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Wang P, Liu X, You Y, Wang M, Huang Y, Li Y, Li K, Yang Y, Feng W, Liu Q, Chen J, Yang X. Fabrication of High-Performance Colorimetric Membrane by Incorporation of Polydiacetylene into Polyarylene Ether Nitriles Electrospinning Nanofibrous Membranes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4379. [PMID: 36558232 PMCID: PMC9785282 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) is a novel high-performance engineering plastic with various applications, particularly in thermoresistance-required fields. In this study, a well-known stimuli-response polydiacetylene monomer, 10, 12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), was encapsulated within electrospun PEN nanofibers to fabricate a colorimetric membrane with satisfactory thermal and corrosion resistance. To optimize the compatibility with PCDA, two PENswith distinct molecular chains were utilized: PEN−PPL and PEN−BPA. The chemical structure and elemental mapping analysis revealed that the PCDA component was successfully incorporated into the PEN fibrous. The PCDA bound significantly better to the PEN−PPL than to the PEN−BPA; due to the carboxyl groups present on the side chains of PEN−PPL, the surface was smooth and the color changed uniformly as the temperature rose. However, owing to its poor compatibility with PEN−BPA, the PCDA formed agglomerations on the fibers. The thermal analysis demonstrated that the membranes obtained after PCDA compounding maintained their excellent heat resistance. The 5% weight loss temperatures of composite nanofibrous membranes manufactured by PEN−PPL and PEN−BPA were 402 °C and 506 °C, respectively, and their glass transition temperatures were 219 °C and 169 °C, respectively, indicating that the blended membranes can withstand high temperatures. The evaluation of application performance revealed that the composite membranes exhibited good dimensional stability upon high thermal and corrosive situations. Specifically, the PEN−P−PCDA did not shrink at 170 °C. Both composite membranes were dimensionally stable when exposed to the alkali aqueous solution. However, PEN−P−PCDA is more sensitive to OH−, exhibiting color transition at pH > 8, whereas PEN−B−PCDA exhibited color transition at high OH− concentrations (pH ≥ 13), with enhanced alkali resistance stability owing to its nanofibrous architecture. This exploratory study reveals the feasibility of PEN nanofibers functionalized using PCDA as a desirable stimulus-response sensor even in high-temperature and corrosive harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xidi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong You
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- Research Branch of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Kui Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiancheng Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xulin Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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2
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Bhattacharjee A, Sabino RM, Gangwish J, Manivasagam VK, James S, Popat KC, Reynolds M, Li YV. A novel colorimetric biosensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 by utilizing the interaction between nucleocapsid antibody and spike proteins. IN VITRO MODELS 2022; 1:241-247. [PMID: 37519331 PMCID: PMC9156827 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic coronavirus that causes severe respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans and is responsible for millions of deaths around the world since early 2020. The virus affects the human respiratory cells through its spike (S) proteins located at the outer shell. To monitor the rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and to reduce the deaths from the COVID-19, early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost necessity. This report describes a flexible colorimetric biosensor capable of detecting the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. The colorimetric biosensor is made of polyurethane (PU)-polydiacetylene (PDA) nanofiber composite that was chemically functionalized to create a binding site for the receptor molecule-nucleocapsid antibody (anti-N) protein of SARS-CoV-2. After the anti-N protein conjugation to the functionalized PDA fibers, the PU-PDA-NHS-anti fiber was able to detect the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 at room temperature via a colorimetric transition from blue to red. The PU-PDA nanofiber-based biosensors are flexible and lightweight and do not require a power supply such as a battery when the colorimetric detection to S protein occurs, suggesting a sensing platform of wearable devices and personal protective equipment such as face masks and medical gowns for real-time monitoring of virus contraction and contamination. The wearable biosensors could significantly power mass surveillance technologies to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44164-022-00022-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta M. Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Justin Gangwish
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | | | - Susan James
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Melissa Reynolds
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Yan Vivian Li
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
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3
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Jang S, Son SU, Kang B, Kim J, Lim J, Seo S, Kang T, Jung J, Lee KS, Kim H, Lim EK. Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane-Based Colorimetric Device for Rapid and Simple Screening of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Drinks. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3535-3542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Jang
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Seong Uk Son
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Byunghoon Kang
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Junseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Lim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Seungbeom Seo
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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4
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Investigating the Characteristics and Responses of Diacetylene Based Materials as Spray-On Colorimetric Sensors. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Noorinezhad E, Merati AA, Moazeni N. Enhancement of chromic-piezoelectric sensitivity responses of polyvinylidene fluoride/polydiacetylene nanofibers using graphene oxide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Alam AKMM, Jenks D, Kraus GA, Xiang C. Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Functionalized Polydiacetylene Containing Cellulose Nanofibrous Composites for Colorimetric Sensing of Organophosphate Compounds. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081869. [PMID: 34443700 PMCID: PMC8399134 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) compounds, a family of highly hazardous chemical compounds included in nerve agents and pesticides, have been linked to more than 250,000 annual deaths connected to various chronic diseases. However, a solid-state sensing system that is able to be integrated into a clothing system is rare in the literature. This study aims to develop a nanofiber-based solid-state polymeric material as a soft sensor to detect OP compounds present in the environment. Esters of polydiacetylene were synthesized and incorporated into a cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibrous assembly developed with an electrospinning technique, which was then hydrolyzed to generate more hydroxyl groups for OP binding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Instron® tensile tester, contact angle analyzer, and UV–Vis spectroscopy were employed for characterizations. Upon hydrolysis, polydiacetylene esters in the cellulosic fiber matrix were found unaffected by hydrolysis treatment, which made the composites suitable for OP sensing. Furthermore, the nanofibrous (NF) composites exhibited tensile properties suitable to be used as a textile material. Finally, the NF composites exhibited colorimetric sensing of OP, which is visible to the naked eye. This research is a landmark study toward the development of OP sensing in a protective clothing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Mashud Alam
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; or
| | - Donovan Jenks
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.J.); (G.A.K.)
| | - George A. Kraus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.J.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Chunhui Xiang
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(515)294-7515
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7
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Mosselhy DA, Assad M, Sironen T, Elbahri M. Nanotheranostics: A Possible Solution for Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their Biofilms? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E82. [PMID: 33401760 PMCID: PMC7824312 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen that colonizes implants (orthopedic and breast implants) and wounds with a vicious resistance to antibiotic therapy. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a catastrophe mainly restricted to hospitals and emerged to community reservoirs, acquiring resistance and forming biofilms. Treating biofilms is problematic except via implant removal or wound debridement. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanofibers could combat superbugs and biofilms and rapidly diagnose MRSA. Nanotheranostics combine diagnostics and therapeutics into a single agent. This comprehensive review is interpretative, utilizing mainly recent literature (since 2016) besides the older remarkable studies sourced via Google Scholar and PubMed. We unravel the molecular S. aureus resistance and complex biofilm. The diagnostic properties and detailed antibacterial and antibiofilm NP mechanisms are elucidated in exciting stories. We highlight the challenges of bacterial infections nanotheranostics. Finally, we discuss the literature and provide "three action appraisals". (i) The first appraisal consists of preventive actions (two wings), avoiding unnecessary hospital visits, hand hygiene, and legislations against over-the-counter antibiotics as the general preventive wing. Our second recommended preventive wing includes preventing the adverse side effects of the NPs from resistance and toxicity by establishing standard testing procedures. These standard procedures should provide breakpoints of bacteria's susceptibility to NPs and a thorough toxicological examination of every single batch of synthesized NPs. (ii) The second appraisal includes theranostic actions, using nanotheranostics to diagnose and treat MRSA, such as what we call "multifunctional theranostic nanofibers. (iii) The third action appraisal consists of collaborative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Mosselhy
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mhd Assad
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Giza 12588, Egypt
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8
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Alam AKMM, Ewaldz E, Xiang C, Qu W, Bai X. Tunable Wettability of Biodegradable Multilayer Sandwich-Structured Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092092. [PMID: 32942521 PMCID: PMC7569968 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to develop multilayer sandwich-structured electrospun nanofiber (ENF) membranes using biodegradable polymers. Hydrophilic regenerated cellulose (RC) and hydrophobic poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based novel multilayer sandwich-structures were created by electrospinning on various copper collectors, including copper foil and 30-mesh copper gauzes, to modify the surface roughness for tunable wettability. Different collectors yielded various sizes and morphologies of the fabricated ENFs with different levels of surface roughness. Bead-free thicker fibers were collected on foil collectors. The surface roughness of the fine fibers collected on mesh collectors contributed to an increase in hydrophobicity. An RC-based triple-layered structure showed a contact angle of 48.2°, which is comparable to the contact angle of the single-layer cellulosic fabrics (47.0°). The polar shift of RC membranes on the wetting envelope is indicative of the possibility of tuning the wetting behavior by creating multilayer structures. Wettability can be tuned by creating multilayer sandwich structures consisting of RC and PLA. This study provides an important insight into the manipulation of the wetting behavior of polymeric ENFs in multilayer structures for applications including chemical protective clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Mashud Alam
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Elena Ewaldz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Chunhui Xiang
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-7515
| | - Wangda Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (W.Q.); (X.B.)
| | - Xianglan Bai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (W.Q.); (X.B.)
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9
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Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of polydiacetylene composite biosensors. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Mapazi O, Matabola KP, Moutloali RM, Ngila CJ. High temperature thermochromic polydiacetylene supported on polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Moazeni N, Merati AA, Latifi M, Sadrjahani M, Rouhani S. Fabrication and characterization of polydiacetylene supramolecules in electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers with dual colorimetric and piezoelectric responses. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Moazeni N, Latifi M, Merati AA, Rouhani S. Crystal polymorphism in polydiacetylene-embedded electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8178-8187. [PMID: 29072768 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polydiacetylene (PDA) is embedded in electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers for the preparation of mats with dual colorimetric and piezoelectric responses. The diacetylene monomers are self-assembled during the electrospinning process. The PDA-embedded PVDF nanofibers in the blue phase are obtained via photo-polymerization upon UV-light irradiation. The colorimetric transition of the nanofibers is studied as a function of temperature using a spectrophotometer. The morphology and crystal polymorphism of the nanofibers are investigated. The results show that the addition of PDA increases the diameter of the nanofibers due to the increase in the electrospinning solution viscosity. The results of Fourier transform infrared and wide angle X-ray diffraction demonstrate that PDA has the effect of inhibiting the growth of non-polar α-phase crystals, while promoting the growth of the polar β-phase. However, the red phase of PDA-embedded PVDF exhibits a lower intensity of the β-phase in comparison to that of the blue phase. In fact, the blue-to-red color transition of the PDA-embedded electrospun PVDF nanofibers is accompanied by the variation of piezoelectric signaling caused by variations in the β-phase. This phenomenon creates great potential in commercial detection sensors in addition to their colorimetric detection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Moazeni
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Research and Excellence Centers, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Yapor J, Alharby A, Gentry-Weeks C, Reynolds MM, Alam AKMM, Li YV. Polydiacetylene Nanofiber Composites as a Colorimetric Sensor Responding To Escherichia coli and pH. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7334-7342. [PMID: 30023547 PMCID: PMC6045378 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are conjugative polymers that demonstrate color changes as a response to an external stimulus. In this study, 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) was mixed with a supporting polymer including poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polyurethane (PU), and the mixture solution was electrospun to construct fiber composites. The electrospun fibers were then photopolymerized using UV irradiation to produce PEO-PDA and PU-PDA nanofiber mats with a fiber diameter ranging from 130 nm to 2.5 μm. The morphologies of both PEO-PDA and PU-PDA nanofibers were dependent on electrospinning parameters such as the ratio of PCDA to PEO or PCDA to PU and the total polymer concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed beaded fibers of PEO-PDA and PU-PDA at 2 and 18 w/v % concentrations, respectively. Smooth fibers were found when the solvent concentration was increased to 3.75 w/v % in PEO-PDA and 25 w/v % in PU-PDA fibers. Both PEO-PDA and PU-PDA nanofiber composites demonstrated excellent colorimetric responses to the presence of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 bacterial cells and the changes in pH as external stimuli. The nanofibers underwent a rapid colorimetric response when exposed directly to E. coli ATCC25922 grown on Luria-Bertani agar. The comparison between the PEO-PDA and PU-PDA suggested that the combination of PEO and PDA is favorable because it provides a sensitive response to the presence of E. coli. The results were compared with samples of a PDA polymer in the absence of a matrix polymer. The colorimetric response was similar when the PDA polymer and the PDA nanofiber composites were exposed to pH changes, and the color change was found to occur at pH 10 and enhanced at pH 11-13. The PDA-containing nanofiber composites showed stronger colorimetric responses than those of the PDA polymer only, suggesting their potential as biosensors and chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
P. Yapor
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Design and Merchandising, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Abeer Alharby
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Design and Merchandising, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Claudia Gentry-Weeks
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Design and Merchandising, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Melissa M. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Design and Merchandising, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - A. K. M. Mashud Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Design and Merchandising, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yan Vivian Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Design and Merchandising, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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