaction. Ring-opening reagents; methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used to produce polyol with hydroxyl number of 166, 180, and 189 mg/KOH, respectively. All the synthesized JOLs exhibited a Newtonian to shear thinning behavior in the measured shear rate ranges from 10 to 1000 s−1 at 25 °C. The viscosity of a JOL ring-opened with methanol, isopropanol, and ethanol was 202, 213, and 666 mPa·s, respectively, at 20 °C and 100 s−1, which is within the range of commercially available polyols. Successively, the JOLs were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to produce polyurethane prepolymer by utilizing 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as an emulsifier. The prepolymer was then dispersed in water to produce a waterborne polyurethane dispersion. Colloidal stability of the jatropha-based polyurethane dispersions (JPUDs) were investigated by particle size analysis. A JPUD with a small particle size in the range of 6.39 to 43.83 nm was obtained, and the trend was associated with the soft segment of the polyol in the formulation. The zeta potentials of the JPUs ranged from −47.01 to −88.9 mV, indicating that all synthesized JPUs had high dispersity and stability. The efficient synthesis procedure, low cost, and excellent properties of the resulting product are thought to offer an opportunity to use jatropha oil as a sustainable resource for polyester polyol preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murni Sundang
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Nur Sjanrah Nurdin
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sariah Saalah
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yamunah Jaibalah Singam
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al Edrus
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Coswald Stephen Sipaut
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Wood and Tropical Fibre (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kamarudin SH, Mohd Basri MS, Rayung M, Abu F, Ahmad S, Norizan MN, Osman S, Sarifuddin N, Desa MSZM, Abdullah UH, Mohamed Amin Tawakkal IS, Abdullah LC. A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRPC) for Sustainable Industrial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173698. [PMID: 36080773 PMCID: PMC9460194 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of petroleum-based resources and the adverse environmental problems, such as pollution, have stimulated considerable interest in the development of environmentally sustainable materials, which are composed of natural fiber–reinforced polymer composites. These materials could be tailored for a broad range of sustainable industrial applications with new surface functionalities. However, there are several challenges and drawbacks, such as composites processing production and fiber/matrix adhesion, that need to be addressed and overcome. This review could provide an overview of the technological challenges, processing techniques, characterization, properties, and potential applications of NFRPC for sustainable industrial applications. Interestingly, a roadmap for NFRPC to move into Industry 4.0 was highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- Department of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (M.N.N.)
| | - Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marwah Rayung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Falah Abu
- Department of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Smart Manufacturing Research Institute (SMRI), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - So’bah Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (M.N.N.)
| | - Syaiful Osman
- Department of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshahida Sarifuddin
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology and Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ummi Hani Abdullah
- Department of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Adeyi AA, Jamil SNAM, Abdullah LC, Ibrahim NNLN, Nourouzi M. Efficient sequestration of boron from liquid phase by amidoxime-functionalized poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid): experimental and modelling analyses. Water Sci Technol 2022; 85:3055-3071. [PMID: 35638805 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to produce amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) using an optimized method and to investigate the performance of amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) on the adsorption of boron ions in batch operations. Batch adsorption was conducted at the physiochemical parameters of pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial boron concentration. The isotherms and kinetics of adsorption data were studied at various initial boron concentrations. The renewed synthesis process gave a production yield of 77%, and the conversion of nitrile group to amidoxime was 78%. The adsorption reached its optimum point at pH = 8, adsorbent dosage = 4 g·L-1, and initial adsorbent concentration at 40 ppm. The best model fits for isotherm adsorption was the Sips model with heterogeneity factor (n) = 0.7611. In the kinetic study, the adsorption data fitted best with pseudo-second-order model. The synthesized polymeric adsorbent could be recycled with little decline in its boron entrapment capacities. Hence, amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) exhibited high adsorption capacity and could be potentially explored as an alternative to commercial resin in the removal of boron from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Adekanmi Adeyi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia E-mail: ; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia E-mail: ; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nor Liyana Nik Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Mohsen Nourouzi
- Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-158, Iran
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12
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Nasir HM, Aris AZ, Abdullah LC, Ismail I. Facile fabrication and characterization of kenaf core as natural biochar for the highly efficient removal of selected endocrine-disrupting compounds. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:993-1013. [PMID: 34129136 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to formulate and fabricate the optimum condition of modified kenaf core (MKC) for the removal of targeted endocrine-disrupting compounds in a batch adsorption system. Kenaf core was chemically modified using phosphoric acid as an activating agent, which involved the pyrolysis step. Results indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) for unmodified and novel modified biochar, observed in characteristic performance analysis via ultimate analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, and Brunauer-Emmett-teller (BET) surface area. The removal percentage of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in individual and binary mixture systems was examined in order to ascertain the highest removal percentage for MKC application in an aqueous solution. The main and interaction effects of three prepared variables such as incorporate of impregnation concentration of an acid catalyst (0.1-1.0 M), particle size (45-1,000 µm), and dosage (1.0-20.0 g/L) were examined and statistically analyzed via design of experiment (DoE) through developed quadratic models. The removal efficiency of E2 and EE2 in an individual system leads to T2KC > T1KC > T3KC, whereas that in the binary mixture system leads to T2KC > T1KC > T3KC and T1KC > T2KC > T3KC for E2 and EE2 adsorption, respectively, through hydrogen bonding and the π-π interaction mechanism. Thus, the findings revealed T2KC at a moderate level of acid concentration (0.5 M H3PO4) to be a potential biochar, with an environmentally safe and sound profile for opposing emerging pollutant issues as well as for the attainment of sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanisah Mohmad Nasir
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismayadi Ismail
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Nasir HM, Wee SY, Aris AZ, Abdullah LC, Ismail I. Processing of natural fibre and method improvement for removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132726. [PMID: 34718023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in bodies of water are a concern for human health and constitute an environmental issue, even if present in trace amounts. Conventional treatment systems do not entirely remove EDCs from discharge effluent. Due to the ultra-trace level of EDCs which affect human health and pose an environmental issue, developing new approaches and techniques to remove these micropollutants from the discharged effluent is vital. This review discusses the most common methods of eliminating EDCs through preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. The adsorption process is favoured for EDC removal, as it is an economical and straightforward option. The NABC aspects, which are the need, approach, benefits and challenges, were analysed based on existing circumstances, highlighting biochar as a green and renewable adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants. From the environmental point of view, the effectiveness of this method, which uses natural fibre from the kenaf plant as a porous and economical biochar material with a selected lignocellulosic biomass, provides insights into the advantages of biochar-derived adsorbents. Essentially, the improvement of the natural fibre as an adsorbent is a focus, using carbonisation, activation, and the physiochemical process to enhance the adsorption ability of the material for pollutants in bodies of water. This output will complement sustainable water management approaches presented in previous studies for combating the emerging pollutant crisis via novel green and environmentally safe options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanisah Mohmad Nasir
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismayadi Ismail
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Kamarudin SH, Rayung M, Abu F, Ahmad S, Fadil F, Karim AA, Norizan MN, Sarifuddin N, Mat Desa MSZ, Mohd Basri MS, Samsudin H, Abdullah LC. A Review on Antimicrobial Packaging from Biodegradable Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:174. [PMID: 35012197 PMCID: PMC8747113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial packaging has been growing rapidly due to an increase in awareness and demands for sustainable active packaging that could preserve the quality and prolong the shelf life of foods and products. The addition of highly efficient antibacterial nanoparticles, antifungals, and antioxidants to biodegradable and environmentally friendly green polymers has become a significant advancement trend for the packaging evolution. Impregnation of antimicrobial agents into the packaging film is essential for impeding or destroying the pathogenic microorganisms causing food illness and deterioration. Higher safety and quality as well as an extended shelf life of sustainable active packaging desired by the industry are further enhanced by applying the different types of antimicrobial packaging systems. Antimicrobial packaging not only can offer a wide range of advantages, but also preserves the environment through usage of renewable and biodegradable polymers instead of common synthetic polymers, thus reducing plastic pollution generated by humankind. This review intended to provide a summary of current trends and applications of antimicrobial, biodegradable films in the packaging industry as well as the innovation of nanotechnology to increase efficiency of novel, bio-based packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uitm Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (F.A.); (S.A.); (F.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Marwah Rayung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Falah Abu
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uitm Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (F.A.); (S.A.); (F.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - So’bah Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uitm Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (F.A.); (S.A.); (F.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Fatirah Fadil
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uitm Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (F.A.); (S.A.); (F.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Azrena Abdul Karim
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uitm Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (F.A.); (S.A.); (F.F.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Norshahida Sarifuddin
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology and Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang 26300, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Hayati Samsudin
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Amri MR, Md Yasin F, Abdullah LC, Al-Edrus SSO, Mohamad SF. Ternary Nanocomposite System Composing of Graphene Nanoplatelet, Cellulose Nanofiber and Jatropha Oil Based Waterborne Polyurethane: Characterizations, Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Conductivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213740. [PMID: 34771296 PMCID: PMC8587327 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the performance of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as conductive filler with the presence of 0.5 wt.% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) on the physical, mechanical, conductivity and thermal properties of jatropha oil based waterborne polyurethane. Polyurethane was made from crude jatropha oil using an epoxidation and ring-opening process. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.% GNP and 0.5 wt.% CNF were incorporated using casting method to enhance film performance. Mechanical properties were studied following standard method as stated in ASTM D638-03 Type V. Thermal stability of the nanocomposite system was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Filler interaction and chemical crosslinking was monitored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and film morphology were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Water uptake analysis, water contact angle and conductivity tests are also carried out. The results showed that when the GNP was incorporated at fixed CNF content, it was found to enhance the nanocomposite film, its mechanical, thermal and water behavior properties as supported by morphology and water uptake. Nanocomposite film with 0.5 wt.% GNP shows the highest improvement in term of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, thermal degradation and water behavior. As the GNP loading increases, water uptake of the nanocomposite film was found relatively small (<1%). Contact angle test also indicates that the film is hydrophobic with addition of GNP. The conductivity properties of the nanocomposite film were not enhanced due to electrostatic repulsion force between GNP sheet and hard segment of WBPU. Overall, with addition of GNP, mechanical and thermal properties was greatly enhanced. However, conductivity value was not enhanced as expected due to electrostatic repulsion force. Therefore, ternary nanocomposite system is a suitable candidate for coating application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ridzuan Amri
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Advance Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (F.M.Y.); (L.C.A.); (S.S.O.A.-E.)
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (F.M.Y.); (L.C.A.); (S.S.O.A.-E.)
| | - Syeed Saifulazry Osman Al-Edrus
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (F.M.Y.); (L.C.A.); (S.S.O.A.-E.)
| | - Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad
- Radiation Processing and Technology Division, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
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16
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M Saber SE, Abdullah LC, Jamil SNAM, Choong TSY, Ting TM. Trimethylamine functionalized radiation-induced grafted polyamide 6 fibers for p-nitrophenol adsorption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19573. [PMID: 34599205 PMCID: PMC8486744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The method of pre-irradiation grafting was used with the aid of electron beam (EB) accelerator to accomplish the grafting of polyamide 6 fibers (PA6) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The extent to which GMA was grafted on PA6 was found to be markedly influenced by the absorbed dose of radiation and the reaction time of grafting. Trimethylamine (TMA) was afterwards employed for the functionalization of GMA-grafted fibers (PA6-g-GMA). A range of analyses (e.g., FTIR, FESEM, XRD, BET, and pHpzc) were carried out to determine the physiochemical and morphological properties of the fibrous adsorbent. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption from aqueous solution was conducted with the resulting TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) adsorbent. The adsorption behaviour of PNP on the fibrous adsorbent was clarified by investigating the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. According to the results, the adsorption of PNP on TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) reflected the pseudo-second order model. Meanwhile, the isotherm analysis revealed that the best description of the equilibrium data was provided by Redlich-Peterson model, followed closely by Langmuir isotherm model. The achieved adsorption capacity was highest at 176.036 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption was indicated by the thermodynamic analysis to be spontaneous and exothermic. Regeneration and recycling of the adsorbent was possible for a minimum of five cycles with no reduction in adsorption capacity. It was concluded that the fibrous adsorbent could have applications for the removal of PNP at industrial pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Ezzuldin M Saber
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- North Refineries Company, Baiji, Salahuddin, Ministry of Oil, Iraq.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thomas S Y Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teo Ming Ting
- Radiation Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Latiff NA, Ong PY, Abd Rashid SNA, Abdullah LC, Mohd Amin NA, Fauzi NAM. Enhancing recovery of bioactive compounds from Cosmos caudatus leaves via ultrasonic extraction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17297. [PMID: 34453075 PMCID: PMC8397774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmos caudatus (C. caudatus) is a medicinal plant that is high in bioactive compounds such as phenolics. In this study, an ultrasound extraction method was used to optimise the extraction of bioactive compounds from C. caudatus leaves. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to obtain the optimum extraction parameters which is solid–liquid ratio (10–30 g/mL), particle size (180–850 µm) and extraction time (20–30 min) for maximal quercitrin and total phenolic content (TPC) yields. Analysis of antimicrobial activity was performed against two human pathogenic microbes: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by the agar well diffusion method. The optimal ultrasonic extraction condition was as follow: solvent-liquid ratio of 1:28 (g/mL), particle size of 485 µm, and duration of 30 min, respectively. Remarkably, extraction using ultrasonic method had recovered more bioactive content and antioxidant activity than the Soxhlet method. The extract also exhibited good antimicrobial activities. Due to the above findings, the ultrasonic extraction was found to be suitable to improve recovery extraction of quercitrin and TPC from C. caudatus leaves. It also opens the possibility that the plant extract can be used for functional food and antimicrobial agents in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norliza Abdul Latiff
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Ying Ong
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Amaiza Mohd Amin
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akhmazillah Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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18
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Mudri NH, Abdullah LC, Aung MM, Biak DRA, Tajau R. Structural and Rheological Properties of Nonedible Vegetable Oil-Based Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152490. [PMID: 34372093 PMCID: PMC8347605 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) was prepared from crude Jatropha oil via an epoxidation and hydroxylation reaction. During the isocyanation step, two different types of diisocyanates; 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), were introduced to produce Jatropha oil-based polyurethane acrylates (JPUA). The products were named JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI, respectively. The success of the stepwise reactions of the resins was confirmed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to support the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis that was reported in the previous study. For JPUA-TDI, the presence of a signal at 7.94 ppm evidenced the possible side reactions between urethane linkages with secondary amine that resulted in an aryl-urea group (Ar-NH-COO-). Meanwhile, the peak of 2.89 ppm was assigned to the α-position of methylene to the carbamate (-CH2NHCOO) group in the JPUA-IPDI. From the rheological study, JO and JPUA-IPDI in pure form were classified as Newtonian fluids, while JPUA-TDI showed non-Newtonian behaviour with pseudoplastic or shear thinning behaviour at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, the JO, JPUA-IPDI mixture and JPUA-TDI mixture exhibited reductions in viscosity and shear stress as the shear rate increased. The JO and JPUA-IPDI mixture maintained Newtonian fluid behaviour at all temperature ranges. Meanwhile, the JPUA-TDI mixture showed shear thickening at 25 °C and shear thinning at 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C. The master curve graph based on the shear rate for the JO, JPUA-TDI mixture and JPUA-IPDI mixture at 25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C was developed as a fluid behaviour reference for future storage and processing conditions during the encapsulation process. The encapsulation process can be conducted to fabricate a self-healing coating based on a microcapsule triggered either by air or ultra-violet (UV) radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda Mudri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or (N.H.M.); (L.C.A.); Tel.: +603-8946-6288 (L.C.A.)
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or (N.H.M.); (L.C.A.); Tel.: +603-8946-6288 (L.C.A.)
| | - Min Min Aung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rida Tajau
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
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19
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Awang MA, Chua LS, Abdullah LC, Pin KY. Drying Kinetics and Optimization of Quercetrin Extraction from
Melastoma malabathricum
Leaves. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azrie Awang
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institute of Bioproduct Development 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institute of Bioproduct Development 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kar Yong Pin
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 Kepong Selangor Malaysia
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Soo JW, Abdullah LC, Jamil SNAM, Adeyi AA. Sequestration of p-nitrophenol from liquid phase by poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) containing thioamide group. Water Sci Technol 2021; 84:237-250. [PMID: 34280167 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the adsorptive performance of synthesized thiourea (TU) modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (TU-P(AN-co-AA)) polymeric adsorbent for capturing p-nitrophenol (PNP) from aqueous solution was investigated. TU-P(AN-co-AA) was synthesized via the redox polymerization method with acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid (AA) as the monomers, then modified chemically with thiourea (TU). Characterization analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental microanalysis for CHNS, zeta potential measurement, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis and thermal analyses were carried out to determine the morphology and physico-chemical properties of the synthesized polymer. The characterization results indicated successful surface modification of polymer with TU. The performance of TU-P(AN-co-AA) for the removal of PNP was investigated under various experimental parameters (adsorbent dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, contact time and temperature). The results demonstrated that the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the equilibrium and kinetic data, respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed that the uptake of PNP by TU-P(AN-co-AA) was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The results of the regeneration studies suggested that the TU-P(AN-co-AA) polymer is a reusable adsorbent with great potential for removing PNP from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Soo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - L C Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S N A M Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - A A Adeyi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Department Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State 360211, Nigeria
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21
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Mohamad SNK, Ramli I, Abdullah LC, Mohamed NH, Islam MS, Ibrahim NA, Ishak NS. Evaluation on Structural Properties and Performances of Graphene Oxide Incorporated into Chitosan/Poly-Lactic Acid Composites: CS/PLA versus CS/PLA-GO. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111839. [PMID: 34199389 PMCID: PMC8199591 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, to fabricate a novel composite consisting of chitosan/poly-lactic acid doped with graphene oxide (CS/PLA-GO), composites were prepared via solution blending method to create various compositions of CS and PLA (90/10, 70/30 and 50/50CS/PLA-GO). Graphene oxide (GO) was added into a PLA solution prior to blending it with chitosan (CS). The surface morphology and structural properties of synthesized composites were characterized using FT-IR, SEM and XRD analysis. The performances of synthesized composites on thermal strength, mechanical strength, water absorption, and microbial activity were also evaluated through standard testing methods. The morphology of 70/30CS/PLA-GO became smoother with the addition of GO due to enhanced interfacial adhesion between CS, PLA and GO. The presence of GO has also improved the miscibility of CS and PLA and has superior properties compared to CS/PLA composites. Moreover, the addition of GO has boosted the thermal stability of the composite, with a significant enhancement of Td and Tg. The highest Td and Tg were accomplished at 389 °C and 76.88 °C, respectively, for the 70/30CS/PLA-GO composite in comparison to the CS and PLA that recorded Td at 272 °C and 325 °C and Tg at 61 °C and 60 °C, respectively. In addition, as reinforcement, GO provided a significant influence on the tensile strength of composites where the tensile modulus showed remarkable improvement compared to pure CS and CS/PLA composites. Furthermore, CS/PLA-GO composites showed excellent water-barrier properties. Among other compositions, 70/30CS/PLA revealed the greatest decrement in water absorption. From the antibacterial results, it was observed that 90/10CS/PLA-GO and 70/30CS/PLA-GO showed an inhibitory effect and had wide inhibition zones which were 8.0 and 8.5 mm, respectively, against bacteria Bacillus Subtillis B29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Kamilah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.N.K.M.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Irmawati Ramli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.N.K.M.); (N.A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-397-696-786
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.C.A.); (N.S.I.)
| | | | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology, Qadirabad, Natore 6431, Bangladesh;
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.N.K.M.); (N.A.I.)
| | - Nor Shafizah Ishak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (L.C.A.); (N.S.I.)
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Lee CH, Padzil FNBM, Lee SH, Ainun ZMA, Abdullah LC. Potential for Natural Fiber Reinforcement in PLA Polymer Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091407. [PMID: 33925266 PMCID: PMC8123616 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the potential of natural fiber and kenaf fiber (KF) reinforced PLA composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing technology is highlighted. Additive manufacturing is a material-processing method in which the addition of materials layer by layer creates a three-dimensional object. Unfortunately, it still cannot compete with conventional manufacturing processes, and instead serves as an economically effective tool for small-batch or high-variety product production. Being preformed of composite filaments makes it easiest to print using an FDM 3D printer without or with minimum alteration to the hardware parts. On the other hand, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite filaments have gained great attention in the market. However, uneven printing, clogging, and the inhomogeneous distribution of the fiber-matrix remain the main challenges. At the same time, kenaf fibers are one of the most popular reinforcements in polymer composites. Although they have a good record on strength reinforcement, with low cost and light weight, kenaf fiber reinforcement PLA filament is still seldom seen in previous studies. Therefore, this review serves to promote kenaf fiber in PLA composite filaments for FDM 3D printing. To promote the use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite in AM, eight challenges must be solved and carried out. Moreover, some concerns arise to achieve long-term sustainability and market acceptability of KF/PLA composite filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hao Lee
- Laboratory of Biocomposites, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.H.L.); (F.N.B.M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Z.M.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Farah Nadia Binti Mohammad Padzil
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.H.L.); (F.N.B.M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Z.M.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.H.L.); (F.N.B.M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Z.M.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Zuriyati Mohamed Asa’ari Ainun
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.H.L.); (F.N.B.M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Z.M.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (C.H.L.); (F.N.B.M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Z.M.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
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23
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Ezzuldin M Saber S, Md Jamil SNA, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY, Ming Ting T. Insights into the p-nitrophenol adsorption by amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile- co-acrylic acid): characterization, kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamic, regeneration and mechanism study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8150-8162. [PMID: 35423311 PMCID: PMC8695099 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10910j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study performs an appraisal of the adsorptive capacity of amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) or abbreviated as (AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA)) for the p-nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption, from aquatic environments via batch system. The AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) polymer was developed with redox polymerization, and then altered by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH). Tools used to describe the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) were Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption kinetics were examined by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. Meanwhile, the isotherms were investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson models. It was found that the adsorption was best fitted with pseudo-second order, and agreed with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was described best with the Freundlich isotherm due to highest R 2 (0.999). The maximum adsorption capacity was 143.06 mg g-1 at 298 K, and thermodynamic functions showed that the adsorption process was exothermic. Also, following five regeneration cycles, the adsorbent recorded 71.7% regeneration efficiency. The finding in this study indicates that the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) is an effective adsorbent to remove PNP from an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Ezzuldin M Saber
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- North Refineries Company, Ministry of Oil of Iraq Baiji Salahuddin Iraq
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Malaysia
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Malaysia
| | - Teo Ming Ting
- Radiation Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
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Kamairudin N, Hoong SS, Abdullah LC, Ariffin H, Biak DRA. Optimisation of Epoxide Ring-Opening Reaction for the Synthesis of Bio-Polyol from Palm Oil Derivative Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2021; 26:648. [PMID: 33513686 PMCID: PMC7865885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-polyol from vegetable oil and its derivatives is gaining much interest from polyurethane industries and academia. In view of this, the availability of methyl oleate derived from palm oil, which is aimed at biodiesel production, provides an excellent feedstock to produce bio-polyol for polyurethane applications. In this recent study, response surface methodology (RSM) with a combination of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimise the reaction parameters in order to obtain a maximised hydroxyl value (OHV). Three reaction parameters were selected, namely the mole ratio of epoxidised methyl oleate (EMO) to glycerol (1:5-1:10), the amount of catalyst loading (0.15-0.55%) and reaction temperature (90-150 °C) on a response variable as the hydroxyl value (OHV). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic model was significant at 98% confidence level with (p-value > 0.0001) with an insignificant lack of fit and the regression coefficient (R2) was 0.9897. The optimum reaction conditions established by the predicted model were: 1:10 mole ratio of EMO to glycerol, 0.18% of catalyst and 120 °C reaction temperature, giving a hydroxyl value (OHV) of 306.190 mg KOH/g for the experimental value and 301.248 mg KOH/g for the predicted value. This result proves that the RSM model is capable of forecasting the relevant response. FTIR analysis was employed to monitor the changes of functional group for each synthesis and the confirmation of this finding was analysed by NMR analysis. The viscosity and average molecular weight (MW) were 513.48 mPa and 491 Da, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsuhaili Kamairudin
- Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Seng Soi Hoong
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.K.); (H.A.)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Higher Education Centre of Excellence (HiCoE), Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.K.); (H.A.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Mudri NH, Abdullah LC, Aung MM, Salleh MZ, Awang Biak DR, Rayung M. Comparative Study of Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Isocyanate Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071494. [PMID: 32635384 PMCID: PMC7407579 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude jatropha oil (JO) was modified to form jatropha oil-based polyol (JOL) via two steps in a chemical reaction known as epoxidation and hydroxylation. JOL was then reacted with isocyanates to produce JO-based polyurethane resin. In this study, two types of isocyanates, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were introduced to produce JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI respectively. 2,4-TDI is categorised as an aromatic isocyanate whilst IPDI is known as a cycloaliphatic isocyanate. Both JPUA-TDI and JPUA-IPDI were then end-capped by the acrylate functional group of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The effects of that isocyanate structure were investigated for their physico, chemical and thermal properties. The changes of the functional groups during each synthesis step were monitored by FTIR analysis. The appearance of urethane peaks was observed at 1532 cm−1, 1718 cm−1 and 3369 cm−1 while acrylate peaks were detected at 815 cm−1 and 1663 cm−1 indicating that JPUA was successfully synthesised. It was found that the molar mass of JPUA-TDI was doubled compared to JPUA-IPDI. Each resin showed a similar degradation pattern analysed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). For the mechanical properties, the JPUA-IPDI-based coating formulation exhibited a higher hardness value but poor adhesion compared to the JPUA-TDI-based coating formulation. Both types of jatropha-based polyurethane acrylate may potentially be used in an ultraviolet (UV) curing system specifically for clear coat surface applications to replace dependency on petroleum-based chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda Mudri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (N.H.M); (L.C.A.); Tel.: +60-3-8946-6288 (L.C.A.)
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.M); (L.C.A.); Tel.: +60-3-8946-6288 (L.C.A.)
| | - Min Min Aung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (M.R.)
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mek Zah Salleh
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marwah Rayung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (M.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rayung M, Aung MM, Su’ait MS, Chuah Abdullah L, Ahmad A, Lim HN. Performance Analysis of Jatropha Oil-Based Polyurethane Acrylate Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Omega 2020; 5:14267-14274. [PMID: 32596563 PMCID: PMC7315420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biobased polymers are useful materials in substituting conventional petroleum-derived polymers because of their good properties, ready availability, and abundance in nature. This study reports a new jatropha oil-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The GPE was prepared by mixing jatropha oil-based polyurethane acrylate (PUA) with different concentrations of lithium iodide (LiI). The GPE was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, lithium nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, electrochemical analysis, and photocurrent conversion efficiency. The highest room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.88 × 10-4 S cm-1 was obtained at 20 wt % of LiI salt. Additionally, the temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of the GPE exhibited Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of 0.42 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 1.56 × 103 S cm-1. The electrochemical stability study showed that the PUA GPE was stable up to 2.35 V. The thermal stability of the gel electrolyte showed an improvement after the addition of the salt, suggesting a strong intermolecular interaction between PUA and Li, which leads to polymer-salt complexation, as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. A DSSC has been assembled using the optimum ionic conductivity gel electrolyte which indicated 1.2% efficiency under 1 sun condition. Thus, the jatropha oil-based GPE demonstrated favorable properties that make it a promising alternative to petroleum-derived polymer electrolytes in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Rayung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Min Min Aung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Unit Chemistry,
Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sukor Su’ait
- Solar Energy Research
Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Ngee Lim
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Adeyi AA, Jamil SNAM, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY, Lau KL, Alias NH. Simultaneous Adsorption of Malachite Green and Methylene Blue Dyes in a Fixed-Bed Column Using Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Acrylic Acid) Modified with Thiourea. Molecules 2020; 25:E2650. [PMID: 32517324 PMCID: PMC7321146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper remediation of aquatic environments contaminated by toxic organic dyes has become a research focus globally for environmental and chemical engineers. This study evaluates the adsorption potential of a polymer-based adsorbent, thiourea-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (T-PAA) adsorbent, for the simultaneous uptake of malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) dye ions from binary system in a continuous flow adsorption column. The influence of inlet dye concentrations, pH, flow rate, and adsorbent bed depth on adsorption process were investigated, and the breakthrough curves obtained experimentally. Results revealed that the sorption capacity of the T-PAA for MG and MB increase at high pH, concentration and bed-depth. Thomas, Bohart-Adams, and Yoon-Nelson models constants were calculated to describe MG and MB adsorption. It was found that the three dynamic models perfectly simulate the adsorption rate and behavior of cationic dyes entrapment. Finally, T-PAA adsorbent demonstrated good cyclic stability. It can be regenerated seven times (or cycles) with no significant loss in adsorption potential. Overall, the excellent sorption capacity and multiple usage make T-PAA polymer an attractive adsorbent materials for treatment of multicomponent dye bearing effluent in a fixed-bed column system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Adekanmi Adeyi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.); (T.S.Y.C.); (K.L.L.); (N.H.A.)
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, ABUAD, KM. 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti PMB 5454, Nigeria
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.); (T.S.Y.C.); (K.L.L.); (N.H.A.)
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.); (T.S.Y.C.); (K.L.L.); (N.H.A.)
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Kia Li Lau
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.); (T.S.Y.C.); (K.L.L.); (N.H.A.)
| | - Nor Halaliza Alias
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.); (T.S.Y.C.); (K.L.L.); (N.H.A.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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Malekbala MR, Soltani S, Abdul Rashid S, Abdullah LC, Rashid U, Nehdi IA, Choong TSY, Teo SH. Optimization the Process of Chemically Modified Carbon Nanofiber Coated Monolith via Response Surface Methodology for CO 2 Capture. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1775. [PMID: 32290065 PMCID: PMC7179043 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a sequence of experiments was performed to assess the influence of the key process parameters on the formation of a carbon nanofiber-coated monolith (CNFCM), using a four-level factorial design in response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of reaction temperature, hydrocarbon flow rate, catalyst and catalyst promoter were examined using RSM to enhance the formation yield of CNFs on a monolith substrate. To calculate carbon yield, a quadratic polynomial model was modified through multiple regression analysis and the best possible reaction conditions were found as follows: a reaction temperature of 800 °C, furfuryl alcohol flow of 0.08525 mL/min, ferrocene catalyst concentration of 2.21 g. According to the characterization study, the synthesized CNFs showed a high graphitization which were uniformly distributed on a monolith substrate. Besides this, the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption from the gaseous mixture (N2/CO2) under a range of experimental conditions was investigated at monolithic column. To get the most out of the CO2 capture, an as-prepared sample was post-modified using ammonia. Furthermore, a deactivation model (DM) was introduced for the purpose of studying the breakthrough curves. The CO2 adsorption onto CNFCM was experimentally examined under following operating conditions: a temperature of 30-50 °C, pressure of 1-2 bar, flow rate of 50-90 mL/min, and CO2 feed amount of 10-40 vol.%. A lower adsorption capacity and shorter breakthrough time were detected by escalating the temperature. On the other hand, the capacity for CO2 adsorption increased by raising the CO2 feed amount, feed flow rate, and operating pressure. The comparative evaluation of CO2 uptake over unmodified and modified CNFCM adsorbents confirmed that the introduced modification procedure caused a substantial improvement in CO2 adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rasool Malekbala
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.R.M.); (S.S.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Soroush Soltani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.R.M.); (S.S.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.R.M.); (S.S.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Imededdine Arbi Nehdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratoire de Recherche LR18ES08, Chemistry Department, Science College, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.R.M.); (S.S.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Siow Hwa Teo
- Chancellery Office, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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Padzil FNM, Lee SH, Ainun ZMA, Lee CH, Abdullah LC. Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1245. [PMID: 32164150 PMCID: PMC7085086 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is considered the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and exists abundantly in Malaysia. It has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants. On the other hand, the well-known polymeric hydrogel has gathered a lot of interest due to its three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network with high porosity. However, some issues regarding its performance like poor interfacial connectivity and mechanical strength have been raised, hence nanocellulose has been introduced. In this review, the plantation of oil palm in Malaysia is discussed to show the potential of OPEFB as a nanocellulose material in hydrogel production. Nanocellulose can be categorized into three nano-structured celluloses, which differ in the processing method. The most popular nanocellulose hydrogel processing methods are included in this review. The 3D printing method is taking the lead in current hydrogel production due to its high complexity and the need for hygiene products. Some of the latest advanced applications are discussed to show the high commercialization potential of nanocellulose hydrogel products. The authors also considered the challenges and future direction of nanocellulose hydrogel. OPEFB has met the requirements of the marketplace and product value chains as nanocellulose raw materials in hydrogel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nadia Mohammad Padzil
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuriyati Mohamed Asa’ari Ainun
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ching Hao Lee
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Shaipulizan NS, Md Jamil SNA, Kamaruzaman S, Subri NNS, Adeyi AA, Abdullah AH, Abdullah LC. Preparation of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA)-Based Terpolymer as Potential Sorbents for Pharmaceuticals Adsorption. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E423. [PMID: 32059354 PMCID: PMC7077665 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is used as a crosslinker in poly(acrylonitrile (AN)-co-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC)) to investigate the effect of long-chain crosslinker to the porosity of the terpolymer system. Poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) is synthesized by using precipitation polymerization method and further hypercrosslinked by Friedel-Crafts reaction. FT-IR spectra of poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) show that the absorption bands at ~1290 cm-1 that are assigned to the C-Cl vibrations are almost disappeared in hypercrosslinked (HXL) poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) polymers, confirming that the hypercrosslinking reaction is successful. SEM images show that the morphologies of the polymers are retained through the hypercrosslinking reactions. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis shows that hypercrosslinked polymers had a specific surface area up to 59 m2·g-1. The preliminary performance of the terpolymer adsorbent to capture polar analyte is evaluated by adsorbing salicylic acid and mefenamic acid from aqueous solution in a batch system. The maximum adsorption capacity of salicylic acid and mefenamic acid were up to 416.7 mg·g-1 and 625 mg·g-1, respectively, and the adsorption kinetic data obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafiqah Shaipulizan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazlinda Kamaruzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Nur Nida Syamimi Subri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Abel Adekanmi Adeyi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, ABUAD, KM. 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | - Abdul Halim Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
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Rayung M, Aung MM, Azhar SC, Abdullah LC, Su’ait MS, Ahmad A, Jamil SNAM. Bio-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices: Insight into the Ionic Conductivity Performance. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E838. [PMID: 32059600 PMCID: PMC7078607 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuing efforts to explore alternatives to petrochemical-based polymers and the escalating demand to minimize environmental impact, bio-based polymers have gained a massive amount of attention over the last few decades. The potential uses of these bio-based polymers are varied, from household goods to high end and advanced applications. To some extent, they can solve the depletion and sustainability issues of conventional polymers. As such, this article reviews the trends and developments of bio-based polymers for the preparation of polymer electrolytes that are intended for use in electrochemical device applications. A range of bio-based polymers are presented by focusing on the source, the general method of preparation, and the properties of the polymer electrolyte system, specifically with reference to the ionic conductivity. Some major applications of bio-based polymer electrolytes are discussed. This review examines the past studies and future prospects of these materials in the polymer electrolyte field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Rayung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Min Min Aung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Unit Chemistry, Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.C.A.); (S.N.A.M.J.)
| | - Shah Christirani Azhar
- Unit Chemistry, Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.C.A.); (S.N.A.M.J.)
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Sukor Su’ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.S.S.); (A.A.)
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Unit Chemistry, Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.C.A.); (S.N.A.M.J.)
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Abdullah NH, Shameli K, Nia PM, Etesami M, Abdullah EC, Abdullah LC. Electrocatalytic activity of starch/Fe3O4/zeolite bionanocomposite for oxygen reduction reaction. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shazali NAH, Zaidi NE, Ariffin H, Abdullah LC, Ghaemi F, Abdullah JM, Takashima I, Nik Abd Rahman NMA. Characterization and Cellular Internalization of Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) into Normal and Cancerous Fibroblasts. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3251. [PMID: 31590332 PMCID: PMC6803863 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from commercialized oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose nanofibre (CNF) through sulphuric acid hydrolysis and explore its safeness as a potential nanocarrier. Successful extraction of CNC was confirmed through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transmission infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometry analysis. For subsequent cellular uptake study, the spherical CNC was covalently tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), resulting in negative charged FITC-CNC nanospheres with a dispersity (Ð) of 0.371. MTT assay revealed low degree cytotoxicity for both CNC and FITC-CNC against C6 rat glioma and NIH3T3 normal fibroblasts up to 50 µg/mL. FITC conjugation had no contribution to the particle's toxicity. Through confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), synthesized FITC-CNC manifested negligible cellular accumulation, indicating a poor non-selective adsorptive endocytosis into studied cells. Overall, an untargeted CNC-based nanosphere with less cytotoxicity that posed poor selectivity against normal and cancerous cells was successfully synthesized. It can be considered safe and suitable to be developed into targeted nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aima Hafiza Shazali
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorzaileen Eileena Zaidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ferial Ghaemi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Brain Mapping and Neuroinformatics Unit, Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research (P3Neuro), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ichiro Takashima
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Danial R, Sobri S, Abdullah LC, Mobarekeh MN. FTIR, CHNS and XRD analyses define mechanism of glyphosate herbicide removal by electrocoagulation. Chemosphere 2019; 233:559-569. [PMID: 31195261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of glyphosate removal in an electrocoagulation batch with two electrodes formed by the same metal type, consisting of aluminum, iron, steel and copper have been compared. The aim of this study intends to remove glyphosate from an aqueous solution by an electrocoagulation process using metal electrode plates, which involves electrogeneration of metal cations as coagulant agents. The production of metal cations showed an ability to bind together to form aggregates of flocs composed of a combination of glyphosate and metal oxide. Electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes indicated a high percentage removal of glyphosate, 94.25%; followed by iron electrodes, 88.37%; steel electrodes, 62.82%; and copper electrodes, 46.69%. The treated aqueous solution was then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Percentages of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur remaining in the treated aqueous solution after the electrocoagulation process have been determined. The treated water and sludge were characterized and the mechanism of the overall process was concluded as an outcome. An X-Ray Diffraction analysis of dried sludge confirmed that new polymeric compounds were formed during the treatment. The sludge composed of new compounds were also verified the removals. This study revealed that an electrocoagulation process using metal electrodes is reliable and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatuladawiyah Danial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Malekbala MR, Soltani S, Abdul Rashid S, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY. Study the effect of various wash-coated metal oxides over synthesized carbon nanofibers coated monolith substrates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219936. [PMID: 31365558 PMCID: PMC6668903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research work, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized on honeycomb monolith substrates using injection chemical vapor deposition (ICVD) technique. The effect of various wash-coated materials and catalyst promoter on the growth rate of CNFs on monolith substrates were examined. The characteristics of the synthesized CNFs-coated monolith composites were examined using Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. According to the textural characterization study, the specific surface area and pore volume of CNFs-coated monolith composites were significantly improved as compared to bare monolith which might be attributed to the growth of highly pure and aligned CNFs over monolith substrate. Besides that, the synthesized CNFs-coated monolith possessed extremely well thermal stability up to the temperature of 550 °C which was corresponded to the strong attachment of highly graphitized CNFs over monolith substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rasool Malekbala
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/ Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soroush Soltani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/ Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/ Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/ Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Adeyi AA, Jamil SNAM, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY, Lau KL, Abdullah M. Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Aquatic Environments Using Thiourea-Modified Poly(Acrylonitrile- co-Acrylic Acid). Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12111734. [PMID: 31141981 PMCID: PMC6600694 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The paper evaluates the adsorptive potential of thiourea-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid), (TA-poly(AN-co-AA)) for the uptake of cationic methylene blue (MB) from aquatic environments via a batch system. TA-poly(AN-co-AA) polymer was synthesized through redox polymerization and modified with thiourea (TA) where thioamide groups were introduced to the surface. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), CHNS and Zetasizer were used to characterize the physico-chemical and morphological properties of prepared TA-poly(AN-co-AA). Afterwards, it was confirmed that incorporation of thioamide groups was successful. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data were best described, respectively, by a pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model. Thermodynamic analysis showed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of MB uptake by TA-poly(AN-co-AA). The developed TA-poly(AN-co-AA) polymer demonstrated efficient separation of MB dye from the aqueous solution and maintained maximum adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. The findings of this study suggested that synthesized TA-poly(AN-co-AA) can be applied successfully to remove cationic dyes from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Adekanmi Adeyi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, ABUAD, KM. 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Kia Li Lau
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Masai 81750, Johor darul Takzim, Malaysia.
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Lee SY, Abdullah LC, Rahman RA, Abas F, Chong GH. Role of polymers as crystal growth inhibitors in coprecipitation via solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) to improve andrographolide dissolution from standardized Andrographis paniculata extract. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Othman N, Masarudin MJ, Kuen CY, Dasuan NA, Abdullah LC, Md Jamil SNA. Synthesis and Optimization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with L-Ascorbic Acid and Thymoquinone. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8110920. [PMID: 30405074 PMCID: PMC6267081 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The combination of compounds with different classes (hydrophobic and hydrophilic characters) in single chitosan carrier is a challenge due to the hydrophilicity of chitosan. Utilization of l-ascorbic acid (LAA) and thymoquinone (TQ) compounds as effective antioxidants is marred by poor bioavailability and uptake. Nanoparticles (NPs) solved the problem by functioning as a carrier for them because they have high surface areas for more efficient delivery and uptake by cells. This research, therefore, synthesized chitosan NPs (CNPs) containing LAA and TQ, CNP-LAA-TQ via ionic gelation routes as the preparation is non-toxic. They were characterized using electron microscopy, zetasizer, UV⁻VIS spectrophotometry, and infrared spectroscopy. The optimum CNP-LAA-TQ size produced was 141.5 ± 7.8 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.207 ± 0.013. The encapsulation efficiency of CNP-LAA-TQ was 22.8 ± 3.2% for LAA and 35.6 ± 3.6% for TQ. Combined hydrophilic LAA and hydrophobic TQ proved that a myriad of highly efficacious compounds with poor systemic uptake could be encapsulated together in NP systems to increase their pharmaceutical efficiency, indirectly contributing to the advancement of medical and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhanisah Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Cha Yee Kuen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Azira Dasuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lee SY, Abdullah LC, Abdul Rahman R, Abas F, Tan WK, Chong GH. Solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS): An approach in particle engineering to modify aqueous solubility of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata extract. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ghaemi F, Abdullah LC, Kargarzadeh H, Abdi MM, Azli NFWM, Abbasian M. Comparative Study of the Electrochemical, Biomedical, and Thermal Properties of Natural and Synthetic Nanomaterials. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:112. [PMID: 29679180 PMCID: PMC5910327 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this research, natural nanomaterials including cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), nanofiber cellulose (NFC), and synthetic nanoparticles such as carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) with different structures, sizes, and surface areas were produced and analyzed. The most significant contribution of this study is to evaluate and compare these nanomaterials based on the effects of their structures and morphologies on their electrochemical, biomedical, and thermal properties. Based on the obtained results, the natural nanomaterials with low dimension and surface area have zero cytotoxicity effects on the living cells at 12.5 and 3.125 μg/ml concentrations of NFC and CNC, respectively. Meanwhile, synthetic nanomaterials with the high surface area around 15.3-21.1 m2/g and significant thermal stability (480 °C-600 °C) enhance the output of electrode by creating a higher surface area and decreasing the current flow resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Ghaemi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mahnaz M. Abdi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7134851154 Iran
| | | | - Maryam Abbasian
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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41
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Kunnan Singh JS, Ching YC, Abdullah LC, Ching KY, Razali S, Gan SN. Optimization of Mechanical Properties for Polyoxymethylene/Glass Fiber/Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites Using Response Surface Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E338. [PMID: 30966373 PMCID: PMC6414925 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micro-particles on mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene (POM) composites. Since PTFE is immiscible with most polymers, the surface was etched using sodium naphthalene salt in tetrahydrofuran to increase its surface energy. The effects of two variables, namely PTFE content and PTFE etch time, on the mechanical properties of the composite were studied. Experiments were designed in accordance to response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). Samples were prepared with different compositions of PTFE (1.7, 4.0, 9.5, 15.0, or 17.3 wt %) at different PTFE etch times (2.9, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 17.1 min). Four mechanical properties of the POM/GF/PTFE composites, that is, strength, stiffness, toughness, and hardness, were characterized as a function of two studied variables. The dependency of these mechanical properties on the PTFE etch conditions was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Overall desirability, D global index, was computed based on the combination of these mechanical properties for POM/GF/PTFE composites. The D global index was found to be 87.5%, when PTFE content and PTFE etch time were 6.5% and 10 min, respectively. Good correlation between experimental and RSM models was obtained using normal probability plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh Kunnan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Yong Ching
- School of Foundation, University of Reading Malaysia, Persiaran Graduan, Kota Ilmu, Educity, Iskandar Puteri Johor 79200, Malaysia.
| | - Shaifulazuar Razali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Seng Neon Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Ali A, Chong CH, Mah SH, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY, Chua BL. Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Predominant Phenolic Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Dried Piper betle Extracts. Molecules 2018; 23:E484. [PMID: 29473847 PMCID: PMC6017861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic constituents in Piper betle are well known for their antioxidant potential; however, current literature has very little information on their stability under the influence of storage factors. Present study evaluated the stability of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity together with individual phenolic constituents (hydroxychavicol, eugenol, isoeugenol and allylpyrocatechol 3,4-diacetate) present in dried Piper betle's extract under different storage temperature of 5 and 25 °C with and without light for a period of six months. Both light and temperature significantly influenced TPC and its corresponding antioxidant activity over time. More than 95% TPC and antioxidant activity was retained at 5 °C in dark condition after 180 days of storage. Hydroxychavicol demonstrated the best stability with no degradation while eugenol and isoeugenol displayed moderate stability in low temperature (5 °C) and dark conditions. 4-allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene was the only compound that underwent complete degradation. A new compound, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, was detected after five weeks of storage only in the extracts exposed to light. Both zero-order and first-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the degradation kinetics of the extract's antioxidant activity. Zero-order displayed better fit with higher correlation coefficients (R² = 0.9046) and the half-life was determined as 62 days for the optimised storage conditions (5 °C in dark conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Ali
- School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Chien Hwa Chong
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Malaysia Campus, No 1 Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia.
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Bee Lin Chua
- School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
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Choong TSY, Yeoh CM, Phuah ET, Siew WL, Lee YY, Tang TK, Chuah Abdullah L. Kinetic study of lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of palm olein using Lipozyme TLIM in solvent-free system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192375. [PMID: 29401481 PMCID: PMC5798838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) and monoacylglycerol (MAG) are two natural occurring minor components found in most edible fats and oils. These compounds have gained increasing market demand owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Enzymatic glycerolysis in solvent-free system might be a promising approach in producing DAG and MAG-enriched oil. Understanding on glycerolysis mechanism is therefore of great importance for process simulation and optimization. In this study, a commercial immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) was used to catalyze the glycerolysis reaction. The kinetics of enzymatic glycerolysis reaction between triacylglycerol (TAG) and glycerol (G) were modeled using rate equation with unsteady-state assumption. Ternary complex, ping-pong bi-bi and complex ping-pong bi-bi models were proposed and compared in this study. The reaction rate constants were determined using non-linear regression and sum of square errors (SSE) were minimized. Present work revealed satisfactory agreement between experimental data and the result generated by complex ping-pong bi-bi model as compared to other models. The proposed kinetic model would facilitate understanding on enzymatic glycerolysis for DAG and MAG production and design optimization of a pilot-scale reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Shean Yaw Choong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- INTROP, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiou Moi Yeoh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Tong Phuah
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Lin Siew
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck-Kim Tang
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tham TC, Ng MX, Gan SH, Chua LS, Aziz R, Abdullah LC, Ong SP, Chin NL, Law CL. Impacts of different drying strategies on drying characteristics, the retention of bio-active ingredient and colour changes of dried Roselle. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Othman N, Masarudin MJ, Kuen CY, Dasuan NA, Abdullah LC, Md Jamil SNA. Dual compound loaded chitosan nanoparticles: synthesis and optimization. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Lee SY, Abdullah LC, Abdul Rahman R, Abas F, Chong GH. Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SEDS) Co-precipitation as a Propitious Strategy for “Bottom-up” Andrographis paniculata Powder Production with Improved Dissolution. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Mhd Haniffa MAC, Ching YC, Chuah CH, Yong Ching K, Nazri N, Abdullah LC, Nai-Shang L. Effect of TEMPO-oxidization and rapid cooling on thermo-structural properties of nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Subri NNS, Cormack PAG, Md. Jamil SNA, Abdullah LC, Daik R. Synthesis of poly(acrylonitrile-co-divinylbenzene-co-vinylbenzyl chloride)-derived hypercrosslinked polymer microspheres and a preliminary evaluation of their potential for the solid-phase capture of pharmaceuticals. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nida Syamimi Subri
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang; Selangor D.E. Malaysia
| | - Peter A. G. Cormack
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building; 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland U.K
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang; Selangor D.E. Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang; Selangor D.E. Malaysia
| | - Rusli Daik
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology; Faculty of Science and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi; Selangor D.E. Malaysia
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Rashidi S, W. R, Abdullah LC, M. K, Ahmadun FR, M.Y. F. Thermal Stability and Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube Nanofluid using Xanthan Gum as Surfactant. SAINS MALAYS 2017. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4607-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Udenni Gunathilake TMS, Ching YC, Ching KY, Chuah CH, Abdullah LC. Biomedical and Microbiological Applications of Bio-Based Porous Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E160. [PMID: 30970839 PMCID: PMC6431923 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive employment of biomaterials in the areas of biomedical and microbiological applications is considered to be of prime importance. As expected, oil based polymer materials were gradually replaced by natural or synthetic biopolymers due to their well-known intrinsic characteristics such as biodegradability, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. Literature on this subject was found to be expanding, especially in the areas of biomedical and microbiological applications. Introduction of porosity into a biomaterial broadens the scope of applications. In addition, increased porosity can have a beneficial effect for the applications which exploit their exceptional ability of loading, retaining and releasing of fluids. Different applications require a unique set of pore characteristics in the biopolymer matrix. Various pore morphologies have different characteristics and contribute different performances to the biopolymer matrix. Fabrication methods for bio-based porous materials more related to the choice of material. By choosing the appropriate combination of fabrication technique and biomaterial employment, one can obtain tunable pore characteristic to fulfill the requirements of desired application. In our previous review, we described the literature related to biopolymers and fabrication techniques of porous materials. This paper we will focus on the biomedical and microbiological applications of bio-based porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M S Udenni Gunathilake
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Yong Ching
- University of Reading Malaysia, Persiaran Graduan, Kota Ilmu, Educity, Iskandar Puteri Johor 79200, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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