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Bian X, Wang L, Ma Y, Yu Y, Guo C, Gao W. A Flavonoid Concentrate from Moringa Oleifera Lam. Leaves Extends Exhaustive Swimming Time by Improving Energy Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity in Mice. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 39052664 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves contain various nutrients and bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to assess the anti-fatigue capacity of a flavonoids concentrate purified from M. oleifera Lam. leaves. The total flavonoids in the purified extract were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The mice were supplemented with purified M. oleifera Lam. leaf flavonoid-rich extract (MLFE) for 14 days. The weight-loaded forced swimming test was used for evaluating exercise endurance. The 90-min non-weight-bearing swimming test was carried out to assess biochemical biomarkers correlated to fatigue and energy metabolism. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified 83 flavonoids from MLFE. MLFE significantly increased the swimming time by 60%. Serum lactate (9.9 ± 0.9 vs. 8.9 ± 0.7), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (8.8 ± 0.8 vs. 7.2 ± 0.5), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) (2.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3) were significantly elevated; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucokinase (GCK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression were significantly downregulated; and heme oxygenase 1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in muscle after swimming. MLFE supplement significantly decreased serum lactate (8.0 ± 1.0 vs. 9.9 ± 0.9), BUN (8.6 ± 0.4 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8), and NEFA (2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2) and increased the protein and mRNA expression of GCK, PEPCK, and Nrf2. The enhancement of glucose metabolism and antioxidant function by MLFE contributes partly to its anti-fatigue action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Bian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijing Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Eom SH, Hong GL, Kang HB, Lee NS, Kim DK, Jeong YG, Kim CS, Yoo YC, Lee BH, Jung JY, Kim DS, Han SY. Neuroprotective Effects of Water Extract from Brown Algae Petalonia binghamiae in an Experimental Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8427-8443. [PMID: 37886974 PMCID: PMC10605114 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal cerebral ischemia (fCI) can result in brain injury and sensorimotor deficits. Brown algae are currently garnering scientific attention as potential therapeutic candidates for fCI. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the hot water extract of Petalonia binghamiae (wPB), a brown alga, in in vitro and in vivo models of fCI. The neuroprotective efficacy of wPB was evaluated in an in vitro excitotoxicity model established using HT-22 cells challenged with glutamate. Afterward, C57/BL6 mice were administered wPB for 7 days (10 or 100 mg/kg, intragastric) and subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) operation, which was used as an in vivo fCI model. wPB co-incubation significantly inhibited cell death, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, as well as stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant enzyme, and the nuclear translocation of its upstream regulator, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT-22 cells challenged with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Pretreatment with either dose of wPB significantly attenuated infarction volume, neuronal death, and sensorimotor deficits in an in vivo fCI model. Furthermore, the attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ischemic lesion accompanied the wPB-associated protection. This study suggests that wPB can counteract fCI via an antioxidative effect, upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ho Eom
- Healinnols Inc., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.H.E.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Geum-Lan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Hyun Bae Kang
- Healinnols Inc., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.H.E.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Young Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
| | - Chun-Sung Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Technology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Young Jung
- Department of Histology & Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61473, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea (N.-S.L.); (D.K.K.); (Y.G.J.)
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Protective Effects of Sauropus Androgynus Leaf Extract against Isoproterenol Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:579-591. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Duranti G, Maldini M, Crognale D, Horner K, Dimauro I, Sabatini S, Ceci R. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Expression and Ameliorates Redox Status in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165041. [PMID: 34443628 PMCID: PMC8400669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal plant with numerous health benefits. In skeletal muscle cells, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) acts by increasing the oxidative metabolism through the SIRT1-PPARα pathway. SIRT1, besides being a critical energy sensor, is involved in the activation related to redox homeostasis of transcription factors such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the capacity of MOLE to influence the redox status in C2C12 myotubes through the modulation of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione levels, Nrf2 and its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and transferase (GST). Moreover, the impact of MOLE supplementation on lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage (i.e., TBARS and protein carbonyls) was evaluated. Our results highlight for the first time that MOLE increased not only Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, but also improved glutathione redox homeostasis and the enzyme activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and GST. Therefore, it is intriguing to speculate that MOLE supplementation could represent a valuable nutrition for the health of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3673-3589; Fax: +39-06-3673-3479
| | | | - Domenico Crognale
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (D.C.); (K.H.)
| | - Katy Horner
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (D.C.); (K.H.)
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (R.C.)
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Nonaka S, Kawakami S, Maruki-Uchida H, Mori S, Morita M. Piceatannol markedly upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression and alleviates oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100643. [PMID: 31080897 PMCID: PMC6500920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol (PIC), a phytochemical, is abundant in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds. In this study, we investigated the effects of PIC on the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and compared its effects with those of PIC analogues and polyphenols. We also evaluated its effects on hydrogen peroxide–induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment with PIC led to dose-dependent upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) mRNA expression in C2C12 myotubes. PIC was the most potent inducer of Ho-1 among the PIC analogues and major polyphenols tested. In addition, treatment with PIC suppressed the hydrogen peroxide–induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Our results suggest that PIC protects skeletal muscles from oxidative stress by activating antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and SOD1 and can therefore help prevent oxidative stress–induced muscle dysfunction such as muscle fatigue and sarcopenia. PIC induced antioxidant enzymes in C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line. PIC was the most potent inducer of Ho-1 among other polyphenols tested. Induction potency of PIC for Sod1 was similar level with those of other polyphenols. PIC suppressed the hydrogen peroxide-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nonaka
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawakami
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroko Maruki-Uchida
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Sadao Mori
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Minoru Morita
- Research and Development Institute, Health Science Research Center, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8504, Japan
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Ren Y, Li Y, Yan J, Ma M, Zhou D, Xue Z, Zhang Z, Liu H, Yang H, Jia L, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Mu S, Zhang R, Da Y. Adiponectin modulates oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and protects C2C12 myoblasts against apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3209. [PMID: 28600493 PMCID: PMC5466641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), also known as apM1, Acrp30, GBP28 and adipoQ, is a circulating hormone that is predominantly produced by adipose tissue. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated that this protein possesses potent anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Although several studies have demonstrated the antioxidative activity of this protein, the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been defined in skeletal muscles. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of APN against damage induced by oxidative stress in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. APN attenuated H2O2-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular reactive oxygen species that were induced by H2O2. Furthermore, treating C2C12 cells with APN significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). APN also suppressed H2O2-induced mitophagy and partially inhibited the colocalization of mitochondria with autophagosomes/lysosomes, correlating with the expression of Pink1 and Parkin and mtDNA. Moreover, APN protected C2C12 myoblasts against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, APN significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax. These data suggest that APN has a moderate regulatory role in oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and suppresses apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the antioxidant potential of APN in oxidative stress-associated skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ren
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Animal husbandry and veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Science, Tianjin, 300381, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mingkun Ma
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongkun Liu
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huipeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Jia
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqin Mu
- Tianjin Institute of Animal husbandry and veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Science, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510000, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Ragy M, Ali F, Ramzy MM. Effect of Hemin on Brain Alterations and Neuroglobin Expression in Water Immersion Restraint Stressed Rats. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:7825396. [PMID: 27073715 PMCID: PMC4814697 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7825396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, the heme oxygenase (HO) system has been reported to be very active and its modulation seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Hemin as HO-1 inducer has been shown to attenuate neuronal injury so the goal of this study was to assess the effect of hemin therapy on the acute stress and how it would modulate neurological outcome. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: control group and stressed group with six-hour water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) and stressed group, treated with hemin, in which each rat received a single intraperitoneal injection of hemin at a dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight at 12 hours before exposure to WIRS. Stress hormones, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured and expressions of neuroglobin and S100B mRNA in brain tissue were assayed. Our results revealed that hemin significantly affects brain alterations induced by acute stress and this may be through increased expression of neuroglobin and through antioxidant effect. Hemin decreased blood-brain barrier damage as it significantly decreased the expression of S100B. These results suggest that hemin may be an effective therapy for being neuroprotective against acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merhan Ragy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Fatma Ali
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Maggie M. Ramzy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
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Yang H, Zhao P, Tian S. Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNFα-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKKβ/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9128050. [PMID: 26824050 PMCID: PMC4707324 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9128050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel (INN), an oral antiplatelet drug, has been revealed to have a number of biological properties, for instance, anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Oxidative stress plays an imperative role in inflammation, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In the present study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were employed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of INN. INN reduced TNFα-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and time-dependently prompted the expression and activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were augmented by INN. shHO-1 blocked the INN suppression of TNFα-induced HL-60 cell adhesion. The CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway and Nrf2 transcriptional factor were implicated in the induction of HO-1 by INN. Additionally, TNFα dramatically augmented VCAM-1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. INN treatment strikingly repressed TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and shNrf2 abolished TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Our data suggest that INN diminishes TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression at least in part via HO-1 induction, which is CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Medicine and Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiliu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- *Shiliu Tian:
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