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Bérard JB, Ouk TS, Sol V, Lefoulon L, Landolt C, Grenier K, Saad N, Robert E, Sibat M, Schreiber N, Guenin S, Picot L. Phototoxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of Skeletonema marinoi for the Dermocosmetic Improvement of Acne. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:343. [PMID: 39195459 DOI: 10.3390/md22080343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, peaking during adolescence and early adulthood, affecting about 85% of individuals aged 12-24. Although often associated with teenage years, acne can occur at any age, impacting over 25% of women and 12% of men in their forties. Treatment strategies vary depending on the severity, including the use of topical gels or creams containing benzoyl peroxide and retinoids, antibiotics, and systemic or topical isotretinoin. However, these treatments can cause irritation, allergies, and other toxic side effects. Currently, there is no natural-based alternative for antibacterial photodynamic therapy targeting acne using marine drugs or extracts. Through a bioguided screening approach, we identified the ethanol extract of Skeletonema marinoi as highly phototoxic against three bacterial species associated with acne-Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This extract exhibited phototoxicity in planktonic bacteria under white and red light, disrupted bacterial biofilms, reduced sebum production but also showed phototoxicity in keratinocytes, highlighting the importance of the specific targeting of treatment areas. Further investigations, including fractionation and high-resolution structural analysis, linked the observed phototoxicity to a high concentration of pheophorbide a in the extract. Given its notable in vitro efficacy, this extract holds promising potential for clinical evaluation to manage mild acne. This discovery paves the way for further exploration of Skeletonema pigment extracts, extending their potential applications beyond acne phototherapy to include dermocosmetics, veterinary medicine, and other phototherapy uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Bérard
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), PHYTOX, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l'Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University of Limoges, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l'Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University of Limoges, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Louise Lefoulon
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), PHYTOX, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cornelia Landolt
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l'Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University of Limoges, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Karine Grenier
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l'Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University of Limoges, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Naima Saad
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l'Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University of Limoges, UR 22722, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Elise Robert
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), PHYTOX, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Manoëlla Sibat
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), PHYTOX, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Schreiber
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), PHYTOX, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent Picot
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
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Du Y, Shuai Y, Liu Z, Li H, Yin Y. Astaxanthin Synergizes with Ionizing Radiation (IR) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1220-1228. [PMID: 38103098 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammation functions yet its role in cancers requires more research. This study is aimed to reveal the potential synergetic effect of ATX with ionizing radiation (IR) in OSCC. Cell survival was measured after human OSCC cells including CAL27 and SCC9, and normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) were treated with different concentrations of ATX for 24 h. Colony formation assays were performed after OSCC cells were treated with IR, ATX (20 μ M), or combined and survival fraction was analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and intercellular iron levels were measured. Western blot method was used to measure the ferroptosis-related proteins, GPX4, SLC7A11, and ACSL4. In xenograft mice model, we evaluated the tumor volumes, tumor growth, and examined the GPX4/ACSL4 proteins in tumor tissues using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). ATX inhibited viability of OSCC cells but not NHOK. In OSCC cells, ATX further enhanced the cell death induced by IR. In addition, ATX promoted the MDA content, Iron levels but inhibited the GSH regulated by IR in cells. ATX could synergize with IR, further inhibiting GPX4, SLC7A11 and promoting ACSL4 in OSCC cells. In vivo, ATX and IR treatment inhibited OSCC tumor growth and the group with combined treatment showed the most inhibitory effect. GPX4 was inhibited by IR and further inhibited in the combined group while ACSL4 was promoted by IR and enhanced more significantly in the combined group. ATX might synergize with IR treatment in OSCC partly via ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yin
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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Cho WY, Lee PC. Metagenomic Analysis of Antarctic Ocean near the King Sejong Station Reveals the Diversity of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:390. [PMID: 38399795 PMCID: PMC10892129 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, biotechnologically significant pigments, play crucial biological roles in marine microorganisms. While various environments have been explored to understand the diversity of carotenoids and their biosynthesis, the Antarctic Ocean remains relatively under-investigated. This study conducted a metagenomic analysis of seawater from two depths (16 and 25 m) near the King Sejong Station in the Antarctic Ocean. The analysis revealed a rich genetic diversity underlying C40 (astaxanthin, myxol, okenone, spheroidene, and spirilloxanthin), C30 (diaponeurosporene, diapolycopene, and staphyloxanthin), and C50 (C.p. 450) carotenoid biosynthesis in marine microorganisms, with notable differential gene abundances between depth locations. Exploring carotenoid pathway genes offers the potential for discovering diverse carotenoid structures of biotechnological value and better understanding their roles in individual microorganisms and broader ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pyung Cheon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
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4
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Kowalski S, Karska J, Tota M, Skinderowicz K, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M. Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:728. [PMID: 38338469 PMCID: PMC10856721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the adverse effects associated with available treatments adversely impact the quality of life in multiple dimensions. In connection with this, there is a necessity for alternative approaches characterized by increased tolerance and lower side effects. Natural compounds could be employed due to their safety profile and effectiveness for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. These anti-cancer drugs are often derived from natural sources such as marine, zoonotic, and botanical origins. Natural compounds should exhibit anti-carcinogenic actions through various pathways, influencing apoptosis potentiation, cell proliferation inhibition, and metastasis suppression. This review provides an overview of natural compounds used in cancer chemotherapies, chemoprevention, and promotion of skin regeneration, including polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, isothiocyanates, cannabinoids, carotenoids, and ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Tota
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Skinderowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Rosic N, Climstein M, Boyle GM, Thanh Nguyen D, Feng Y. Exploring Mycosporine-like Amino Acid UV-Absorbing Natural Products for a New Generation of Environmentally Friendly Sunscreens. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040253. [PMID: 37103392 PMCID: PMC10142268 DOI: 10.3390/md21040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin needs additional protection from damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR: 280-400 nm). Harmful UVR exposure leads to DNA damage and the development of skin cancer. Available sunscreens offer chemical protection from detrimental sun radiation to a certain extent. However, many synthetic sunscreens do not provide sufficient UVR protection due to the lack of photostability of their UV-absorbing active ingredients and/or the lack of ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, inevitably leading to skin damage. In addition, synthetic sunscreens may negatively affect human skin, causing irritation, accelerating skin aging and even resulting in allergic reactions. Beyond the potential negative effect on human health, some synthetic sunscreens have been shown to have a harmful impact on the environment. Consequently, identifying photostable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable natural UV filters is imperative to address human health needs and provide a sustainable environmental solution. In nature, marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms are protected from harmful UVR through several important photoprotective mechanisms, including the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Beyond MAAs, several other promising, natural UV-absorbing products could be considered for the future development of natural sunscreens. This review investigates the damaging impact of UVR on human health and the necessity of using sunscreens for UV protection, specifically UV-absorbing natural products that are more environmentally friendly than synthetic UV filters. Critical challenges and limitations related to using MAAs in sunscreen formulations are also evaluated. Furthermore, we explain how the genetic diversity of MAA biosynthetic pathways may be linked to their bioactivities and assess MAAs' potential for applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Research (PASER) Theme, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Duy Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Resende ACR, Pereira R, Nunes C, Cruz S, Calado R, Cartaxana P. Photosynthetic Pigment and Carbohydrate Profiling of Fucus vesiculosus from an Iberian Coastal Lagoon. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1324. [PMID: 36987012 PMCID: PMC10057128 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fucus vesiculosus is a brown seaweed with applications in the food, pharmaceutic, and cosmetic industries. Among its most valuable bioactive compounds are the pigment fucoxanthin and polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidans). In this study, we profiled the photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates of F. vesiculosus from six locations along the Ílhavo Channel in the Iberian coastal lagoon of Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. Photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm), pigment, and carbohydrate concentrations were similar between locations, despite differences in environmental factors, such as salinity and periods of exposure to desiccation. Concentration of total carbohydrates (neutral sugars + uronic acids) averaged 418 mg g-1 dw. Fucose was the second most abundant neutral sugar, with an average concentration of 60.7 mg g-1 dw, indicating a high content of fucoidans. Photosynthetic pigments included chlorophylls a and c, β,β-carotene, and the xanthophylls fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Concentrations of fucoxanthin were higher than those reported for most brown macroalgae, averaging 0.58 mg g-1 dw (65% of total carotenoids). This study indicates that F. vesiculosus from Ria de Aveiro is a valuable macroalgal resource for aquaculture companies operating in the region, with considerable potential to yield high-value bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. R. Resende
- Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources (ECOMARE), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Rui Pereira
- A4F—Algae for Future Lda., Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edifício E R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.C.); (R.C.)
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Yang CS, Guo XS, Yue YY, Wang Y, Jin XL. Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043850. [PMID: 36835263 PMCID: PMC9959672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of free fat grafts is dependent primarily on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); however, ADSCs are susceptible to oxidative stress in the recipient area. Astaxanthin (Axt) is a natural xanthophyll carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties and numerous clinical applications. To date, the therapeutic potential of Axt in fat grafting has not been explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Axt on oxidatively stressed ADSCs. An oxidative model of ADSCs was developed to simulate the host's microenvironment. Oxidative insult decreased the protein levels of Cyclin D1, type I collagen alpha 1 (COL1A1), and type II collagen alpha 1 (COL2A1), while increasing the expression of cleaved Caspase 3 and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in ADSCs. Axt pre-treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress, increased the synthesis of an adipose extracellular matrix, alleviated inflammation, and restored the impaired adipogenic potential in the present model. Furthermore, Axt immensely activated the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and ML385, an inhibitor of Nrf2, could negate Axt's protective effects. Additionally, Axt alleviated apoptosis by inhibiting bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX)/Caspase 3 signaling and improving the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which could also be abolished by ML385. Our results suggest that Axt may exert its cytoprotective effect on ADSCs through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and could be therapeutic in fat grafting.
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Astaxanthin: A promising therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106657. [PMID: 36682437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end-stage pathological manifestation of many chronic diseases. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of myofibroblasts are the most prominent features of fibrosis, with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues leading to organ tissue damage, which eventually progresses to organ failure and leads to high mortality rates. At present, a large number of studies have been conducted on tissue fibrosis, and the pathological mechanism of fibrosis development has generally been recognized. However, the prevention and treatment of fibrosis is still an unsolved problem, and a shortage of drugs that can be used in the clinic persists. Astaxanthin (ASTX), a carotenoid, is widely known for its strong antioxidant capacity. ASTX also has other biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiaging and anticancer properties. Recently, many papers have reported that ASTX inhibits the occurrence and development of fibrosis by regulating signaling molecular pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β/small mother against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β1/Smad), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), microRNA, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf 2/ARE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. By targeting these molecular signaling pathways, ASTX may become a potential drug for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of ASTX on organ fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms of action. By reviewing the results from in vitro and in vivo studies, we analyzed the therapeutic prospects of ASTX for various fibrotic diseases and provided insights into and strategies for exploring new drugs for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Cheng B, Wu X, Li R, Tu J, Lin S, Zhang X, Mo X, Xie T. Associations of serum carotenoids with the severity of sunburn and the risk of cancer: A cross-sectional analysis of 1999-2018 NHANES data. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1051351. [PMID: 36606230 PMCID: PMC9810113 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sunburn is a common problem for outdoor workers and casual outdoor walkers. Carotenoids are important elements in normal function of skin tissue and skin metabolism and are critical in the development of some cancers. However, the possible relationships between sunburn sensitivity, carotenoids and the risk of cancers remain unknown. Objectives To explore the associations of serum carotenoids with sunburn severity and the risk of cancers. Methods A cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018 were conducted. The relationship between sunburn and serum carotenoids, cancers were investigated by unconditional or ordinal logistic regression. Mediation analysis was used to explore the effect of carotenoids on the relationship between sunburn and cancers. Results A total of 25,440 US adults from 1999 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. There were significant differences in sex, race and natural hair color between the sunburn and non-sunburn people. The severity of sunburn was significantly associated with serum trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, combined lutein, and vitamin A. The odds ratios of severe reactions were 5.065 (95% CI: 2.266-11.318) in melanoma patients, 5.776 (95% CI: 3.362-9.922) in non-melanoma patients, and 1.880 (95% CI: 1.484-2.380) in non-skin cancers patients. Additionally, serum carotenoids were partially attributable to the effect of sunburn on skin and non-skin cancers. Conclusion Sunburn severity was associated with cancers, and severer sunburn was related with higher risk of cancers. Serum carotenoids were also associated with sunburn severity. Moreover, the relationship between sunburn and cancers was mediated by some serum carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xixin Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruina Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayuan Tu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sixian Lin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangda Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiao Mo
- Department of Operating Room, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Tian Xie,
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Fakhri S, Abdian S, Moradi SZ, Delgadillo BE, Fimognari C, Bishayee A. Marine Compounds, Mitochondria, and Malignancy: A Therapeutic Nexus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100625. [PMID: 36286449 PMCID: PMC9604966 DOI: 10.3390/md20100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is important yet generally underexplored. It contains new sources of functional constituents that can affect various pathways in food processing, storage, and fortification. Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by marine microorganisms may have significant potential applications for humans. Various components isolated from disparate marine microorganisms, including fungi, microalgae, bacteria, and myxomycetes, showed considerable biological effects, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and neuroprotective activities. Growing studies are revealing that potential anticancer effects of marine agents could be achieved through the modulation of several organelles. Mitochondria are known organelles that influence growth, differentiation, and death of cells via influencing the biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and various signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and cellular metabolism. Consequently, mitochondria play an essential role in tumorigenesis and cancer treatments by adapting to alterations in environmental and cellular conditions. The growing interest in marine-derived anticancer agents, combined with the development and progression of novel technology in the extraction and cultures of marine life, led to revelations of new compounds with meaningful pharmacological applications. This is the first critical review on marine-derived anticancer agents that have the potential for targeting mitochondrial function during tumorigenesis. This study aims to provide promising strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Sadaf Abdian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Blake E. Delgadillo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Montuori E, Capalbo A, Lauritano C. Marine Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10284. [PMID: 36142196 PMCID: PMC9499452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered a multifactorial disease etiologically divided into melanomas related to sun exposure and those that are not, but also based on their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades with 132,000 cases occurring globally each year. Marine organisms have been shown to be an excellent source of natural compounds with possible bioactivities for human health applications. In this review, we report marine compounds from micro- and macro-organisms with activities in vitro and in vivo against melanoma, including the compound Marizomib, isolated from a marine bacterium, currently in phase III clinical trials for melanoma. When available, we also report active concentrations, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of the mentioned molecules. In addition, compounds used for UV protection and melanoma prevention from marine sources are discussed. This paper gives an overview of promising marine molecules which can be studied more deeply before clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
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Potential for the Production of Carotenoids of Interest in the Polar Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080491. [PMID: 36005496 PMCID: PMC9409807 DOI: 10.3390/md20080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid xanthophyll pigments are receiving growing interest in various industrial fields due to their broad and diverse bioactive and health beneficial properties. Fucoxanthin (Fx) and the inter-convertible couple diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin (Ddx+Dtx) are acknowledged as some of the most promising xanthophylls; they are mainly synthesized by diatoms (Bacillariophyta). While temperate strains of diatoms have been widely investigated, recent years showed a growing interest in using polar strains, which are better adapted to the natural growth conditions of Nordic countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus in producing Fx and Ddx+Dtx by means of the manipulation of the growth light climate (daylength, light intensity and spectrum) and temperature. We further compared its best capacity to the strongest xanthophyll production levels reported for temperate counterparts grown under comparable conditions. In our hands, the best growing conditions for F. cylindrus were a semi-continuous growth at 7 °C and under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod of monochromatic blue light (445 nm) at a PUR of 11.7 μmol photons m−2 s−1. This allowed the highest Fx productivity of 43.80 µg L−1 day−1 and the highest Fx yield of 7.53 µg Wh−1, more than two times higher than under ‘white’ light. For Ddx+Dtx, the highest productivity (4.55 µg L−1 day−1) was reached under the same conditions of ‘white light’ and at 0 °C. Our results show that F. cylindrus, and potentially other polar diatom strains, are very well suited for Fx and Ddx+Dtx production under conditions of low temperature and light intensity, reaching similar productivity levels as model temperate counterparts such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The present work supports the possibility of using polar diatoms as an efficient cold and low light-adapted bioresource for xanthophyll pigments, especially usable in Nordic countries.
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Chung BY, Park SH, Yun SY, Yu DS, Lee YB. Astaxanthin Protects Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes via Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Ann Dermatol 2022; 34:125-131. [PMID: 35450317 PMCID: PMC8989909 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2022.34.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet radiation causes skin damage due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory intermediates and direct attack of DNA of skin cells. Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment that belongs to a group of chemicals called carotenoids and has protective effects as an antioxidant. Objective To determine the beneficial effects of astaxanthin on damaged human skin after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Methods Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were pre-treated with astaxanthin for 24 hours and exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. After 24 hours, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay measured cell viability, ROS assay and flow cytometry analysis assessed apoptosis, and western blotting was performed to determine expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results Astaxanthin significantly inhibited UVB-induced NHEKs cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of NHEKs with astaxanthin reduced UVB-induced ROS production. Astaxanthin caused significant inhibition of UVB-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis and western blotting. Conclusion These results suggest that astaxanthine has a beneficial effect of reducing damage caused by UVB by effectively inhibiting cell death and reducing ROS production in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom Yee Chung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - So Yeon Yun
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system's response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara García-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
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Milito A, Castellano I, Damiani E. From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants? Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070379. [PMID: 34209059 PMCID: PMC8303403 DOI: 10.3390/md19070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent skin damage, public health advice mainly focuses on the use of sunscreens, along with wearing protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours. Sunscreens present on the market are topical formulations that contain a number of different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters with different absorbance profiles, which, when combined, provide broad UVR spectrum protection. However, increased evidence suggests that some of these compounds cause subtle damage to marine ecosystems. One alternative may be the use of natural products that are produced in a wide range of marine species and are mainly thought to act as a defense against UVR-mediated damage. However, their potential for human photoprotection is largely under-investigated. In this review, attention has been placed on the molecular strategies adopted by marine organisms to counteract UVR-induced negative effects and we provide a broad portrayal of the recent literature concerning marine-derived natural products having potential as natural sunscreens/photoprotectants for human skin. Their chemical structure, UVR absorption properties, and their pleiotropic role as bioactive molecules are discussed. Most studies strongly suggest that these natural products could be promising for use in biocompatible sunscreens and may represent an alternative eco-friendly approach to protect humans against UV-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Milito
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (E.D.)
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