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Tong Y, Guo H, Abbas Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Cheng Q, Peng S, Yang T, Bai T, Zhou Y, Li J, Wei X, Si D, Zhang R. Optimizing postbiotic production through solid-state fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 enhances antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229952. [PMID: 37744928 PMCID: PMC10512978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postbiotics are an emerging research interest in recent years and are fairly advanced compared to prebiotics and probiotics. The composition and function of postbiotics are closely related to fermentation conditions. Methods In this study, we developed a solid-state fermentation preparation method for postbiotics with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antibacterial activity was improved 3.62 times compared to initial fermentation conditions by using optimization techniques such as single factor experiments, Plackett-Burman design (PBD), steepest ascent method (SAM), and central composite design (CCD) methods. The optimized conditions were carried out with an initial water content of 50% for 8 days at 37°C and fermentation strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 at a ratio of 1:1 with a total inoculum size of 8%. The optimized SSF medium content ratios of peptide powder, wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal were 4, 37.4, 30, and 28.6%, respectively. Results Under these optimized conditions, postbiotics with a concentration of 25 mg/mL showed significant broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus and strong antioxidant activity against ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals. Moreover, the optimized postbiotics exhibited good anti-inflammatory ability for reducing nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in response to LPS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the postbiotics significantly improved intestinal epithelial wound healing capabilities after mechanical injury, such as cell scratches in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion In brief, we developed postbiotics through optimized solid-state fermentation with potential benefits for gut health. Therefore, our findings suggested that the novel postbiotics could be used as potential functional food products for improving body health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Tong
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - He'nan Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Peng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhou
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhuan Li
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Puan SL, Erriah P, Baharudin MMAA, Yahaya NM, Kamil WNIWA, Ali MSM, Ahmad SA, Oslan SN, Lim S, Sabri S. Antimicrobial peptides from Bacillus spp. and strategies to enhance their yield. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5569-5593. [PMID: 37450018 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern that is affecting public health globally. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has become increasingly important. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by Bacillus spp. have emerged as a promising alternative to antibiotics, due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against resistant pathogens. In this review, we provide an overview of Bacillus-derived AMPs, including their classification into ribosomal (bacteriocins) and non-ribosomal peptides (lipopeptides and polyketides). Additionally, we delve into the molecular mechanisms of AMP production and describe the key biosynthetic gene clusters involved. Despite their potential, the low yield of AMPs produced under normal laboratory conditions remains a challenge to large-scale production. This review thus concludes with a comprehensive summary of recent studies aimed at enhancing the productivity of Bacillus-derived AMPs. In addition to medium optimization and genetic manipulation, various molecular strategies have been explored to increase the production of recombinant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These include the selection of appropriate expression systems, the engineering of expression promoters, and metabolic engineering. Bacillus-derived AMPs offer great potential as alternative antimicrobial agents, and this review provides valuable insights on the strategies to enhance their production yield, which may have significant implications for combating antibiotic resistance. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus-derived AMP is a potential alternative therapy for resistant pathogens • Bacillus produces two main classes of AMPs: ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptides • AMP yield can be enhanced using culture optimization and molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau Ling Puan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pirasannah Erriah
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Malik Al-Adil Baharudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normi Mohd Yahaya
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nur Ismah Wan Ahmad Kamil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sooa Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, 31499, Asan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Development of Crosslinker-Free Polysaccharide-Lysozyme Microspheres for Treatment Enteric Infection. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051077. [PMID: 36904318 PMCID: PMC10007162 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic abuse in the conventional treatment of microbial infections, such as inflammatory bowel disease, induces cumulative toxicity and antimicrobial resistance which requires the development of new antibiotics or novel strategies for infection control. Crosslinker-free polysaccharide-lysozyme microspheres were constructed via an electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique by adjusting the assembly behaviors of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) on lysozyme and subsequently outer cationic chitosan (CS) deposition. The relative enzymatic activity and in vitro release profile of lysozyme under simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were investigated. The highest loading efficiency of the optimized CS/CMS-lysozyme micro-gels reached 84.9% by tailoring CMS/CS content. The mild particle preparation procedure retained relative activity of 107.4% compared with free lysozyme, and successfully enhanced the antibacterial activity against E. coli due to the superposition effect of CS and lysozyme. Additionally, the particle system showed no toxicity to human cells. In vitro digestibility testified that almost 70% was recorded in the simulated intestinal fluid within 6 h. Results demonstrated that the cross-linker-free CS/CMS-lysozyme microspheres could be a promising antibacterial additive for enteric infection treatment due to its highest effective dose (573.08 μg/mL) and fast release at the intestinal tract.
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Medium for the Production of Bacillus-Based Biocontrol Agent Effective against Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: Dual Approach for Modelling and Optimization. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061165. [PMID: 35744682 PMCID: PMC9228200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the leading limiting factors for wider industrial production and commercialization of microbial biopesticides refers to the high costs of cultivation media. The selection of alternative sources of macronutrients crucial for the growth and metabolic activity of the producing microorganism is a necessary phase of the bioprocess development. Gaining a better understanding of the influence of the medium composition on the biotechnological production of biocontrol agents is enabled through bioprocess modelling and optimization. In the present study, after the selection of optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, two modelling approaches were applied to mathematically describe the behavior of the examined bioprocess—the production of biocontrol agents effective against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains. The modelling was performed using four independent variables: cellulose, urea, ammonium sulfate and dipotassium phosphate, and the selected response was the inhibition-zone diameter. After the comparison of the results generated by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach, the first model was chosen for the further optimization step due to the better fit of the experimental results. As the final investigation step, the optimal cultivation medium composition was defined (g/L): cellulose 5.0, ammonium sulfate 3.77, dipotassium phosphate 0.3, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.3.
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Srivastava N, Sarethy IP, Jeevanandam J, Danquah M. Emerging strategies for microbial screening of novel chemotherapeutics. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou P, Chen W, Zhu Z, Zhou K, Luo S, Hu S, Xia L, Ding X. Comparative Study of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 on the Intestinal Flora and Antibacterial Activity Against Aeromonas of Grass Carp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815436. [PMID: 35145928 PMCID: PMC8821659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms to control bacterial diseases has been widely used in aquaculture, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BaX030) as a probiotic feed additive was a commonly biological control method. Added sucrose promoted the growth of BaX030, and the yield of its antibacterial substance macrolactin A was enhanced by 1.46-fold. A total of 2055 proteins were screened through proteomics, with 143 upregulated and 307 downregulated. Differential protein expression analysis and qRT-PCR verification showed that the pentose phosphate pathway and the fatty acid synthesis pathway were upregulated, thereby providing sufficient energy and precursors for the synthesis of macrolactin A. The influence of some potential regulatory factors (SecG, LiaI, MecG and ComG) on macrolactin A was discovered. After grass carp were fed with BaX030, the abundance of probiotics (Fusobacterium, Proteobacteria, Gemmobacter) were higher than the control group, and the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria (Planctomycetes, Aeromonas) were significantly lower than the control group. The cell and challenge experiments showed that BaX030 can significantly increase the expression of C3 and IL8 in the liver and kidney, which decreases the risk of immune organ disease. Moreover, BaX030 effectively reduced the mortality of grass carp. The results revealed that BaX030 can significantly improve the structure of the intestinal flora, enhance immunity and it is beneficial to the control of grass carp Aeromonas.
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ISOLA LA, MAHMOOD MH, YOUSIF AY, AL-SHAWI SG, ABDELBASSET WK, BOKOV DO, THANGAVELU L. A review on fermented aquatic food storage quality based on heat treatment and water retention technology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.77321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry Olegovich BOKOV
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Federation
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da Rosa CE, Pinilla CMB, Stincone P, Pereira JQ, Varela APM, Mayer FQ, Brandelli A. Genomic characterization and production of antimicrobial lipopeptides by Bacillus velezensis P45 growing on feather by-products. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2067-2079. [PMID: 34811844 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential of novel Bacillus velezensis P45 as an eco-friendly alternative for bioprocessing poultry by-products into valuable antimicrobial products. METHODS AND RESULTS The complete genome of B. velezensis P45 was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform, showing 4455 protein and 98 RNA coding sequences according to the annotation on the RAST server. Moreover, the genome contains eight gene clusters for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites and 25 putative protease-related genes, which can be related to feather-degrading activity. Then, in vitro tests were performed to determine the production of antimicrobial compounds using feather, feather meal and brain-heart infusion (BHI) cultures. Antimicrobial activity was observed in feather meal and BHI media, reaching 800 and 3200 AU ml-1 against Listeria monocytogenes respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis indicates the production of antimicrobial lipopeptides surfactin, fengycin and iturin. CONCLUSIONS The biotechnological potential of B. velezensis P45 was deciphered through genome analysis and in vitro studies. This strain produced antimicrobial lipopeptides growing on feather meal, a low-cost substrate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The production of antimicrobial peptides by this keratinolytic strain may represent a sustainable alternative for recycling by-products from poultry industry. Furthermore, whole B. velezensis P45 genome sequence was obtained and deposited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolini Esmeriz da Rosa
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Stincone
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jamile Queiroz Pereira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Frederico Westphalen, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Prashanthi R, G K S, S K, L M. Isolation, characterization, and molecular identification of soil bacteria showing antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:120. [PMID: 34406527 PMCID: PMC8374016 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study dealt with the screening of soil bacteria with antibacterial activity from different locations in Bangalore, India. Antibiotics play the role of self-defense mechanism for the bacteria and are produced as secondary metabolites to protect themselves from other competitive microorganisms. The need for new antibiotics arose as the pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance to various antibiotics meant for treating human diseases. Given the importance of antibiotics of bacterial origin, standard techniques have been used to isolate and characterize the soil bacteria which showed antibacterial activity. RESULTS The isolated bacteria were tested against human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by primary and secondary screening methods. The isolates PR1, PR2, and PR3 were confirmed to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae by both methods. Studies on the effect of filter sterilization, autoclaving, and proteinase K treatment on culture filtrates showed filter sterilization as the best method. The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the antibacterial activity showed that preference by each isolate differed for carbon and nitrogen requirements. The isolates PR1, PR2, and PR3 were identified as Bacillus aryabhattai strain PR-D07, Arthrobacter humicola strain PR-F07, and Neomicrococcus lactis strain PR-F11 through 16S rRNA sequencing. CONCLUSION Findings from this research work are encouraging and could proceed further to applied aspects. Only 3 bacterial isolates out of 263 isolates from soil samples displayed antibacterial activity against human pathogens S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. They were identified as B. aryabhattai, A. humicola, and N. lactis by 16S rRNA studies and all of them are Gram-positive. Each isolate preferred different carbon and nitrogen sources for their enhanced antibacterial activity. Efficacy of the culture filtrates of these isolates was tested by filter sterilization, autoclaving, and proteinase K treatment. Filter-sterilized culture filtrates showed higher antibacterial activity than other treatments. A comparison of the antibacterial activity of culture filtrates and antibiotic streptomycin produced an inhibition zone of 18.5 mm and 15.5 mm respectively. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of all the 3 bacterial strains (B. aryabhattai strain PR-D07, A. humicola strain PR-F07, and N. lactis strain PR-F11), against all the human pathogens, mentioned earlier. It is also found that the antibiotic factor is proteinaceous as proteinase K considerably reduced the antibacterial activity of the culture filtrates. With the above significant results, these 3 bacteria are considered to be promising candidates for the isolation of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prashanthi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Shreevatsa G K
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krupalini S
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manoj L
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Karnataka, 560054, Bengaluru, India
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Li Y, Jiang N, Zhang W, Lv Z, Liu J, Shi H. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens- 9 Reduces Somatic Cell Count and Modifies Fecal Microbiota in Lactating Goats. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080404. [PMID: 34436243 PMCID: PMC8400666 DOI: 10.3390/md19080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is one of the major problems affecting dairy animals’ productivity and is classified based on milk somatic cell counts (SCC). Previous data showed that marine-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GB-9) improved the immunity and the nonspecific immune defense system of the body. In this study, the potential role of GB-9 in improving subclinical mastitis was assessed with Radix Tetrastigmae (RT) as a positive control in subclinical mastitis Saanen dairy goats. The current data showed that GB-9 and RT significantly reduced the SCC in dairy goats. After being fed with GB-9 or RT, the decreased concentrations of malondialdehyde, IgA, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 were observed. The amplicon sequencing analysis of fecal samples revealed that GB-9 significantly altered the bacterial community. Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were the major genera that respond to GB-9 feeding. The correlation analysis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a MePink module was most associated with the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and interleukin. The MePink module contained 89 OTUs. The feeding of GB-9 in decreasing the SCC was associated with the altered abundance of Bacteroides, which was correlated with the concentrations of immunoglobulins and chemokines. Collectively, the current data suggested that marine-derived GB-9 could be a helpful probiotic to control subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Hengbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang W, Xin H, Jiang N, Lv Z, Shu J, Shi H. Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens-9 as an Alternative Approach to Cure Diarrhea in Saanen Kids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030592. [PMID: 33668259 PMCID: PMC7996169 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), derived from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark, secretes a variety of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the role of GBacillus-9 in the prevention and treatment of Saanen kids with diarrhea was assessed. Six healthy kids (HL) and six kids with diarrhea (DL) were selected. All kids were fed with 0.3% (w/v) GBacillus-9 (spray power) in raw milk for two weeks. The proportion of kids with diarrhea decreased gradually as the trial progressed, and 100% DL kids were cured at day 15. GBacillus-9 increased the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05). The amplicon sequencing analysis of the fecal bacterial community revealed that the fecal microbiota was remarkably different between the HL and the DL groups at day 0. After two weeks of feeding with GBacillus-9, no significant difference in fecal microbiota was observed between HL and DL groups at the phylum level. GBacillus-9 restored the intestinal microbial disorder associated with serum immunoglobulin and interleukin concentration. Correlation analysis showed that GBacillus-9 altered globulin and interleukin concentration and that immunoglobulin was associated with Firmicutes. Collectively, our results revealed that GBacillus-9 improved the gut health of kids by improving microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijie Xin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianhong Shu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88981341
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