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Fernando IPS, Fernando PWP, Kim T, Ahn G. Structural diversity, biosynthesis, and health-promoting properties of brown algal meroditerpenoids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 42:1238-1259. [PMID: 34875939 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine algae that constitute hundreds of millions of tons of biomass are the oldest representatives of the plant kingdom. Recently, there has been growing interest in the utilization of algae as sustainable feedstocks for natural products with an economic value. Among these natural products are the meroditerpenoids, which are renowned for their protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Meroditerpenoids have a mixed biosynthetic origin and display a wide range of structural diversity. Their basic structure consists of a ring system bearing a diterpenoid side chain. Structural variations are observed in terms of the functional groups and saturation/cyclization of the diterpenoid side chain. This review classifies algal meroditerpenoids as plastoquinones, chromanols, chromenes, chromones, cyclic meroditerpenoids, nahocols, and isonahocols and examines their potential applications in functional foods and biopharmacology. Their lipid solubility, low molecular weight, and propensity to cross the blood-brain barrier places meroditerpenoids as potential drug candidates. There is growing interest in the study of algal meroterpenoids, and recent research has reported the structure of several new meroterpenoids and their biological activities. Further research is needed to extend the use of algal meroditerpenoids in preclinical trials. Understanding the mechanism of their biosynthesis will allow the development of de novo biosynthesis and biomimetic synthesis strategies for the industrial-scale production of meroditerpenoids and their synthetic derivatives to aid pharmaceutical research. This review is the first to summarize up-to-date information on all brown algae-derived meroditerpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taeho Kim
- Division of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
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2
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Kanwal A, Bilal M, Rasool N, Zubair M, Shah SAA, Zakaria ZA. Total Synthesis of Terpenes and Their Biological Significance: A Critical Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1392. [PMID: 36422521 PMCID: PMC9699253 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are a group of natural products made up of molecules with the formula (C5H8)n that are typically found in plants. They are widely employed in the medicinal, flavor, and fragrance industries. The total synthesis of terpenes as well as their origin and biological potential are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Borneo Research on Algesia, Inflammation and Neurodegeneration (BRAIN) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sabah Universiti Malaysia, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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3
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Fuloria NK, Raheja RK, Shah KH, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Fuloria S. Biological activities of meroterpenoids isolated from different sources. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830103. [PMID: 36199687 PMCID: PMC9527340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are natural products synthesized by unicellular organisms such as bacteria and multicellular organisms such as fungi, plants, and animals, including those of marine origin. Structurally, these compounds exhibit a wide diversity depending upon the origin and the biosynthetic pathway they emerge from. This diversity in structural features imparts a wide spectrum of biological activity to meroterpenoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of origin, these compounds are either polyketide-terpenoids or non-polyketide terpenoids. The recent surge of interest in meroterpenoids has led to a systematic screening of these compounds for many biological actions. Different meroterpenoids have been recorded for a broad range of operations, such as anti-cholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitory, anti-leishmanial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-bacterial, antimalarial, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and insecticidal activity. Meroterpenoids also possess inhibitory activity against the expression of nitric oxide, TNF- α, and other inflammatory mediators. These compounds also show renal protective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. The present review includes literature from 1999 to date and discusses 590 biologically active meroterpenoids, of which 231 are from fungal sources, 212 are from various species of plants, and 147 are from marine sources such as algae and sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaushal H. Shah
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha J. Oza
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A. Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shivkanya Fuloria,
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Arrieche D, Carrasco H, Olea AF, Espinoza L, San-Martín A, Taborga L. Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Chilean Marine Algae: A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:337. [PMID: 35621988 PMCID: PMC9147571 DOI: 10.3390/md20050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile is in the extreme southwestern part of America, and it has an extreme length, of approximately 4300 km that increases to 8000 km considering the Chilean Antarctic Territory. Despite the large extent of its coastal territory and the diversity of geographic environments and climates associated with Chilean coasts, the research on marine resources in Chile has been rather scarce. From marine organisms found in Chilean coastal waters, algae have been the most studied, since they contain a wide range of interesting secondary metabolites that have some structural traits that make them unique and uncharacteristic. Thus, a wide structural variety of natural products including terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and meroterpenoids), furanones, and C15-acetogenins have been isolated and identified. This review describes the existing literature on bioprospecting and exploration of secondary metabolites from Chilean coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dioni Arrieche
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, CP, Chile; (D.A.); (L.E.)
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, CP, Chile; (H.C.); (A.F.O.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, CP, Chile; (H.C.); (A.F.O.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, CP, Chile; (D.A.); (L.E.)
| | - Aurelio San-Martín
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6200112, CP, Chile
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, CP, Chile; (D.A.); (L.E.)
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García PA, Hernández ÁP, San Feliciano A, Castro MÁ. Bioactive Prenyl- and Terpenyl-Quinones/Hydroquinones of Marine Origin †. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E292. [PMID: 30134616 PMCID: PMC6165040 DOI: 10.3390/md16090292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea is a rich source of biological active compounds, among which terpenyl-quinones/hydroquinones constitute a family of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological properties. The chemical diversity and bioactivity of those isolated from marine organisms in the last 10 years are summarized in this review. Aspects related to synthetic approaches towards the preparation of improved bioactive analogues from inactive terpenoids are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A García
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ángela P Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Arturo San Feliciano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Mª Ángeles Castro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, CIETUS/IBSAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Makkar F, Chakraborty K. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory oxygenated meroterpenoids from the thalli of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Birringer M, Siems K, Maxones A, Frank J, Lorkowski S. Natural 6-hydroxy-chromanols and -chromenols: structural diversity, biosynthetic pathways and health implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4803-4841. [PMID: 35539527 PMCID: PMC9078042 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive and systematic review on the structurally diverse toco-chromanols and -chromenols found in photosynthetic organisms, including marine organisms, and as metabolic intermediates in animals. The focus of this work is on the structural diversity of chromanols and chromenols that result from various side chain modifications. We describe more than 230 structures that derive from a 6-hydroxy-chromanol- and 6-hydroxy-chromenol core, respectively, and comprise di-, sesqui-, mono- and hemiterpenes. We assort the compounds into a structure-activity relationship with special emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities of the congeners. This review covers the literature published from 1970 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH Hermannswerder Haus 17 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Maxones
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim Garbenstr. 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
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Abstract
Covering: 2015. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2016, 33, 382-431This review covers the literature published in 2015 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1220 citations (792 for the period January to December 2015) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1340 in 429 papers for 2015), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Murray H G Munro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Gastroprotective activity of synthetic coumarins: Role of endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryls and vanilloid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5732-5735. [PMID: 27810240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural or synthetic coumarins showed gastroprotective and antiulcer activity in animal models. In this study, we have synthetized twenty coumarins using classic methods to evaluate their gastroprotective effects on the ethanol/HCl-induced gastric lesion model in mice at 20mg/kg. Among the coumarins synthetized, compounds 6 and 10 showed the greatest gastroprotective activity being as active as lansoprazole at 20mg/kg and reducing gastric lesions by 75 and 76%, respectively. Then, in a second experiment, compounds 6 and 10 were re-evaluated in order to understand the possible mode of gastroprotective activity. Regarding coumarin 6, the protective effect was reduced by pre-treatment of the mice with N-ethylmaleimide and l-NAME suggesting that sulfhydryl compounds and endogenous nitric oxide are involved in its gastroprotective activity. While for coumarin 10 the effect was reduced by pre-treatment with indomethacin suggesting that prostaglandins are positively involved in its gastroprotective activity.
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Qin XJ, Yan H, Ni W, Yu MY, Khan A, Liu H, Zhang HX, He L, Hao XJ, Di YT, Liu HY. Cytotoxic Meroterpenoids with Rare Skeletons from Psidium guajava Cultivated in Temperate Zone. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32748. [PMID: 27586698 PMCID: PMC5009466 DOI: 10.1038/srep32748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new meroterpenoids, guajavadials A-C (1-3), were isolated from Psidium guajava cultivated in temperate zone. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic evidence and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Guajavadial A (1) represents a novel skeleton of the 3,5-diformylbenzyl phloroglucinol-coupled monoterpenoid, while guajavadials B (2) and C (3) are new adducts of the 3,5-diformylbenzyl phloroglucinol and a sesquiterpene with different coupling models. The plausible biosynthetic pathways as well as antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of these meroterpenoids are also discussed. All these isolates exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines, with 3 being most effective with an IC50 value of 3.54 μM toward SMMC-7721 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Afsar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
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