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Huang Y, Xiong Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Gan C, Peng Z, Wang L, Cui J. Synthesis, characterization and application of emamectin-alkaline lignin conjugate with photolysis resistance and systemic translocation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124450. [PMID: 37060972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release formulations (CRFs) are a key technical approach for the sustainable development of pesticides. In this study, a CRF conjugate (emamectin-alkaline lignin, EB-AL) was successfully prepared using alkaline lignin as the substrate, with amide bond connecting emamectin and alkaline lignin. The structure and morphology of the conjugate were characterized using IR, 1HNMR, elemental analysis, SEM and TG. The release of EB-AL showed that the conjugate maintained its original structure when released in 50 % methanol-water and soil column, and the amide bond remained intact. The anti-photolysis test revealed that EB-AL had a 3.5 times higher photolysis half-life T0.5 than the general emamectin suspension concentrate (EB-SC). Bioactivity tests in the greenhouse demonstrated that EB-AL possessed a longer insecticidal duration and good biosafety. Ostrinia nubilalis lethality rate remained above 70 % for 19 days, while EB-EC, the control, had a rate of <50 % after 11 days of application. Additionally, EB-AL conjugate demonstrated excellent systemic translocation in plants, likely due to its ability to mediate alkaline lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qipeng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xiangying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zining Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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2
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Huang YM, Cheng Y, Peng ZN, Pang LP, Li JY, Xiao JA, Zhang YF, Cui JG. Synthesis and antitumor activity of some cholesterol-based selenocyanate compounds. Steroids 2023; 194:109217. [PMID: 36893827 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of selenium-containing functional groups into steroids to study the biological activities of related derivatives is rarely reported in the literature. In the present study, using cholesterol as raw material, four cholesterol-3-selenocyanoates and eight B-norcholesterol selenocyanate derivatives were synthesized, respectively. The structures of the compounds were characterized by NMR and MS. The results of the in vitro antiproliferative activity test showed that the cholesterol-3-selenocyanoate derivatives did not exhibit obvious inhibitory on the tested tumor cell lines. However, the B-norcholesterol selenocyanate derivatives obtained by structural modification of cholesterol showed good inhibitory activity against the proliferation of tumor cell. Among them, compounds 9b-c, 9f and 12 showed similar inhibitory activity against tested tumor cells as positive control 2-methoxyestradiol, and better than Abiraterone. At the same time, these B-norcholesterol selenocyanate derivatives displayed a strong selective inhibitory against Sk-Ov-3 cell line. Except for compound 9g, the IC50 value of all B-norcholesterol selenocyanate compounds against Sk-Ov-3 cells was less than 10 µM, and compound 9d was 3.4 µM. In addition, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to analyze the cell death mechanism. The results showed that compound 9c could induce Sk-Ov-3 cells to enter programmed apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the in vivo antitumor experiments of compound 9f against zebrafish xenograft tumor showed that 9f displayed obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of human cervical cancer (HeLa) xenograft tumor in zebrafish. Our results provide new thinking for the study of such compounds as new antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zi-Ning Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Jun-Yan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yuan-Fei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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3
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Hooda T, Sharma S, Goyal N. Synthesis, In Silico Designing, Microbiological Evaluation and Structure Activity Relationship of Novel Amide Derivatives of 1-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-2-(3-Methylbenzo[b]Thiophen-6-yl)-1H-Benzo[d]Imidazole-5-Carboxylic Acid. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1869793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Hooda
- Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GJUS&T, Hissar, Haryana, India
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4
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Miri MR, Zare A, Saberzadeh J, Baghban N, Nabipour I, Tamadon A. Anti-lung Cancer Marine Compounds: A Review. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:191-205. [PMID: 35025082 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in human beings. Lung cancer has been divided into two major types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Current drugs suffer from various side effects, and the insufficient efficacy of present treatments creates a desire for better more efficient new drugs. This review compares the diversity of marine-derived bioactive compounds from different marine species. Some of the natural products from marine resources are in different stages of clinical trials. By the way, most of them have been studied in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, in this review, the mechanisms of action of marine-derived anti-lung cancer components on lung cancer cell lines have been reviewed. In addition, considering growing rate and the high costs of cancer research, attention must be paid to some aspects of targeting and developing anti-lung cancer drug. In better words, like the other therapeutic strategies that have their particular challenges and weak points, several challenges about marine-derived anti-lung cancer components which exist for scientists for doing research are explained. Moreover, as the attentions in the field of cancer therapy are focused on designing and developing new anticancer strategies for the treatment of cancer in the future, the application of marine-derived anti-lung cancer components in the field of future cancer therapy and their role in future anticancer strategies are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Miri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Zare
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Jamileh Saberzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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5
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Huang X, Zhan J, Huang Y, Chen H, Liang Z, Gan C. Studies on the interaction between 3-biotinylate-6-benzimidazole B-nor-cholesterol analogs and ct-DNA. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00896c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction mechanism between 3-biotinylate-6-benzimidazole B-nor-cholesterol analogs and ct-DNA was studied under conditions similar to physiological. The interaction mechanism between ct-DNA and three different types of compounds was studied by spectroscopic...
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6
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Ren X, Xie X, Chen B, Liu L, Jiang C, Qian Q. Marine Natural Products: A Potential Source of Anti-hepatocellular Carcinoma Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7879-7899. [PMID: 34128674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high associated morbidity and mortality rates. Although chemical medication represents a primary HCC treatment strategy, low response rates and therapeutic resistance serve to reduce its efficacy. Hence, identifying novel effective drugs is urgently needed, and many researchers have sought to identify new anti-cancer drugs from marine organisms. The marine population is considered a "blue drug bank" of unique anti-cancer compounds with diverse groups of chemical structures. Here, we discuss marine-derived compounds, including PM060184 and bryostatin-1, with demonstrated anti-cancer activity in vitro or in vivo. Based on the marine source (sponges, algae, coral, bacteria, and fungi), we introduce pharmacological parameters, compound-induced cytotoxicity, effects on apoptosis and metastasis, and potential molecular mechanisms. Cumulatively, this review provides insights into anti-HCC research conducted to date in the field of marine natural products and marine-derived compounds, as well as the potential pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds and their status in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Ren
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baoxiang Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
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7
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Guerrero-Pepinosa NY, Cardona-Trujillo MC, Garzón-Castaño SC, Veloza LA, Sepúlveda-Arias JC. Antiproliferative activity of thiazole and oxazole derivatives: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111495. [PMID: 33765586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazole and oxazole are compounds with a heterocyclic nucleus that have attracted the attention of medicinal chemistry due to the great variety of biological activities that they enable. In recent years, their study has increased, finding a wide range of biological activities, including antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This systematic review provides evidence from the literature on the antiproliferative and antitumor activities of thiazole and oxazole and their derivatives from 2014 to April 2020. Three bibliographical databases were consulted (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), and a total of 32 studies were included in this paper based on our eligibility criteria. The analysis of the activity-structure relationship allows us to conclude that most of the promising compounds identified contained thiazole nuclei or derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Y Guerrero-Pepinosa
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - María C Cardona-Trujillo
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Sandra C Garzón-Castaño
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Luz Angela Veloza
- Grupo Polifenoles, Facultad de Tecnología, Escuela de Química, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Juan C Sepúlveda-Arias
- Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
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8
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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Cui J, Huang Y, Chen H, Wu Y, Huang X, Gan C. Apoptosis inducing properties of 3-biotinylate-6-benzimidazole B-nor-cholesterol analogues. Steroids 2021; 169:108822. [PMID: 33722574 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of Biotin-substituted B-nor-cholesteryl benzimidazole compounds were synthesized. The antiproliferativeactivities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro using a series of human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical cancer), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer), T-47D (thymus gland cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HEK293T (normal renal epithelial) cells. These compounds displayed distinct antiproliferative activities against the currently tested cancer cells. The apoptotic properties induced by compound 6d were further investigated. Our results showed that compound 6d could induce the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, blocking the cell growth in S-phase. Western blotting analyses revealed that compound 6d can induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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9
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Huang X, Wu Y, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chen H, Dai F, Liang F, Gan C. Studies on apoptosis induced by B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds in HeLa cells. Steroids 2021; 168:108802. [PMID: 33587927 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Certain B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds were found to mediate marked anti-tumor proliferative effects in vitro in our earlier study. Here, the mechanism of action of these anti-tumor effects was evaluated using HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Methods for detecting cell invasion and migration, Annexin V-PI double staining, cell cycle status, and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm were employed. These compounds were confirmed to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro. Compound 1 induced apoptosis in S phase, compound 2induced apoptosis in the G0/G1 phase and compound 3 induced late apoptosis in the G2/M phase. These compounds induced HeLa cell apoptosis through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm in a dose-dependent manner. B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds induced morphological changes in HeLa cells and inhibited proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Apoptosis was promoted by mechanisms involving p21 and p53 in this cervical cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qinzhou Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Feng Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Fengyan Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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10
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Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Soni J, Agarwal S. Urea nitrate–catalyzed
C‐N
and
C‐S
bond formation: A mechanochemical approach for
5‐chloro
‐2‐arylbenzo
[d]
thiazole derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Jay Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
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Gan C, Huang X, Wu Y, Zhan J, Zhang X, Liu Q, Huang Y. Untargeted metabolomics study and pro-apoptotic properties of B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105709. [PMID: 32535031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Our experimental data indicates that the tested compounds can induce apoptosis in SKOV3 cells, block S-phase growth, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot results showed that B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds (1 and 2) induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells via activation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Following SKOV3 cells treatment with compounds 1 and 2, the cell metabolism was assessed using the UHPLC-QE-MS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap- Mass Spectrometry) non-target metabolomics analysis method. The results showed 10 metabolic pathways that mediated the effects of compound 1, including arginine and proline metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; histidine metabolism; D-glutamine and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; cysteine and methionine metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; purine metabolism; Glutathione metabolism; D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism; and Nitrogen metabolism. From the perspective of metabolomics, compound 1 inhibits intracellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and slows down energy metabolism in SKOV3 cells. These changes result in the inhibition of proliferation and signal transduction, abrogate invasive and metastatic properties, and induce apoptosis, thus, exerting anti-tumor effects. Application of compound 2 altered activation of metabolic pathways in SKOV3 cells. The main metabolic pathways involved were glycerophospholipid metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; purine metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and ether lipid metabolism. The metabolic pathway with the greatest impact and the deepest enrichment was the glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, compound 2 inhibits proliferation of SKOV3 cells by interfering with glycerate metabolism, which plays a major role in regulation of cell membrane structure and function. Additionally, compound 2 can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of SKOV3 cells and induce apoptosis via interfering with the metabolism of arginine and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Junyan Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qinzhou Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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12
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Matulja D, Wittine K, Malatesti N, Laclef S, Turks M, Markovic MK, Ambrožić G, Marković D. Marine Natural Products with High Anticancer Activities. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1243-1307. [PMID: 31931690 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200113154115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent literature from 2012-2019 concerning 170 marine natural products and their semisynthetic analogues with strong anticancer biological activities. Reports that shed light on cellular and molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these compounds, thus advancing the understanding in cancer biology are also included. Biosynthetic studies and total syntheses, which have provided access to derivatives and have contributed to the proper structure or stereochemistry elucidation or revision are mentioned. The natural compounds isolated from marine organisms are divided into nine groups, namely: alkaloids, sterols and steroids, glycosides, terpenes and terpenoids, macrolides, polypeptides, quinones, phenols and polyphenols, and miscellaneous products. An emphasis is placed on several drugs originating from marine natural products that have already been marketed or are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Matulja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karlo Wittine
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sylvain Laclef
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Maris Turks
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Maria Kolympadi Markovic
- Department of Physics, and Center for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gabriela Ambrožić
- Department of Physics, and Center for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Gan C, Huang X, Zhan J, Liu X, Huang Y, Cui J. Study on the interactions between B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds with ct-DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117525. [PMID: 31703992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of molecule-DNA interaction is very important for designing an improved therapeutic agent. In previous studies, we synthesized some B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds, and the tests on cancer cells showed that these compounds had good in vitro anti-cancer activities. In order to further investigate mechanism of their actions, three different B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds were selected and interaction of these compounds with the calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was monitored by using various methods including UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, viscosity measurement, and circular dichroism (CD). The results proved a hypochromic effect accompanied with a slight red-shift due to the interaction of the molecules with ct-DNA. According to the UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra, the mentioned compounds were bound to DNA, preferentially through partial intercalation into the DNA helix. Moreover, the ethidium bromide (EB) and Hoechst 33258 competitive binding experiments were also used to confirm the interaction mode of the compounds with ct-DNA. In the Hoechst 33258 displacement experiment, no significant change in the fluorescence intensity was observed. Additional assays such as iodide quenching, viscosity, and CD spectroscopy further confirmed that intercalation should be the major binding mode of the selected compounds with DNA. The cytotoxicity of these three compounds was also evaluated by MTT method, and the results confirmed that binding ability of these compounds to DNA was consistent with their cytotoxicity behavior. The experimental results indicated a higher binding affinity for compound 3 compared to the other compounds. This research provided a better understanding on the molecular mechanism of the interaction between B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds and tumor cells, and offered a beneficial perspective to the designation of novel B-norsteroidal anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Junyan Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization, Beibuwan University, Qinzhou, 535099, PR China.
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Mefenamic acid based novel indole analogues: Their synthesis and anti-proliferative effects. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Cui J, Wei M, Pang L, Gan C, Xiao J, Shi H, Zhan J, Liu Z, Huang Y. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel steroid-benzisoselenazolone hybrids. Steroids 2019; 152:108502. [PMID: 31545961 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The two different types of steroidal benzisoselenazolone hybrids were synthesized by incorporating benzisoselenazolone scaffold into dehydroepiandrosterone and B-norcholesterol. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds against some carcinoma cell lines were investigated. The results showed that some of these compounds have better inhibitory activity than abiraterone on the proliferation of tumor cells associated with human growth hormone, and have less cytotoxicity on normal human cells. In particular, the IC50 values of the compound 8a and 8f are 5.4 and 6.5 µmol/L against human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) cell line, and possess SI values of 13.9 and 10.5, respectively. The information obtained from the studies may be useful for the design of novel chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization, Beibuwan University, China.
| | - Meizhen Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Liping Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Junan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Haixin Shi
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization, Beibuwan University, China
| | - Junyan Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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16
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Cui JG, Mo DM, Jiang Y, Gan CF, Li WG, Wu A, Li XY, Xiao JA, Hu Q, Yuan HY, Lu R, Huang YM. Fabrication, Characterization, and Insecticidal Activity Evaluation of Emamectin Benzoate–Sodium Lignosulfonate Nanoformulation with pH-Responsivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
- Guangxi Tianyuan Biochemical Company Limited, Nanning 530001, PR China
- Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization, Beibuwan University, Qinzhou 535000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Guangxi Tianyuan Biochemical Company Limited, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chun-Fang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- Guangxi Tianyuan Biochemical Company Limited, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Ao Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Rui Lu
- Guangxi Tianyuan Biochemical Company Limited, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yan-Min Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
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17
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Jastrzebska I, Mellea S, Salerno V, Grzes PA, Siergiejczyk L, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Bucki R, Monti B, Santi C. PhSeZnCl in the Synthesis of Steroidal β-Hydroxy-Phenylselenides Having Antibacterial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092121. [PMID: 31032813 PMCID: PMC6539910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the reaction of in situ prepared PhSeZnCl with steroid derivatives having an epoxide as an electrophilic functionalization. The corresponding ring-opening reaction resulted to be regio- and stereoselective affording to novel phenylselenium-substituted steroids. Assessment of their antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen 5 strain, indicates an interesting bactericidal activity and their ability to prevent bacterial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzebska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Stefano Mellea
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Valerio Salerno
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Pawel Adam Grzes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Leszek Siergiejczyk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bonifacio Monti
- Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry⁻Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry⁻Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Cui J, Pang L, Wei M, Gan C, Liu D, Yuan H, Huang Y. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 17-[1',2',3']-selenadiazolylpregnenolone compounds. Steroids 2018; 140:151-158. [PMID: 30296550 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using pregnenolone as a starting material, some 3-substituted 17-[1',2',3']-selenadiazolylpregnenolone derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by IR, NMR and HRMS. The in vitro antitumor activity of the compounds was assayed against PC-3、SKOV3、T47D、MCF-7 and HEK293T cell lines. The results show that some compounds display selective antiproliferative activity against PC-3 and SKOV3 cells lines and are almost inactive to normal kidney epithelial cells (HEK293T). The IC50 value are much better than that of abiraterone (positive control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Cui
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China; College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qizhou University, Qizhou, PR China
| | - Liping Pang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Meizhen Wei
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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19
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MgO NPs Catalyzed Eco‐friendly Reaction: A Highly Effective and Green Approach for the Multicomponent One‐pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines using 2‐Aminobenzothiazole. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Huang Y, Yang C, Zhan J, Gan C, Liu Z, Pang C, Chen H, Cui J. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel A-homo-B-norsteroid thiadiazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Huang Y, Zhao D, Liu C, Gan C, Zhan J, Lin Q, Shi H, Cui J. Rapid microwave assisted synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel steroidal thiazole derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Ajani OO, Aderohunmu DV, Ikpo CO, Adedapo AE, Olanrewaju IO. Functionalized Benzimidazole Scaffolds: Privileged Heterocycle for Drug Design in Therapeutic Medicine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:475-506. [PMID: 27213292 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives are crucial structural scaffolds found in diverse libraries of biologically active compounds which are therapeutically useful agents in drug discovery and medicinal research. They are structural isosteres of naturally occurring nucleotides, which allows them to interact with the biopolymers of living systems. Hence, there is a need to couple the latest information with the earlier documentations to understand the current status of the benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry research. This present work unveils the benzimidazole core as a multifunctional nucleus that serves as a resourceful tool of information for synthetic modifications of old existing candidates in order to tackle drug resistance bottlenecks in therapeutic medicine. This manuscript deals with the recent advances in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives, the widespread biological activities as well as pharmacokinetic reports. These present them as a toolbox for fighting infectious diseases and also make them excellent candidates for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka O Ajani
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola V Aderohunmu
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe O Ikpo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adebusayo E Adedapo
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, CST, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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