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Wani AK, Akhtar N, Mir TUG, Rahayu F, Suhara C, Anjli A, Chopra C, Singh R, Prakash A, El Messaoudi N, Fernandes CD, Ferreira LFR, Rather RA, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Eco-friendly and safe alternatives for the valorization of shrimp farming waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38960-38989. [PMID: 37249769 PMCID: PMC10227411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The seafood industry generates waste, including shells, bones, intestines, and wastewater. The discards are nutrient-rich, containing varying concentrations of carotenoids, proteins, chitin, and other minerals. Thus, it is imperative to subject seafood waste, including shrimp waste (SW), to secondary processing and valorization for demineralization and deproteination to retrieve industrially essential compounds. Although several chemical processes are available for SW processing, most of them are inherently ecotoxic. Bioconversion of SW is cost-effective, ecofriendly, and safe. Microbial fermentation and the action of exogenous enzymes are among the significant SW bioconversion processes that transform seafood waste into valuable products. SW is a potential raw material for agrochemicals, microbial culture media, adsorbents, therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and bio-nanomaterials. This review comprehensively elucidates the valorization approaches of SW, addressing the drawbacks of chemically mediated methods for SW treatments. It is a broad overview of the applications associated with nutrient-rich SW, besides highlighting the role of major shrimp-producing countries in exploring SW to achieve safe, ecofriendly, and efficient bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Tahir Ul Gani Mir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Cece Suhara
- Research Center for Horticulture and Plantation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Anjli Anjli
- HealthPlix Technologies Private Limited, Bengaluru, 560103, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar 190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Bustamante Munguira E, Andrés Juan C, Pérez-Lebeña E. Michael Acceptors as Anti-Cancer Compounds: Coincidence or Causality? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6099. [PMID: 38892287 PMCID: PMC11172677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Michael acceptors represent a class of compounds with potential anti-cancer properties. They act by binding to nucleophilic sites in biological molecules, thereby disrupting cancer cell function and inducing cell death. This mode of action, as well as their ability to be modified and targeted, makes them a promising avenue for advancing cancer therapy. We are investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying Michael acceptors and their interactions with cancer cells, in particular their ability to interfere with cellular processes and induce apoptosis. The anti-cancer properties of Michael acceptors are not accidental but are due to their chemical structure and reactivity. The electrophilic nature of these compounds allows them to selectively target nucleophilic residues on disease-associated proteins, resulting in significant therapeutic benefits and minimal toxicity in various diseases. This opens up new perspectives for the development of more effective and precise cancer drugs. Nevertheless, further studies are essential to fully understand the impact of our discoveries and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Du Y, Shuai Y, Liu Z, Li H, Yin Y. Astaxanthin Synergizes with Ionizing Radiation (IR) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1220-1228. [PMID: 38103098 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammation functions yet its role in cancers requires more research. This study is aimed to reveal the potential synergetic effect of ATX with ionizing radiation (IR) in OSCC. Cell survival was measured after human OSCC cells including CAL27 and SCC9, and normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) were treated with different concentrations of ATX for 24 h. Colony formation assays were performed after OSCC cells were treated with IR, ATX (20 μ M), or combined and survival fraction was analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and intercellular iron levels were measured. Western blot method was used to measure the ferroptosis-related proteins, GPX4, SLC7A11, and ACSL4. In xenograft mice model, we evaluated the tumor volumes, tumor growth, and examined the GPX4/ACSL4 proteins in tumor tissues using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). ATX inhibited viability of OSCC cells but not NHOK. In OSCC cells, ATX further enhanced the cell death induced by IR. In addition, ATX promoted the MDA content, Iron levels but inhibited the GSH regulated by IR in cells. ATX could synergize with IR, further inhibiting GPX4, SLC7A11 and promoting ACSL4 in OSCC cells. In vivo, ATX and IR treatment inhibited OSCC tumor growth and the group with combined treatment showed the most inhibitory effect. GPX4 was inhibited by IR and further inhibited in the combined group while ACSL4 was promoted by IR and enhanced more significantly in the combined group. ATX might synergize with IR treatment in OSCC partly via ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yin
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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Iksen, Witayateeraporn W, Hardianti B, Pongrakhananon V. Comprehensive review of Bcl-2 family proteins in cancer apoptosis: Therapeutic strategies and promising updates of natural bioactive compounds and small molecules. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2249-2275. [PMID: 38415799 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has a considerably higher fatality rate than other diseases globally and is one of the most lethal and profoundly disruptive ailments. The increasing incidence of cancer among humans is one of the greatest challenges in the field of healthcare. A significant factor in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is the dysregulation of physiological processes governing cell death, which results in the survival of cancerous cells. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members play important roles in several cancer-related processes. Drug research and development have identified various promising natural compounds that demonstrate potent anticancer effects by specifically targeting Bcl-2 family proteins and their associated signaling pathways. This comprehensive review highlights the substantial roles of Bcl-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis, including the intricate signaling pathways governing the activity of these proteins, the impact of reactive oxygen species, and the crucial involvement of proteasome degradation and the stress response. Furthermore, this review discusses advances in the exploration and potential therapeutic applications of natural compounds and small molecules targeting Bcl-2 family proteins and thus provides substantial scientific information and therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Senior Medan, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wasita Witayateeraporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Besse Hardianti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cunha FFMD, Tonon AP, Machado F, Travassos LR, Grazzia N, Possatto JF, Sant'ana AKCD, Lopes RDM, Rodrigues T, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Arruda DC. Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo. J Chemother 2024; 36:222-237. [PMID: 37800867 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2264585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Pedroso Tonon
- Instituto de Física e Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolpho Travassos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rayssa de Mello Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Costa Arruda
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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Xu Y, Jiang C. Astaxanthin suppresses the malignant behaviors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by blocking PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways via miR-29a-3p. Genes Environ 2024; 46:10. [PMID: 38649975 PMCID: PMC11036637 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-024-00304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a natural extraction, astaxanthin is gaining increasing attention because of its safety and anti-tumor properties. It has been reported to participate in the progression of various types of cancer such as gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the role of astaxanthin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been investigated. OBJECT The study aimed to explore the anticancer mechanism of astaxanthin in regulating NPC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. METHODS Human NPC cells (C666-1) were treated with different concentrations of astaxanthin (0, 1, 10, 20 mg/mL) followed by detection of cell viability. Then, C666-1 cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, invasion, and migration in response to 10 mg/mL astaxanthin, LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor) or parthenolide (PTL; NF-κB inhibitor) treatment were measured using cell counting kit-8 assay, colony forming assay, flow cytometry analyses, Transwell assay, and wound healing assay, respectively. Western blotting was performed to quantify protein levels of factors involved in PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, cell cycle phase markers (Cyclin D1, p21) and apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bax). RESULTS C666-1 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly suppressed by astaxanthin while cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase were effectively enhanced in the context of 10 mg/mL astaxanthin. Protein levels of p-AKT, p-P65 and p-IκB levels were suppressed by astaxanthin treatment. After LY294002 or PTL treatment, the suppressive impact of astaxanthin on C666-1 cell process was strengthened, accompanied by the more obvious decrease in cell activity and cell colony number, more enhanced cell apoptosis and G1 phase arrest, and further inhibited cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of astaxanthin on Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein levels as well as the promoting impact of astaxanthin on p21 and Bax were also amplified in combination with LY294002 or PTL treatment. CONCLUSIONS Astaxanthin significantly suppresses NPC cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, migration, invasion while promoting cell apoptosis by inactivating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways. The study first reveals the anticancer role of astaxanthin in NPC, providing a potential candidate for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No.287 Changhuai Road, 233000, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chengyi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No.287 Changhuai Road, 233000, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
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Lorestani F, Movahedian A, Mohammadalipour A, Hashemnia M, Aarabi MH. Astaxanthin prevents nephrotoxicity through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:128-136. [PMID: 37683291 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Renal toxicity is one of the side effects of methotrexate (MTX). Therefore, this study explored the use of astaxanthin (AST), as a natural carotenoid, against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity emphasizing the changes in oxidative stress and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1). During the 10 days of the experiment, male Wistar rats in different groups received MTX (10 mg/kg) on days 6, 8, and 10 and three doses of AST (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) during the entire course. Renal failure caused by MTX was observed in significant histopathological changes and a significant increase in serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid (p < 0.05). Oxidative change induced by MTX injection was also observed by remarkably increasing the tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (p < 0.001). AST decreases the adverse effects of MTX by upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 genes (p < 0.01) and decreasing the tissue level of MDA (p < 0.01). Also, AST significantly reduced the amount of creatinine, urea, and uric acid in the serum and improved the activity of SOD and catalase in the kidney tissue (p < 0.05). Thus, AST may protect the kidney against oxidative stress caused by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Lorestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zarezadeh SM, Sharafi AM, Erabi G, Tabashiri A, Teymouri N, Mehrabi H, Golzan SA, Faridzadeh A, Abdollahifar Z, Sami N, Arabpour J, Rahimi Z, Ansari A, Abbasi MR, Azizi N, Tamimi A, Poudineh M, Deravi N. Natural STAT3 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:403-502. [PMID: 37534488 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230803100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting millions of people physically and financially every year. Over time, many anticancer treatments have been proposed and studied, including synthetic compound consumption, surgical procedures, or grueling chemotherapy. Although these treatments have improved the daily life quality of patients and increased their survival rate and life expectancy, they have also shown significant drawbacks, including staggering costs, multiple side effects, and difficulty in compliance and adherence to treatment. Therefore, natural compounds have been considered a possible key to overcoming these problems in recent years, and thorough research has been done to assess their effectiveness. In these studies, scientists have discovered a meaningful interaction between several natural materials and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 molecules. STAT3 is a transcriptional protein that is vital for cell growth and survival. Mechanistic studies have established that activated STAT3 can increase cancer cell proliferation and invasion while reducing anticancer immunity. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 signaling by natural compounds has become one of the favorite research topics and an attractive target for developing novel cancer treatments. In the present article, we intend to comprehensively review the latest knowledge about the effects of various organic compounds on inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway to cure different cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Zarezadeh
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Sharafi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arefeh Tabashiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Teymouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hoda Mehrabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Faridzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahifar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of New Sciences, Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Nima Azizi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ren P, Yu X, Yue H, Tang Q, Wang Y, Xue C. Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin enhances anti-tumor immune response and aids the enhancement of molecularly targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Funct 2023; 14:8309-8320. [PMID: 37602817 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02986g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring compound that possesses immunomodulatory properties. The results of our previous investigation indicated that astaxanthin has the potential to augment the anticancer effectiveness of the targeted medication sorafenib. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. H22 tumor-bearing mice were treated with sorafenib at 30 mg kg-1 per day and their diet was supplemented with 60 mg kg-1 day-1 astaxanthin orally for a period of 18 days. The study revealed that the addition of astaxanthin to the diet facilitated the transition of tumor-associated macrophages from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype. The application of astaxanthin resulted in an augmentation of CD8+ T cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment through the activation of the CXCL9/CXCR3 signaling axis. Astaxanthin was found to enhance the production of cytokines that possess antitumor properties, including Granzyme B. Furthermore, the administration of astaxanthin resulted in alterations to the intestinal microbiota in H22-bearing mice, leading to the growth of bacteria that possess anti-tumor immune properties, such as Akkermansia. The findings of these studies indicate that astaxanthin has the potential to augment the immune response against tumors when used in conjunction with sorafenib. These studies offer a novel framework for the advancement of astaxanthin as an immunomodulatory agent and a dietary supplement for individuals with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Han Yue
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Laboratory of Food Science and Human Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266235, China
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10
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Mussagy CU, Kot A, Dufossé L, Gonçalves CNDP, Pereira JFB, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Raghavan V, Pessoa A. Microbial astaxanthin: from bioprocessing to the market recognition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12586-1. [PMID: 37233757 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The attractive biological properties and health benefits of natural astaxanthin (AXT), including its antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties, have garnered significant attention from academia and industry seeking natural alternatives to synthetic products. AXT, a red ketocarotenoid, is mainly produced by yeast, microalgae, wild or genetically engineered bacteria. Unfortunately, the large fraction of AXT available in the global market is still obtained using non-environmentally friendly petrochemical-based products. Due to the consumers concerns about synthetic AXT, the market of microbial-AXT is expected to grow exponentially in succeeding years. This review provides a detailed discussion of AXT's bioprocessing technologies and applications as a natural alternative to synthetic counterparts. Additionally, we present, for the first time, a very comprehensive segmentation of the global AXT market and suggest research directions to improve microbial production using sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. KEY POINTS: • Unlock the power of microorganisms for high value AXT production. • Discover the secrets to cost-effective microbial AXT processing. • Uncover the future opportunities in the AXT market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2260000, Quillota, Chile.
| | - Anna Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 9, 97744, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Carmem N D P Gonçalves
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Valeria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Erzurumlu Y, Catakli D, Dogan HK. Potent carotenoid astaxanthin expands the anti-cancer activity of cisplatin in human prostate cancer cells. J Nat Med 2023; 77:572-583. [PMID: 37130999 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer and the sixth cause of death in men worldwide. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy are commonly used in treating PCa, but understanding the crosstalk mechanisms of carcinogenesis and new therapeutic approaches is essential for supporting poor diagnosis and existing therapies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a member of the xanthophyll family that is an oxygenated derivative of carotenoids whose synthesis is in plant extracts from lycopene. ASX has protective effects on various diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and cancer by showing potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is an ongoing need for a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism of action to expand its therapeutic use. In the present study, we showed the new regulatory role of ASX in PCa cells by affecting the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, autophagic activity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and regulating the expression level of angiogenesis-related protein vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), proto-oncogene c-Myc and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Additionally, we determined that it exhibited synergistic action with cisplatin and significantly enhanced apoptotic cell death in PCa cells. Present findings suggest that ASX may be a potent adjuvant therapeutic option in PCa treatment when used alone or combined with chemotherapeutics. Schematic illustration of the biochemical activity of astaxanthin and its combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Catakli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kubra Dogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
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12
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Calabrone L, Carlini V, Noonan DM, Festa M, Ferrario C, Morelli D, Macis D, Fontana A, Pistelli L, Brunet C, Sansone C, Albini A. Skeletonema marinoi Extracts and Associated Carotenoid Fucoxanthin Downregulate Pro-Angiogenic Mediators on Prostate Cancer and Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071053. [PMID: 37048126 PMCID: PMC10093511 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of natural preventive molecules for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use has recently increased. In this scenario, marine microorganisms represent an underestimated source of bioactive products endowed with beneficial effects on health that include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, differentiating, anti-tumor, and anti-angiogenic activities. Here, we tested the potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic activities of an extract from the marine coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi Sarno and Zingone (Sm) on prostate cancer (PCa) and endothelial cells. We also tested one of the main carotenoids of the diatom, the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin (Fuco). Fuco from the literature is a potential candidate compound involved in chemopreventive activities. Sm extract and Fuco were able to inhibit PCa cell growth and hinder vascular network formation of endothelial cells. The reduced number of cells was partially due to growth inhibition and apoptosis. We studied the molecular targets by qPCR and membrane antibody arrays. Angiogenesis and inflammation molecules were modulated. In particular, Fuco downregulated the expression of Angiopoietin 2, CXCL5, TGFβ, IL6, STAT3, MMP1, TIMP1 and TIMP2 in both prostate and endothelial cells. Our study confirmed microalgae-derived drugs as potentially relevant sources of novel nutraceuticals, providing candidates for potential dietary or dietary supplement intervention in cancer prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Calabrone
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora Macis
- IRCCS Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IEO, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Adriana Albini
- IRCCS Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IEO, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (A.A.)
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13
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Chen S, Wang J, Feng J, Xuan R. Research progress of Astaxanthin nano-based drug delivery system: Applications, prospects and challenges? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1102888. [PMID: 36969867 PMCID: PMC10034004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a kind of carotenoid widely distributed in nature, which has been shown to extremely strong antioxidative effects and significant preventive and therapeutic effects on cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc. However, its application in the medical field is greatly limited due to its poor water solubility, unstable chemical properties and other shortcomings. In recent years, the nano-based drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanodispersions, and polymer micelles, have been used as Astaxanthin delivery carriers with great potential for clinical applications, which have been proved that they can enhance the stability and efficacy of Astaxanthin and achieve targeted delivery of Astaxanthin. Herein, based on the pharmacological effects of Astaxanthin, we reviewed the characteristics of various drug delivery carriers, which is of great significance for improving the bioavailability of Astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiating Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Rongrong Xuan,
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14
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Sadrkhanloo M, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Raesi R, Motahhary M, Saghari S, Sharifi L, Bokaie S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance: An oncogenic pathway with diverse functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114168. [PMID: 36916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sam Saghari
- Department of Health Services Management, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Semenov AL, Tyndyk ML, Von JD, Ermakova ED, Dorofeeva AA, Tumanyan IA, Radetskaya EA, Yurova MN, Zherebker A, Gorbunov AY, Fedoros EI, Panchenko AV, Anisimov VN. Effects of Isoflavone-Rich NADES Extract of Pueraria lobata Roots and Astaxanthin-Rich Phaffia rhodozyma Extract on Prostate Carcinogenesis in Rats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:564. [PMID: 36771648 PMCID: PMC9920470 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies worldwide. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) extract of Pueraria lobata roots rich in isoflavones (ISF) and Phaffia rhodozyma extract rich in astaxanthin (ASX) on an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea plus testosterone PCa model in rats. ISF consisted of puerarin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and other polyphenols, while ASX contained lipids and unsaturated species in addition to astaxanthin. Extracts were administered through a whole promotion period in daily doses shown by our group to successfully inhibit benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) development - 200 mg/kg for ISF and 25 mg/kg for ASX. Though a similar effect was found for BPH processes accompanying PCa induction, the incidence of PCa in animals treated with placebo, ISF and ASX was 37%, 37% and 41%, respectively, showing no chemopreventive activity of ISF and ASX. PCa development was associated with a decrease in the Ca/Mg ratio in serum and an increase in prostate tissue. Treatment with both extracts produced a normalization effect on Ca balance in serum, which, combined with a decrease in the prostatic index, suggests some positive health effects of ISF and ASX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Semenov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita L. Tyndyk
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia D. Von
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena D. Ermakova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Dorofeeva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A. Tumanyan
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Maria N. Yurova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Yu. Gorbunov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Fedoros
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Panchenko
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Cheng J, Shen S, Yang H, Tang D, Wang X, Lin Y, Liu X. Improved physicochemical stability and bioaccessibility of astaxanthin-loaded oil-in-water emulsions by a casein-caffeic acid-glucose ternary conjugate. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112153. [PMID: 36596104 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of casein-caffeic acid-glucose ternary conjugate (CSC) on the physicochemical properties and bioaccessibility of astaxanthin-loaded emulsion was investigated and compared with sodium caseinate (CSN), a synthetic emulsifier commonly used in the food industry. The CSC-stabilized emulsion exhibits droplet characteristics similar to CSN-stabilized emulsion, and can effectively resist the external forces that lead to the phase separation of the emulsion. Although phase separation also occurred at pH 4.0, CSC emulsion had a wider range of pH stability (pH 3.0, 5.0-8.0) and higher salt ion stability than CSN emulsion. Furthermore, CSC-stabilized astaxanthin emulsions showed better astaxanthin protection under different heat treatment conditions and storage temperatures compared with CSN. After 28 days of storage at 4 °C, astaxanthin residues in the CSC-stabilized emulsion reached 92.37 %. The bioaccessibility of astaxanthin in CSC-stabilized emulsion was 26.21 %, much higher than that in CSN (6.47 %). This research study provides a platform for designing astaxanthin-fortified food or beverage systems to achieve better stability and delivery to target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Cheng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
| | - Shuangwei Shen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Huaigu Yang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Daobang Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Xueming Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
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17
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Lee J, Kim MH, Kim H. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin on Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415471. [PMID: 36555112 PMCID: PMC9779521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderate amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced under normal conditions, where they play an important role in cell signaling and are involved in many aspects of the immune response to pathogens. On the other hand, the excessive production of ROS destructs macromolecules, cell membranes, and DNA, and activates pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, which may lead to various pathologic conditions. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is constantly exposed to ROS due to the presence of bacteria and other infectious pathogens in food, as well as alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Prolonged excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are two major risk factors for GI disorders such as ulcers and cancers. Bioactive food compounds with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity have been tested in experimental GI disease models to evaluate their therapeutic potential. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid that is naturally present in algae, yeast, salmon, shrimp, and krill. It has been shown that AST exhibits protective effects against GI diseases via multiple mechanisms. Residing at the surface and inside of cell membranes, AST directly neutralizes ROS and lipid peroxyl radicals, enhances the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, and suppresses pro-inflammatory transcription factors and cytokines. In addition, AST has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis via modulating cell proliferation-related pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy. Considering the potential benefits of AST in GI diseases, this review paper aims to summarize recent advances in AST research, focusing on its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against gastric and intestinal ulcers and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +1-602-496-4163 (M.-H.K.); +82-2-2123-3125 (H.K.)
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +1-602-496-4163 (M.-H.K.); +82-2-2123-3125 (H.K.)
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18
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Toktay E, Tastan TB, Gurbuz MA, Erbas E, Demir O, Ugan RA, Selli J. Potential protective effect of astaxanthin on ovary ischemia-reperfusion injury. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:173-178. [PMID: 35655595 PMCID: PMC9124534 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61289.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We thought that astaxanthin (ASX) might be a protective agent in oxidative stress damage that develops against ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat ovary. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental groups consisted of healthy, I (Ischemia), I+ASX50, I+ASX100, I/R (Ischemia/Reperfusion), I/R+ ASX50, and I/R+ ASX100. Vascular clamps were applied to the ovaries for 3 hr to induce ischemia. For the reperfusion groups, the clamps were opened and blood flow was restored to the ovaries for 3 hr. At the end of the experiment, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were made from the tissue samples taken. RESULTS While MDA levels increased significantly in I and I/R groups, SOD levels decreased. It was found that ASX significantly decreased MDA levels and increased SOD activity in treatment groups depending on the dose. Caspase 3, IL-1 β, and IL-6 expressions were severely increased in ischemia and I/R groups, while the severity of I+ASX50 and I/R+ASX100 immunoreactivity was decreased. While severe hemorrhage areas were observed in I and IR groups, minimal hemorrhage areas were observed in the treatment groups, especially in I/R+ASX100 groups. In addition, inflammatory cells and necrotic cells in the I/R group were not observed in I/R+ASX50 and I/R+ASX100 groups. CONCLUSION As a result, it was determined that ASX has a strong protective role against oxidative damage in the treatment of ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Toktay
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kars, Turkey,Corresponding author: Erdem TOKTAY Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kars. Tel: +90 (0 474) 225 75 65;
| | - Tugba Bal Tastan
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Ali Gurbuz
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Erbas
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Demir
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rustem Anıl Ugan
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jale Selli
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
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20
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Karpiński TM, Ożarowski M, Alam R, Łochyńska M, Stasiewicz M. What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010036. [PMID: 35049891 PMCID: PMC8778043 DOI: 10.3390/md20010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FUC) are natural xanthophylls, having multidirectional activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Both compounds also show antimicrobial activity, which is presented in this review article. There are few papers that have presented the antimicrobial activity of AST. Obtained antimicrobial concentrations of AST (200-4000 µg/mL) are much higher than recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for consumption (2 mg daily). Therefore, we suggest that AST is unlikely to be of use in the clinical treatment of infections. Our knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of FUC is better and this compound acts against many bacteria already in low concentrations 10-250 µg/mL. Toxicological studies on animals present the safety of FUC application in doses 200 mg/kg body weight and higher. Taking available research into consideration, a clinical application of FUC as the antimicrobial substance is real and can be successful. However, this aspect requires further investigation. In this review, we also present potential mechanisms of antibacterial activity of carotenoids, to which AST and FUC belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Rahat Alam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
- Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Małgorzata Łochyńska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
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21
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Wang L, Hou Y, Wang R, Pan Q, Li D, Yan H, Sun Z. Inhibitory Effect of Astaxanthin on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120652. [PMID: 34940651 PMCID: PMC8704961 DOI: 10.3390/md19120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the inhibitory effect of astaxanthin (AST) on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats. Except for the sham operation, BPH model rats were randomly assigned to five groups: the BPH model control rats, AST-treated BPH model rats (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg), and epristeride (EPR)-treated BPH model rats. After treatment, as compared with the BPH model control rats, the prostate and ventral prostate weights of the AST-treated rats decreased, while there was a marked decline in the 80 mg/kg AST-treated rats. The same effect was also observed in the prostate index and ventral prostate index. The proliferation characteristics of epithelia observed in the BPH model control group were gradually alleviated in the AST-treated rats. As compared with the BPH model control rats, lower epithelial thicknesses of prostates and fewer secretory granules in epithelia were observed in the AST-treated rats. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of prostates increased in all the AST-treated rats with a significant increase in the 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg AST-treated rats. The testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels of prostates in the AST-treated groups were lower than those in the BPH model control group, and a significant decline was found in the T level of prostates in the 40 g/kg and 80 mg/kg AST-treated rats and the DHT level of prostates in the 40 mg/kg AST-treated rats. These results indicate that AST might have an inhibitory effect on T-induced BPH in rats, possibly due to SOD activity regulation and T and DHT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zuyue Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-64043044
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22
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Russo GL, Moccia S, Russo M, Spagnuolo C. Redox regulation by carotenoids: Evidence and conflicts for their application in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114838. [PMID: 34774845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids have been constantly investigated since the early fifty for their chemical, biochemical and biological properties being presence in foods. Among the more than 1100 carotenoids synthesized by plants and microorganisms, approximately 50 are present in the human diet, and about 20 can be detected in human blood and tissues. Review articles that discuss the anticancer and cancer preventing activity of phytochemicals have often in common the difficulty to find a coherency between the results deriving from experimental studies and the controversial or weak clinical indications arising from epidemiological and interventional studies. In this scenario, the class of carotenoids does not represent an exception. In fact, according with World Cancer Research Fund, strong evidence exists that high-dose supplementation of β-carotene increases the risk of lung cancer, while for other types of cancer, the protective or harmful effects of food-containing carotenoids or carotenoid supplements have been considered limited, suggestive or unlikely. The analysis of the mechanistic evidence is complicated by the double nature of carotenoids being molecules acting either as antioxidant or pro-oxidant compounds. The present review analyzes the ambiguity and the unexpected results deriving from the epidemiological and interventional studies and discusses how the effects of carotenoids on cancer risk can be explained by understanding their capacity to modulate the cellular antioxidant response, depending on the concentration applied and the cellular metabolism. In the final part, a new global approach is proposed to study the contribution of carotenoids, but also of other phytochemicals, to disease prevention, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Moccia
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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23
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Mussagy CU, Pereira JFB, Dufossé L, Raghavan V, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pessoa A. Advances and trends in biotechnological production of natural astaxanthin by Phaffia rhodozyma yeast. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1862-1876. [PMID: 34433348 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1968788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a natural xanthophyll with strong antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities, widely used in the food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. So far, 95% of the AXT global market is produced by chemical synthesis, but growing customer preferences for natural products are currently changing the market for natural AXT, highlighting the production from microbially-based sources such as the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The AXT production by P. rhodozyma has been studied for a long time at a laboratory scale, but its use in industrial-scale processes is still very scarce. The optimization of growing conditions as well as an effective integration of upstream-downstream operations into P. rhodozyma-based AXT processes has not yet been fully achieved. With this critical review, we scrutinized the main approaches for producing AXT using P. rhodozyma strains, highlighting the impact of using conventional and non-conventional procedures for the extraction of AXT from yeast cells. In addition, we also pinpointed research directions, for example, the use of low-cost residues to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the bioprocess, the use of environmentally/friendly and low-energetic integrative operations for the extraction and purification of AXT, as well as the need of further human clinical trials using yeast-based AXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Saint-Denis, Réunion
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource EnginCeering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valeria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Alves C, Diederich M. Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080447. [PMID: 34436286 PMCID: PMC8398653 DOI: 10.3390/md19080447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major threats to human health and one of the deadliest diseases worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.D.)
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25
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Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107932. [PMID: 34174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, ranging from remarkably slow progression or inertia to highly aggressive and fatal disease. As therapeutic decision-making, clinical trial design and outcome highly depend on the appropriate stratification of patients to risk groups, it is imperative to differentiate between benign versus more aggressive states. The incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarkers is also potentially amenable in this process, in the timely prevention of metastatic disease and in the decision for therapy selection. This review summarizes the progress that has so far been made in the identification of the genomic events that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of PCa, and as major targets for clinical intervention. We include an extensive list of emerging biomarkers for which there is enough preclinical evidence to suggest that they may constitute crucial targets for achieving significant advances in the management of the disease. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that are associated with the identification of clinically significant PCa biomarkers and recommend possible ways to overcome such limitations.
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26
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Beneficial effects and health benefits of Astaxanthin molecules on animal production: A review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 138:69-78. [PMID: 34111716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigment of carotenoid and is considered a high-quality keto-carotenoid pigment with food, livestock, cosmetic, therapeutic and nutraceutical proposes. Astaxanthin exists naturally in fish, crustacean, algae, and birds that naturally exists, principally as fatty acid esters. Many investigations have exhibited the beneficial impacts of astaxanthin when utilized as a pharmaceutical agent in animal nutrition. Astaxanthin has a variety of considerable biological actions, such as being antihypertensive, an antioxidant, anti-obesity properties, and anti-carcinogenic. Astaxanthin has recently acquired popularity as a powerful immunomodulator to maintain the health status and well-being of both animals and humans. The use of astaxanthin is broadly utilized in medical sciences and the nutrition pf aquatic species; however, it presently has limited applications in broader animal nutrition. Understanding astaxanthin's structure, source, and mode of action in the body provides a conceptual base for its clinical application and could enhance the screening of compounds associated with the treatment of many diseases. This review article aims to clarify the important aspects of astaxanthin such as its synthesis, bioavailability, and therapeutics actions, with special interest in practical applications. Awareness of this benefits and production is expected to aid the livestock industry to develop nutritional strategies that ensure the protection of animal health.
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27
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Sharoni Y, Hałubiec P, Łazarczyk A, Szafrański O, McCubrey JA, Gąsiorkiewicz B, Laidler P, Bohn T. Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Their Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology with a Focus on Prostate Cancer-A Review-Part I: Molecular Mechanisms of Carotenoid Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040585. [PMID: 33920256 PMCID: PMC8069951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention and medicine. One organ which has been especially targeted in many of these studies and clinical trials is the human prostate. Without doubt, carotenoids (and their endogenous derivatives—retinoids and other apo-carotenoids) are involved in intra- and intercellular signaling, cell growth and differentiation of prostate tissue. Due to the accumulation of new data on the role of different carotenoids such as lycopene (LC) and β-carotene (BC) in prostatic physiology and pathology, the present review aims to cover the past ten years of research in this area. Data from experimental studies are presented in the first part of the review, while epidemiological studies are disclosed and discussed in the second part. The objective of this compilation is to emphasize the present state of knowledge regarding the most potent molecular targets of carotenoids and their main metabolites, as well as to propose promising carotenoid agents for the prevention and treatment of prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-422-3272
| | - Yoav Sharoni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653 Beer Sheva, Israel;
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Oskar Szafrański
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.); (P.L.)
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody Medical Sciences Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Bartosz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-23 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
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Guo S, Guo L, Fang Q, Yu M, Zhang L, You C, Wang X, Liu Y, Han C. Astaxanthin protects against early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by inactivating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis and upregulating heme oxygenase-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6679. [PMID: 33758309 PMCID: PMC7988001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to severe morbidity and mortality in critically burned patients. Renal inflammation plays a vital role in the progression of early AKI, acting as a therapeutic target. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a strong antioxidant widely distributed in marine organisms that exerts many biological effects in trauma and disease. ATX is also suggested to have anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, we attempted to explore the role of ATX in protecting against early postburn AKI via its anti-inflammatory effects and the related mechanisms. A severely burned model was established for histological and biochemical assessments based on adult male rats. We found that oxidative stress-induced tissue inflammation participated in the development of early AKI after burn injury and that the MyD88-dependent TLR4/NF-κB pathway was activated to regulate renal inflammation. The TLR4 and NF-κB inhibitors TAK242 and PDTC showed similar effects in attenuating burn-induced renal inflammation and early AKI. Upon ATX treatment, the release of inflammatory mediators in the kidneys was downregulated, while the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis was inhibited in a dose-related manner. TAK242 and PDTC could enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of high-dose ATX, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reversed its action. Furthermore, the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 was upregulated by ATX in a dose-related manner. Collectively, the above data suggest that ATX protects against renal inflammation in a dose-related manner by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis and HO-1 and ultimately prevents early AKI following severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxue Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linsen Guo
- Department of Burns, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288 East Yanling Road, Changzhou, 213011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meirong Yu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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