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Henry JQ, Lyons DC. Molluscan models: Crepidula fornicata. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 39:138-148. [PMID: 27526387 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastropod snails in the genus Crepidula have emerged as model systems for studying a metazoan super clade, the Spiralia. Recent work on one species in particular, Crepidula fornicata, has produced high-resolution cell lineage fate maps, details of morphogenetic events during gastrulation, key insights into the molecular underpinnings of early development, and the first demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the Spiralia. Furthermore, invasive species of Crepidula are a significant ecological threat, while one of these, C. fornicata, is also being harvested for food. This review highlights progress towards developing these animals as models for evolutionary, developmental, and ecological studies. Such studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of biology in a major clade of bilaterians. This information may also help us to control and cultivate these snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Henry
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Deirdre C Lyons
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Dagorn F, Couzinet-Mossion A, Kendel M, Beninger PG, Rabesaotra V, Barnathan G, Wielgosz-Collin G. Exploitable Lipids and Fatty Acids in the Invasive Oyster Crassostrea gigas on the French Atlantic Coast. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14060104. [PMID: 27231919 PMCID: PMC4926063 DOI: 10.3390/md14060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic exploitation is one means to offset the cost of controlling invasive species, such as the introduced Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) on the French Atlantic coast. Total lipid and phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FAs) and sterols were examined in an invasive population of C. gigas in Bourgneuf Bay, France, over four successive seasons, with a view to identify possible sources of exploitable substances. The total lipid level (% dry weight) varied from 7.1% (winter) to 8.6% (spring). Of this, PLs accounted for 28.1% (spring) to 50.4% (winter). Phosphatidylcholine was the dominant PL throughout the year (up to 74% of total PLs in winter). Plasmalogens were identified throughout the year as a series of eleven dimethylacetals (DMAs) with chain lengths between C16 and C20 (up to 14.5% of PL FAs + DMAs in winter). Thirty-seven FAs were identified in the PL FAs. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3 EPA/7.53% to 14.5%) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3 DHA/5.51% to 9.5%) were the dominant polyunsaturated FAs in all seasons. Two non-methylene-interrupted dienoic (NMID) FAs were identified in all seasons: 7,13-docosadienoic and 7,15-docosadienoic acids, the latter being present at relatively high levels (up to 9.6% in winter). Twenty free sterols were identified, including cholesterol at 29.9% of the sterol mixture and about 33% of phytosterols. C. gigas tissues thus contained exploitable lipids for health benefits or as a potential source of high-quality commercial lecithin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Dagorn
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Aurélie Couzinet-Mossion
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Melha Kendel
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Peter G Beninger
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR34473 CNRS, 2 rue de La Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Vony Rabesaotra
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Gilles Barnathan
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes, Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
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