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Ge MX, Chen RP, Zhang L, Wang YM, Chi CF, Wang B. Novel Ca-Chelating Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Antarctic Krill ( Euphausia superba): Preparation, Characterization, and Calcium Absorption Efficiency in Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:579. [PMID: 37999403 PMCID: PMC10672039 DOI: 10.3390/md21110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is the world's largest resource of animal proteins and is thought to be a high-quality resource for future marine healthy foods and functional products. Therefore, Antarctic krill was degreased and separately hydrolyzed using flavourzyme, pepsin, papain, and alcalase. Protein hydrolysate (AKH) of Antarctic krill prepared by trypsin showed the highest Ca-chelating rate under the optimized chelating conditions: a pH of 8.0, reaction time of 50 min, temperature of 50 °C, and material/calcium ratio of 1:15. Subsequently, fourteen Ca-chelating peptides were isolated from APK by ultrafiltration and a series of chromatographic methods and identified as AK, EAR, AEA, VERG, VAS, GPK, SP, GPKG, APRGH, GVPG, LEPGP, LEKGA, FPPGR, and GEPG with molecular weights of 217.27, 374.40, 289.29, 459.50, 275.30, 300.36, 202.21, 357.41, 536.59, 328.37, 511.58, 516.60, 572.66, and 358.35 Da, respectively. Among fourteen Ca-chelating peptides, VERG presented the highest Ca-chelating ability. Ultraviolet spectrum (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that the VERG-Ca chelate had a dense granular structure because the N-H, C=O and -COOH groups of VERG combined with Ca2+. Moreover, the VERG-Ca chelate is stable in gastrointestinal digestion and can significantly improve Ca transport in Caco-2 cell monolayer experiments, but phytate could significantly reduce the absorption of Ca derived from the VERG-Ca chelate. Therefore, Ca-chelating peptides from protein hydrolysate of Antarctic krill possess the potential to serve as a Ca supplement in developing healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xue Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (M.-X.G.); (R.-P.C.)
| | - Ru-Ping Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (M.-X.G.); (R.-P.C.)
| | - Lun Zhang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (M.-X.G.); (R.-P.C.)
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (M.-X.G.); (R.-P.C.)
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2
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Shou Y, Feng C, Lu Q, Mao X, Huang H, Su Z, Guo H, Huang Z. Research progress on the chemical components and biological activities of sea cucumber polypeptides. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1290175. [PMID: 37908979 PMCID: PMC10613643 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their unique physical and chemical properties and remarkable biological activities, marine biological resources are emerging as important sources of raw materials for producing health products, food, and cosmetics. Collagen accounts for approximately 70% of the sea cucumber body wall, and its hydrolysis produces small-molecule collagen polypeptides with diverse biological functions, such as anticancer, antihypertensive, immune-enhancing, memory-enhancing, and cartilage tissue repairing effects. Notably, the potential of sea cucumber polypeptides in combination with anticancer therapy has garnered considerable attention. Determining the composition and structure of sea cucumber polypeptides and exploring their structure-activity relationships will aid in obtaining an in-depth understanding of their diverse biological activities and provide scientific insights for the development and utilization of these polypeptides. Therefore, this review focuses on the amino acid structures and activities of sea cucumber polypeptides of varying molecular weights. This study also provides an overview of the biological activities of various sea cucumber polypeptides and aims to establish a scientific basis for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Shou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education and Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinpei Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huisha Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education and Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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3
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Cutting Edge Aquatic-Based Collagens in Tissue Engineering. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020087. [PMID: 36827128 PMCID: PMC9959471 DOI: 10.3390/md21020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic-based collagens have attracted much interest due to their great potential application for biomedical sectors, including the tissue engineering sector, as a major component of the extracellular matrix in humans. Their physical and biochemical characteristics offer advantages over mammalian-based collagen; for example, they have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, are easy to extract, and pose a relatively low immunological risk to mammalian products. The utilization of aquatic-based collagen also has fewer religious restrictions and lower production costs. Aquatic-based collagen also creates high-added value and good environmental sustainability by aquatic waste utilization. Thus, this study aims to overview aquatic collagen's characteristics, extraction, and fabrication. It also highlights its potential application for tissue engineering and the regeneration of bone, cartilage, dental, skin, and vascular tissue. Moreover, this review highlights the recent research in aquatic collagen, future prospects, and challenges for it as an alternative biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines.
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Dewi AS, Arumia M, Samodro DA, Fajarningsih ND, Patantis G, Nursid M, Batubara I, Fawzya YN. Characterization and Bioactivities of Sequentially-Prepared Sea Cucumber Ethanolic Extracts and Protein Hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2163862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariyanti S. Dewi
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Agency for Research and Innovation, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Mei Arumia
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of JenderalSoedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Dohan A. Samodro
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of JenderalSoedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Nurrahmi D. Fajarningsih
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Agency for Research and Innovation, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Gintung Patantis
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Agency for Research and Innovation, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nursid
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Agency for Research and Innovation, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Irmanida Batubara
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Centre, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yusro N. Fawzya
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
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Yaji ELA, Wahab SA, Len KYT, Sabri MZ, Razali N, Dos Mohamed AM, Wong FWF, Talib NA, Hashim NH, Pa’ee KF. Alternative biomanufacturing of bioactive peptides derived from halal food sources. INNOVATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS IN HALAL SUPPLY CHAIN WORLDWIDE 2023:99-113. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91662-2.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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6
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Xia Y, Wang C, Yu D, Hou H. Methods of simultaneous preparation of various active substances from Stichopus chloronotus and functional evaluation of active substances. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dejun Yu
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Man J, Abd El‐Aty AM, Wang Z, Tan M. Recent advances in sea cucumber peptide: Production, bioactive properties, and prospects. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Man
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
| | - A. M. Abd El‐Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Zuzhe Wang
- Dalian Blue Peptide Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd. Liaoning China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Liaoning China
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He S, Zhao W, Chen X, Li J, Zhang L, Jin H. Ameliorative Effects of Peptide Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro on Acute Liver and Kidney Injury Caused by CCl 4 via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44796-44803. [PMID: 36530242 PMCID: PMC9753214 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are significantly affected by the antioxidant status. In the present study, the protective effect and mechanism of the collagen peptide Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro (FLAP) in mice with ALI and AKI induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were examined. The results showed that FLAP effectively improved the liver mass index, the renal mass index, and the histopathological morphology. FLAP treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE) but increased the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The protein expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), p-protein kinase B (p-AKT), and p-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (p-PI3K) in the liver and kidneys were significantly up-regulated after FLAP treatment. FLAP down-regulated the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, FLAP may play a protective role in ALI and AKI by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by the Nrf2/anti-response element (ARE) and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi He
- Zhejiang
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical
Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhejiang
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical
Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Zhoushan
Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316012, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical
Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Leifang Zhang
- Zhejiang
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical
Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Huoxi Jin
- Zhejiang
Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical
Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
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9
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Wu Y, Yang J, Xu C, Li Q, Ma Y, Zhao S, Zhuang J, Shen F, Wang Q, Feng F, Zhang X. Sea cucumber ( Acaudina leucoprocta) peptides extended the lifespan and enhanced antioxidant capacity via DAF-16/DAF-2/SOD-3/OLD-1/PEPT-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1065145. [PMID: 36483922 PMCID: PMC9723373 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1065145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea cucumber peptides (SCPs) from Acaudina leucoprocta were derived from the patented bio-enzyme digestion technology and the molecular weight of obtained SCPs was < 10 kDa. In this study, we investigated the possible anti-aging effects of SCPs on the model of Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying mechanisms. SCPs extend the average lifespan of nematodes by 31.46%. SCPs enhance the anti-stress capacity of C. elegans by improving heat resistance and mobility, Also, the accumulated potential oxidative stress inducers like lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were reduced to 40.84 and 71.43%. In addition, SCPs can increase the antioxidant capacity in nematodes by enhancing the activity of SOD and CAT and reducing MDA accumulation in nematodes to 32.44%. Mechanistically, SCPs could mediate DAF-16/DAF-2/SOD-3/OLD-1/PEPT-1 axis to improve antioxidant capacity and extend lifespan in nematodes. Taken together, these findings provide a direction for the anti-aging effects of sea cucumber peptides and new insights into the further purifications of SCPs and future research on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjuan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chengmei Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuqi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yage Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiachen Zhuang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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10
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Li X, Zhang X, Hao M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Sun L, Gao Y, Jin Y, Lei P, Zhuo Y. The application of collagen in the repair of peripheral nerve defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973301. [PMID: 36213073 PMCID: PMC9542778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural polymer expressed in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nervous system. It has become increasingly crucial in peripheral nerve reconstruction as it was involved in regulating Schwann cell behaviors, maintaining peripheral nerve functions during peripheral nerve development, and being strongly upregulated after nerve injury to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, its biological properties, such as low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability make it a suitable biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair. Collagen provides a suitable microenvironment to support Schwann cells’ growth, proliferation, and migration, thereby improving the regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of collagen as a biomaterial, analyze its role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances concerning the optimization of collagen nerve conduits in terms of physical properties and structure, as well as the application of the combination with the bioactive component in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
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11
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Antioxidant Potential of Sea Cucumbers and Their Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080521. [PMID: 36005524 PMCID: PMC9410154 DOI: 10.3390/md20080521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are considered a luxury food item and used locally in traditional medication due to their impressive nutritional profile and curative effects. Sea cucumbers contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, namely phenolics, polysaccharides, proteins (collagen and peptides), carotenoids, and saponins, demonstrating strong antioxidant and other activities. In particular, phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, are abundant in this marine invertebrate and exhibit antioxidant activity. Protein hydrolysates and peptides obtained from sea cucumbers exhibit antioxidant potential, mainly dependent on the amino acid compositions and sequences as well as molecular weight, displayed for those of ≤20 kDa. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber polysaccharides, including fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and fucan, is a combination of numerous factors and is mostly associated with molecular weight, degree of sulfation, and type of major sugars. However, the activity of these bioactive compounds typically depends on the sea cucumber species, harvesting location, food habit, body part, and processing methods employed. This review summarizes the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds obtained from sea cucumbers and their by-products for the first time. The mechanism of actions, chemical structures, and factors affecting the antioxidant activity are also discussed, along with the associated health benefits.
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Herawati E, Akhsanitaqwim Y, Agnesia P, Listyawati S, Pangastuti A, Ratriyanto A. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiaging Activities of Collagen and Its Hydrolysate from Mackerel Scad Skin ( Decapterus macarellus). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080516. [PMID: 36005519 PMCID: PMC9409949 DOI: 10.3390/md20080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mackerel scad fish (Decapterus macarellus) is a new source for pepsin-soluble collagen and its hydrolysate, both of which have never been explored. This study aims to characterize and determine the in vitro antioxidant, antiglycation, and antityrosinase activity of pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and hydrolyzed collagen (HC) from mackerel scad skin. PSC was extracted using 0.5 M acetic acid containing 0.1% pepsin for 48 h at 4 °C. The obtained PSC was then hydrolyzed with collagenase type II (6250 U/g) to produce HC. The PSC yield obtained was 6.39 ± 0.97%, with a pH of 6.76 ± 0.18, while the HC yield was 96% from PSC. SDS-PAGE and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the typical features of type I collagen. HC demonstrated high solubility (66.75–100%) throughout the entire pH range (1–10). The PSC and HC from mackerel scad skin showed antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with IC50 values of 148.55 ± 3.14 ppm and 34.966 ± 0.518 ppm, respectively. In the antiglycation test, PSC had an IC50 value of 239.29 ± 15.67 ppm, while HC had an IC50 of 68.43 ± 0.44 ppm. PSC also exhibited antityrosinase activity, with IC50 values of 234.66 ± 0.185 ppm (on the L-DOPA substrate), while HC had an IC50 value of 79.35 ± 0.5 ppm. Taken together, these results suggest that the skin of mackerel scad fish has potential antiaging properties and can be further developed for pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Herawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-271669376
| | - Yochidamai Akhsanitaqwim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Pipin Agnesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Shanti Listyawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Artini Pangastuti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Adi Ratriyanto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
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13
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Lu Z, Sun N, Dong L, Gao Y, Lin S. Production of Bioactive Peptides from Sea Cucumber and Its Potential Health Benefits: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7607-7625. [PMID: 35715003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides from food have been widely studied due to their potential applications as functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Sea cucumber, a traditional tonic food, is characterized by high protein and low fat, thereby substrates are being studied to release sea cucumber peptides (SCPs). Although recent studies have shown that SCPs have various bioactive functions, there is no literature reviewing the development status of SCPs. In this review, we summarized the production of SCPs, including their purification and identification, then mainly focused on the comprehensive potential health benefits of SCP in vivo and in vitro, and finally discussed the challenge facing the development of SCPs. We found that SCPs have well-documented health benefits due to their antioxidation, anti-diabetes, ACE inhibitory, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, neuroprotection, micromineral-chelating, etc. However, the structure-activity relationships of SCPs and the functional molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation in vivo need further investigation. Research on the safety of SCP and its potential regulation mechanism will contribute to transferring these findings into commercial applications. Hopefully, this review could promote the development and application of SCPs in further investigation and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Liu Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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Abd-Talib N, Yaji ELA, Wahab NSA, Razali N, Len KYT, Roslan J, Saari N, Pa’ee KF. Bioactive Peptides and Its Alternative Processes: A Review. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Collagen Extraction from Animal Skin. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060905. [PMID: 35741426 PMCID: PMC9219788 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Collagen is useful in many applications including cosmetics, medicine, yarn production and packaging. Collagen can be recovered from skins of animals raised for meat. Here, we review methods for the extraction and purification of collagen from animal skins. Abstract Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in animals. It is the major component of skin. It finds uses in cosmetics, medicine, yarn production and packaging. This paper reviews the extraction of collagen from hides of most consumed animals for meat with the focus on literature published since 2000. The different pretreatment and extraction techniques that have been investigated for producing collagen from animal skins are reviewed. Pretreatment by enzymatic, acid or alkaline methods have been used. Extraction by chemical hydrolysis, salt solubilization, enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasound assisted extraction and other methods are described. Post-extraction purification methods are also explained. This compilation will be useful for anyone wishing to use collagen as a resource and wanting to further improve the extraction and purification methods.
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16
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Ghaffari-Bohlouli P, Jafari H, Taebnia N, Abedi A, Amirsadeghi A, Niknezhad SV, Alimoradi H, Jafarzadeh S, Mirzaei M, Nie L, Zhang J, Varma RS, Shavandi A. Protein by-products: Composition, extraction, and biomedical applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9436-9481. [PMID: 35546340 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Significant upsurge in animal by-products such as skin, bones, wool, hides, feathers, and fats has become a global challenge and, if not properly disposed of, can spread contamination and viral diseases. Animal by-products are rich in proteins, which can be used as nutritional, pharmacologically functional ingredients, and biomedical materials. Therefore, recycling these abundant and renewable by-products and extracting high value-added components from them is a sustainable approach to reclaim animal by-products while addressing scarce landfill resources. This article appraises the most recent studies conducted in the last five years on animal-derived proteins' separation and biomedical application. The effort encompasses an introduction about the composition, an overview of the extraction and purification methods, and the broad range of biomedical applications of these ensuing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafez Jafari
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Amirsadeghi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sina Jafarzadeh
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mahta Mirzaei
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, Faculty of engineering, Free University of Brussels (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Zhao W, Li J, Li Y, Chen Y, Jin H. Preventive Effect of Collagen Peptides from Acaudina molpadioides on Acute Kidney Injury through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8186838. [PMID: 35592533 PMCID: PMC9113864 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8186838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of collagen peptide from Acaudina molpadioides (Amp) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice and its mechanism were explored. The results showed that Amp-fed could effectively improve the renal mass index and histopathological morphology. The levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen decreased significantly, while the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly in Amp-fed groups. Western blot results disclosed that Amp significantly upregulates the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Nrf2, p-PI3K, and p-AKT in the kidney. In addition, Amp could significantly downregulate the levels of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). These findings provide evidence that Amp plays a protective role in AKI via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways. This study laid a foundation for the application of Amp in the prevention of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Huoxi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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18
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Viji P, Madhusudana Rao B, Debbarma J, Ravishankar C. Research developments in the applications of microwave energy in fish processing: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Li J, Lu J, Asakiya C, Huang K, Zhou X, Liu Q, He X. Extraction and Identification of Three New Urechis unicinctus Visceral Peptides and Their Antioxidant Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:293. [PMID: 35621944 PMCID: PMC9145011 DOI: 10.3390/md20050293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The viscera of Urechis unicinctus with polypeptides, fatty acids, and amino acids are usually discarded during processing to food. In order to improve the utilization value of the viscera of Urechis unicinctus and avoid resource waste, antioxidant polypeptides were isolated from the viscera of Urechis unicinctus. First, a protein hydrolysate of Urechis unicinctus (UUPH) was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, and the degree of hydrolysis was as high as 79.32%. Subsequently, three new antioxidant peptides (P1, P2, and P3) were purified from UUPH using ultrafiltration and chromatography, and their amino acid sequences were identified as VTSALVGPR, IGLGDEGLRR, TKIRNEISDLNER, respectively. Then, the antioxidant activity of the polypeptide was predicted by the structure-activity relationship and finally verified by experiments on eukaryotic cells. The P1 peptide exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity among these three antioxidant peptides. Furthermore, P1, P2, and P3 have no toxic effect on RAW264.7 cells at the concentration of 0.01~2 mg/mL and can protect RAW264.7 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggested that these three new antioxidant peptides were isolated from the viscera of Urechis unicinctus, especially the P1 peptide, which might serve as potential antioxidants applied in health-derived food or beverages. This study further developed a new use of the by-product of Urechis unicinctus, which improved the comprehensive utilization of marine biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Jiajun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Charles Asakiya
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.A.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhou
- Shandong Baier Testing Corp., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qingliang Liu
- Shandong Baier Testing Corp., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.A.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Timorshina S, Popova E, Osmolovskiy A. Sustainable Applications of Animal Waste Proteins. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081601. [PMID: 35458349 PMCID: PMC9027211 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the growth of the global population leads to an increase in demand for agricultural products. Expanding the obtaining and consumption of food products results in a scale up in the amount of by-products formed, the development of processing methods for which is becoming an urgent task of modern science. Collagen and keratin make up a significant part of the animal origin protein waste, and the potential for their biotechnological application is almost inexhaustible. The specific fibrillar structure allows collagen and keratin to be in demand in bioengineering in various forms and formats, as a basis for obtaining hydrogels, nanoparticles and scaffolds for regenerative medicine and targeted drug delivery, films for the development of biodegradable packaging materials, etc. This review describes the variety of sustainable sources of collagen and keratin and the beneficial application multiformity of these proteins.
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21
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Recent progress in preventive effect of collagen peptides on photoaging skin and action mechanism. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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López-García G, Dublan-García O, Arizmendi-Cotero D, Gómez Oliván LM. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Food Proteins. Molecules 2022; 27:1343. [PMID: 35209132 PMCID: PMC8878547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for food proteins in the market has increased due to a rise in degenerative illnesses that are associated with the excessive production of free radicals and the unwanted side effects of various drugs, for which researchers have suggested diets rich in bioactive compounds. Some of the functional compounds present in foods are antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides, which are used to produce foods that promote health and to reduce the consumption of antibiotics. These peptides have been obtained from various sources of proteins, such as foods and agri-food by-products, via enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Peptides with antioxidant properties exert effective metal ion (Fe2+/Cu2+) chelating activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition, which may lead to notably beneficial effects in promoting human health and food processing. Antimicrobial peptides are small oligo-peptides generally containing from 10 to 100 amino acids, with a net positive charge and an amphipathic structure; they are the most important components of the antibacterial defense of organisms at almost all levels of life-bacteria, fungi, plants, amphibians, insects, birds and mammals-and have been suggested as natural compounds that neutralize the toxicity of reactive oxygen species generated by antibiotics and the stress generated by various exogenous sources. This review discusses what antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides are, their source, production, some bioinformatics tools used for their obtainment, emerging technologies, and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe López-García
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Mexico; (G.L.-G.); (L.M.G.O.)
| | - Octavio Dublan-García
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Mexico; (G.L.-G.); (L.M.G.O.)
| | - Daniel Arizmendi-Cotero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Campus Toluca, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Toluca 50160, Mexico;
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez Oliván
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Mexico; (G.L.-G.); (L.M.G.O.)
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23
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Mildenberger J, Remm M, Atanassova M. Self-assembly potential of bioactive peptides from Norwegian sea cucumber Parastichopus tremulus for development of functional hydrogels. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Wang S, Gan Y, Mao X, Kan H, Li N, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wang Y. Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Oviductus Ranae Protein Hydrolyzed by Different Proteases. Molecules 2021; 26:1625. [PMID: 33804057 PMCID: PMC8002033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As nutrition and a health tonic for both medicine and food, the protein content of Oviductus Ranae is more than 40%, making it an ideal source to produce antioxidant peptides. This work evaluated the effects of six different proteases (pepsin, trypsin, papain, flavourzyme, neutral protease and alcalase) on the antioxidant activity of Oviductus Ranae protein, and analyzed the relationship between the hydrolysis time, the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and the antioxidant activity of the enzymatic hydrolysates. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of Oviductus Ranae protein was significantly improved and the optimal hydrolysis time was maintained between 3-4 h under the action of different proteases. Among them, the protein hydrolysate which was hydrolyzed by pepsin for 180 min had the strongest comprehensive antioxidant activity and was most suitable for the production of antioxidant peptides. At this time, the DH, the DPPH radical scavenging activity, the absorbance value of reducing power determination and the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity corresponding to the enzymatic hydrolysate were 13.32 ± 0.24%, 70.63 ± 1.53%, 0.376 ± 0.009 and 31.96 ± 0.78%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the hydrolysis time, the DH and the antioxidant activity of the enzymatic hydrolysates, further indicating that the hydrolysates of Oviductus Ranae protein had great antioxidant potential. The traditional anti-aging efficacy of Oviductus Ranae is closely related to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and its hydrolysates have better antioxidant capacity, which also provides support for further development of its traditional anti-aging efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Yuanshuai Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (N.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xinxin Mao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hong Kan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (X.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (N.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (N.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Physical Sciences, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA;
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (N.L.); (C.Z.)
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Jin H, Li Y, Shen K, Li J, Yu F, Yang Z. Regulation of H 2O 2-induced cells injury through Nrf2 signaling pathway: An introduction of a novel cysteic acid-modified peptide. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104811. [PMID: 33743224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel peptide (Cya-Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro, SCP) was formulated through non-protein amino acid-cysteic acid (Cya) modification of collagen peptide (Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro, CP) from Acaudina molpadioides. Introduction of this Cya showed remarkable improvement in the scavenging activities of OH·. SCP exhibited stronger effects than CP in preventing H2O2-induced oxidative damage due to lower levels of ROS and MDA, and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1, and NQO1. It was speculated that SCP could significantly increase the expression level of Nrf2 compared to CP, thereby activating the expression of downstream ARE genes. The expression levels of p38 in the upstream pathway to regulate Nrf2 content were significantly higher in both the CP and SCP-treated groups, while a higher level of JNK was observed only in the SCP-treated groups. The present study provided insights towards the application of cysteic acid modified peptide in protecting cell from oxidative damage through the JNK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoxi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoushan Third People's Hospital, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Fangmiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Qi Q, Peng Q, Tang M, Chen D, Zhang H. Microbiome Analysis Investigating the Impacts of Fermented Spent Mushroom Substrates on the Composition of Microbiota in Weaned Piglets Hindgut. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:584243. [PMID: 33263016 PMCID: PMC7686581 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.584243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fermented spent mushroom substrates (FSMS) on growth performance, serum biochemical, gut digestive enzyme activity, microbial community, genes expression of tight junction proteins, and volatile fatty acids in the hindgut (colon and cecum) of weaned piglets. A total of 100 weaned Yihao native pigs (native × Duroc, 50 males and 50 females) were allocated to two groups with five replicates and 10 pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet (BD group), and the others were fed basal diets supplemented with 3% FSMS (FSMS group). Relative to the BD group, it had better results for final weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio in the FSMS group but not significant (p > 0.05), which was accompanied by improved serum triiodothyronine, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A (p < 0.05) but lower serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride during the overall period (p < 0.05). Similarly, FSMS significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) the messenger RNA expression of duodenal tight junction proteins such as tight junction protein 1, tight junction protein 2, and occludin. Meanwhile, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid levels were increased, whereas propanoic acid was decreased (p < 0.05) in the FSMS group than the BD group. In addition, the piglets in the FSMS group changed the microbial diversity in the colon and cecum. 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based compositional analysis of the colonic and cecal microbiota showed differences in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, etc.), genus (Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Roseburia, etc.), and species (Lactobacillus gasseri, Clostridium disporicum, etc.) between the BD and FSMS fed piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FSMS benefited to the intestinal mucosal barrier, immunity, and composition of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Peng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Min Tang
- Guangdong Yihao Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongling Chen
- Guangdong Yihao Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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27
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Senadheera TR, Dave D, Shahidi F. Sea Cucumber Derived Type I Collagen: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E471. [PMID: 32961970 PMCID: PMC7551324 DOI: 10.3390/md18090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major fibrillar protein in most living organisms. Among the different types of collagen, type I collagen is the most abundant one in tissues of marine invertebrates. Due to the health-related risk factors and religious constraints, use of mammalian derived collagen has been limited. This triggers the search for alternative sources of collagen for both food and non-food applications. In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted on maximizing the utilization of seafood processing by-products and address the need for collagen. However, less attention has been given to marine invertebrates and their by-products. The present review has focused on identifying sea cucumber as a potential source of collagen and discusses the general scope of collagen extraction, isolation, characterization, and physicochemical properties along with opportunities and challenges for utilizing marine-derived collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharindu R.L. Senadheera
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Deepika Dave
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
- Marine Bioprocessing Facility, Centre of Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
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28
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Chen ML, Ning P, Jiao Y, Xu Z, Cheng YH. Extraction of antioxidant peptides from rice dreg protein hydrolysate via an angling method. Food Chem 2020; 337:128069. [PMID: 32950762 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective enrichment of the highly active antioxidant peptides is required as the lack of an efficient method leads to long screening processes, hampering the research of antioxidant peptides. A simple synthetic metal-organic framework MIL-53 (Cr) was initially applied to extract specific antioxidant peptides from rice dreg protein hydrolysate. The highest active fraction was further purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant peptides with the highest antioxidant activities were identified as Gly-Asp-Met-Asn-Pro and Leu-Leu-Leu-Arg-Trp by LC-MS. These two peptides were synthesized and also exhibited good scavenging activity on the DPPH free radical, superoxide anion free radical and hydroxyl radical, and good chelating ability on Fe2+. The results confirmed that the angling method was effective for antioxidant peptide enrichment from protein hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Long Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Peng Ning
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Jiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Hui Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Tadesse SA, Emire SA. Production and processing of antioxidant bioactive peptides: A driving force for the functional food market. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04765. [PMID: 32913907 PMCID: PMC7472861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for functional foods in the global market has increased rapidly due to the increasing occurrences of non-communicable diseases and technological advancement. Antioxidant peptides have been suggested as ingredients used to produce health-promoting foods. These peptides are encrypted from various food derived protein sources by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation. However, the industrial-scale production of antioxidant peptides is hampered by different problems such as high production cost, and low yield and bioactivity. Accordingly, novel processing technologies, such as high pressure, microwave and pulsed electric field, have been recently emerged to overcome the problems associated with the conventional hydrolysis methods. This particular review, therefore, discussed the current processing technologies used to produce antioxidant peptides. The review also suggested further perspectives that should be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Abebaw Tadesse
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Admassu Emire
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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Pan M, Liu K, Yang J, Liu S, Wang S, Wang S. Advances on Food-Derived Peptidic Antioxidants-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E799. [PMID: 32867173 PMCID: PMC7554705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidation process is considered to be the main reason behind human aging, human degenerative diseases and food quality degradation. Food-derived peptidic antioxidants (PAs) have wide sources and great activity, and have broad application prospects in removing excess reactive oxygen species in the body, anti-aging and preventing and treating diseases related to oxidative stress. On the other hand, PAs are expected to inhibit the lipid peroxidation of foods and increase the stability of the food system in the food industry. However, the production pathways and action mechanism of food-derived PAs are diverse, which makes it is difficult to evaluate the performance of PAs which is why the commercial application of PAs is still in its infancy. This article focuses on reviewing the preparation, purification, and characterization methods of food-derived PAs, and expounds the latest progress in performance evaluation and potential applications, in order to provide an effective reference for subsequent related research of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (M.P.); (K.L.); (J.Y.); (S.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (M.P.); (K.L.); (J.Y.); (S.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (M.P.); (K.L.); (J.Y.); (S.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shengmiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (M.P.); (K.L.); (J.Y.); (S.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (M.P.); (K.L.); (J.Y.); (S.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (M.P.); (K.L.); (J.Y.); (S.L.); (S.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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31
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Sea Cucumber Peptides Improved the Mitochondrial Capacity of Mice: A Potential Mechanism to Enhance Gluconeogenesis and Fat Catabolism during Exercise for Improved Antifatigue Property. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4604387. [PMID: 32685094 PMCID: PMC7335390 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4604387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumber promotes multifaceted health benefits. However, the mechanisms of sea cucumber peptides (Scp) regulating the antifatigue capacity is still unknown. The present study is aimed at further elucidating the effects and mechanisms of Scp on the antifatigue capacity of mice. At first, C57BL/6J mice were assigned into four groups named Con, L-Scp, M-Scp, and H-Scp and received diets containing Scp (0%, 0.15%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, respectively) for continuous 30 days. On the 21th day, a fore grip test was conducted on mice. On the 25th day, a rotating rod test was conducted on mice. On the 30th day, the quantities of glycogen and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were determined in 8 random mice and another 8 mice were forced to swim for 1 hour before slaughter for detecting biochemical indicators. It was observed that the Scp groups significantly prolonged the running time in rotarod, increased forelimb grip strength, improved lactic acid (LD) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the serum, decreased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in the serum, increased blood glucose (BG) and glycogen (GN) levels in the liver and skeletal muscle after swimming, increased the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in the skeletal muscle and heart, and improved antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, Scp treatment significantly elevated the mRNA and protein relative levels of power-sensitive factors, lipid catabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis and significantly upregulated mRNA levels of gluconeogenesis. Besides, mtDNA before the swimming test was increased in the three Scp groups. These results show that Scp treatment has antifatigue capacity. Furthermore, these results suggest that improved energy regulation and antioxidant capacity may be the result of improved mitochondrial function.
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Li Y, Li J, Lin SJ, Yang ZS, Jin HX. Preparation of Antioxidant Peptide by Microwave- Assisted Hydrolysis of Collagen and Its Protective Effect Against H 2O 2-Induced Damage of RAW264.7 Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110642. [PMID: 31739542 PMCID: PMC6891724 DOI: 10.3390/md17110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant peptides have elicited interest for the versatility of their use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. In the current study, antioxidant peptides were prepared by microwave-assisted alkaline protease hydrolysis of collagen from sea cucumber (Acaudina molpadioides). The results showed that microwave irradiation significantly improved the degree of hydrolysis of collagen and the hydroxyl radical (OH⋅) scavenging activity of hydrolysate. The content and OH⋅ scavenging activity of collagen peptides with molecular weight ≤ 1 kDa (CPS) in the hydrolysate obtained at 250 W increased significantly compared with the non-microwave-assisted control. CPS could scavenge OH⋅ and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in a dose-dependent manner. The scavenging activity of OH⋅ and DPPH radical was 93.1% and 41.2%, respectively, at CPS concentration of 1 mg/mL. CPS could significantly promote RAW264.7 cell proliferation and reduce the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level of H2O2-induced damage in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all CPS-treated groups exhibited an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared with the control. These results showed that CPS could effectively protect RAW264.7 cells from H2O2-induced damage, implying the potential utilization of CPS as a natural antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products; School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-S.Y.)
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products; School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-S.Y.)
| | - Sai-Jun Lin
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China;
| | - Zui-Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products; School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-S.Y.)
| | - Huo-Xi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products; School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-580-255-2395
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Hydrolysed Collagen from Sheepskins as a Source of Functional Peptides with Antioxidant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163931. [PMID: 31412541 PMCID: PMC6719941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen from sheepskins at different times of hydrolysis (0, 10, 15, 20, 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h) were investigated in terms of amino acid content (hydroxyproline), isoelectric point, molecular weight (Mw) by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method, viscosity, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, antioxidant capacity by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, thermal properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The kinetics of hydrolysis showed an increase in the protein and hydroxyproline concentration as the hydrolysis time increased to 4 h. FTIR spectra allowed us to identify the functional groups of hydrolysed collagen (HC) in the amide I region for collagen. The isoelectric point shifted to lower values compared to the native collagen precursor. The change in molecular weight and viscosity from time 0 min to 4 h promoted important antioxidant activity in the resulting HC. The lower the Mw, the greater the ability to donate an electron or hydrogen to stabilize radicals. From the SEM images it was evident that HC after 2 h had a porous and spongy structure. These results suggest that HC could be a good alternative to replace HC from typical sources like pigs, cows and fish.
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