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Rønne ME, Dybdahl Andersen C, Teze D, Petersen AB, Fredslund F, Stender EGP, Chaberski EK, Holck J, Aachmann FL, Welner DH, Svensson B. Action and cooperation in alginate degradation by three enzymes from the human gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107596. [PMID: 39032652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide consumed by humans in edible seaweed and different foods where it is applied as a texturizing hydrocolloid or in encapsulations of drugs and probiotics. While gut bacteria are found to utilize and ferment alginate to health-beneficial short-chain fatty acids, knowledge on the details of the molecular reactions is sparse. Alginates are composed of mannuronic acid (M) and its C-5 epimer guluronic acid (G). An alginate-related polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) has been identified in the gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. The PUL encodes two polysaccharide lyases (PLs) from the PL6 (BePL6) and PL17 (BePL17) families as well as a KdgF-like metalloprotein (BeKdgF) known to catalyze ring-opening of 4,5-unsaturated monouronates yielding 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). B. eggerthii DSM 20697 does not grow on alginate, but readily proliferates with a lag phase of a few hours in the presence of an endo-acting alginate lyase A1-I from the marine bacterium Sphingomonas sp. A1. The B. eggerthii lyases are both exo-acting and while BePL6 is strictly G-block specific, BePL17 prefers M-blocks. BeKdgF retained 10-27% activity in the presence of 0.1-1 mM EDTA. X-ray crystallography was used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of BeKdgF, based on which a catalytic mechanism was proposed to involve Asp102, acting as acid/base having pKa of 5.9 as determined by NMR pH titration. BePL6 and BePL17 cooperate in alginate degradation with BeKdgF linearizing producing 4,5-unsaturated monouronates. Their efficiency of alginate degradation was much enhanced by the addition of the A1-I alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E Rønne
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Dybdahl Andersen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Teze
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agnes Beenfeldt Petersen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emil G P Stender
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Evan Kirk Chaberski
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Zhang X, Tang Y, Gao F, Xu X, Chen G, Li Y, Wang L. Low-cost and efficient strategy for brown algal hydrolysis: Combination of alginate lyase and cellulase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130481. [PMID: 38395233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Brown algae are rich in biostimulants that not only stimulate the overall development and growth of plants but also have great beneficial effects on the whole soil-plant system. However, alginate, the major component of brown algae, is comparatively difficult to degrade. The cost of preparing alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) is still too high to produce seaweed fertilizer. In this work, the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. B1Z05 is found to be capable of efficient alginate depolymerization and harbors an extended pathway for alginate metabolism. The B1Z05 extracellular cell-free supernatant exhibited great potential for AOS production at low cost, which, together with cellulase, can efficiently hydrolyze seaweed. The brown algal hydrolysis rates were significantly greater than those of the commercial alginate lyase product CE201, and the obtained seaweed extracts were rich in phytohormones. This work provides a low-cost but efficient strategy for the sustainable production of desirable AOSs and seaweed fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Company Group, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Company Group, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Du M, Li X, Qi W, Li Y, Wang L. Identification and characterization of a critical loop for the high activity of alginate lyase VaAly2 from the PL7_5 subfamily. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1333597. [PMID: 38282736 PMCID: PMC10811132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1333597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the major component in the cell wall of brown algae, alginates are degradable by alginate lyases via β-elimination. Alginate lyases can be categorized into various polysaccharide lyase (PL) families, and PL7 family alginate lyases are the largest group and can be divided into six subfamilies. However, the major difference among different PL7 subfamilies is not fully understood. In this work, a marine alginate lyase, VaAly2, from Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749 belonging to the PL7_5 subfamily was identified and characterized. It displayed comparatively high alginolytic activities toward different alginate substrates and functions as a bifunctional lyase. Molecular docking and biochemical analysis suggested that VaAly2 not only contains a key catalyzing motif (HQY) conserved in the PL7 family but also exhibits some specific characters limited in the PL7_5 subfamily members, such as the key residues and a long loop1 structure around the active center. Our work provides insight into a loop structure around the center site which plays an important role in the activity and substrate binding of alginate lyases belonging to the PL7_5 subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Foshan Haitian (Gaoming) Flavoring & Food Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Zhu F, Wang S, Zhu X, Pang C, Cui P, Yang F, Li R, Zhan Q, Xin H. Potential effects of biomaterials on macrophage function and their signalling pathways. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6977-7002. [PMID: 37695360 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in biomedicine and healthcare has increased in recent years. Macrophages are the primary immune cells that induce inflammation and tissue repair after implantation of biomaterials. Given that macrophages exhibit high heterogeneity and plasticity, the influence of biomaterials on macrophage phenotype should be considered a crucial evaluation criterion during the development of novel biomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the physicochemical, biological, and dynamic characteristics of biomaterials that drive the regulation of immune responses in macrophages. The mechanisms involved in the interaction between macrophages and biomaterials, including endocytosis, receptors, signalling pathways, integrins, inflammasomes and long non-coding RNAs, are summarised in this review. In addition, research prospects of the interaction between macrophages and biomaterials are discussed. An in-depth understanding of mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal changes in macrophage phenotype induced by biomaterials and their impact on macrophage polarization can facilitate the identification and development of novel biomaterials with superior performance. These biomaterials may be used for tissue repair and regeneration, vaccine or drug delivery and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaolian Wang
- Central Sterile Supply Department, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglian Zhu
- Outpatient Department, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixiang Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Cui
- Animal Laboratory, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwang Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongsheng Li
- Animal Laboratory, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Zhan
- Animal Laboratory, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Xin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the No. 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese PLA, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Q, Dan M, Zheng Y, Shen J, Zhao G, Wang D. Improving the thermostability of a novel PL-6 family alginate lyase by rational design engineering for industrial preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125998. [PMID: 37499708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is degraded into alginate oligosaccharides with various biological activities by enzymes. However, the thermostability of the enzyme limits its industrial application. In this study, a novel PL-6 alginate lyase, AlyRm6A from Rhodothermus marinus 4252 was expressed and characterized. In addition, an efficient comprehensive strategy was proposed, including automatic design of heat-resistant mutants, multiple computer-aided ΔΔGfold value calculation, and conservative analysis of mutation sites. AlyRm6A has naturally high thermostability. Compared with the WT, T43I and Q216I kept their original activities, and their half-lives were increased from 3.68 h to 4.29 h and 4.54 h, melting point temperatures increased from 61.5 °C to 62.9 °C and 63.5 °C, respectively. The results of circular dichroism showed that both the mutants and the wild type had the characteristic peaks of β-sheet at 195 nm and 216 nm, which indicated that there was no significant effect on the secondary structure of the protein. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) analyses suggest that the enhancement of the hydrophobic interaction network, improvement of molecular rigidity, and denser structure could improve the stability of AlyRm6A. To the best of our knowledge, our findings indicate that AlyRm6A mutants exhibit the highest thermostability among the characterized PL-6 alginate lyases, making them potential candidates for industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meiling Dan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ji Shen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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6
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Li L, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang J. Directed preparation, structure-activity relationship and applications of alginate oligosaccharides with specific structures: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112990. [PMID: 37316063 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) possess versatile activities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-regulatory activities) and have been the research topic in marine bioresource utilization fields. The degree of polymerization (DP) and the β-D-mannuronic acid (M)/α-L-guluronic acid (G)-units ratio strongly affect the functionality of AOS. Therefore, directed preparation of AOS with specific structures is essential for expanding the applications of alginate polysaccharides and has been the research topic in the marine bioresource field. Alginate lyases could efficiently degrade alginate and specifically produce AOS with specific structures. Therefore, enzymatic preparation of AOS with specific structures has drawn increasing attention. Herein, we systematically summarized the current research progress on the structure-function relation of AOS and focuses on the application of the enzymatic properties of alginate lyase to the specific preparation of various types of AOS. At the same time, current challenges and opportunities for AOS applications are presented to guide and improve the preparation and application of AOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, China
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7
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Zhou L, Meng Q, Zhang R, Jiang B, Wu Q, Chen J, Zhang T. Improving thermostability of a PL 5 family alginate lyase with combination of rational design strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124871. [PMID: 37201879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyases with strict substrate specificity possess potential in directed production of alginate oligosaccharides with specific composition. However, their poor thermostability hampered their applications in industry. In this study, an efficient comprehensive strategy including sequence-based analysis, structure-based analysis, and computer-aid ΔΔGfold value calculation was proposed. It was successfully performed on alginate lyase (PMD) with strict poly-β-D-mannuronic acid substrate specificity. Four single-point variants A74V, G75V, A240V, and D250G with increased Tm of 3.94 °C, 5.21 °C, 2.56 °C, and 4.80 °C, respectively, were selected out. After ordered combined mutations, a four-point mutant (M4) was finally generated which displayed remarkable increase on thermostability. The Tm of M4 increased from 42.25 °C to 51.59 °C and its half-life at 50 °C was about 58.9-fold of PMD. Meanwhile, there was no obvious loss of enzyme activity (more than 90% retained). Molecular dynamics simulation analysis insisted that the improvement of thermostability might be attribute to the rigidified region A which might be caused by the newly formed hydrogen bonds and salt bridges introduced by mutations, the lower distance of original hydrogen bonds, and the more compact overall structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Mannuronan C-5 Epimerases: Review of Activity Assays, Enzyme Characteristics, Structure, and Mechanism. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannuronan C-5 epimerases (ManC5-Es) are produced by brown algae and some bacteria, such as Azotobacter and some Pseudomonas species. It can convert the transformation of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) to α-L-guluronic acid (G) in alginate with different patterns of epimerization. Alginate with different compositions and monomer sequences possess different properties and functions, which have been utilized in industries for various purposes. Therefore, ManC5-Es are key enzymes that are involved in the modifications of alginate for fuel, chemical, and industrial applications. Focusing on ManC5-Es, this review introduces and summarizes the methods of ManC5-Es activity assay especially the most widely used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method, characterization of the ManC5-Es from different origins especially the research progress of its enzymatic properties and product block distributions, and the catalytic mechanism of ManC5-E based on the resolved enzyme structures. Additionally, some potential future research directions are also outlooked.
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Zhou L, Meng Q, Zhang R, Jiang B, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang T. Characterization of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase Family 5 Alginate Lyase with PolyM Substrate Specificity. Foods 2022; 11:3527. [PMID: 36360141 PMCID: PMC9655155 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases (ALyases) have been widely applied in enzymatically degrading alginate for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), which possess a range of excellent physiological benefits including immunoregulatory, antivirus, and antidiabetic properties. Among the characterized ALyases, the number of ALyases with strict substrate specificity which possess potential in directed preparation of AOS is quite small. ALyases of polysaccharides lyase (PL) 5 family have been reported to perform poly-β-D-mannuronic acid (Poly-M) substrate specificity. However, there have been fewer studies with a comprehensive characterization and comparison of PL 5 family ALyases. In this study, a putative PL 5 family ALyase PMD was cloned from Pseudomonas mendocina and expressed in Escherichia coli. The novel ALyase presented maximum activity at 30 °C and pH 7.0. PMD displayed pH stability properties under the range of pH 5 to pH 9, which retained more than 80% relative activity, even when incubated for 48 h. Product analysis indicated that PMD might be an endolytic ALyase with strict Poly M substrate specificity and yield disaccharide and trisaccharide as main products. In addition, residues K58, R66, Y248, and R344 were proposed to be the potential key residues for catalysis via site-directed mutation. Detailed characterization of PMD and comprehensive comparisons could supply some different information about properties of PL 5 ALyases which might be helpful for its application in the directed production of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264333, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li Z, Du Z, Li H, Chen Y, Zheng M, Jiang Z, Du X, Ni H, Zhu Y. Characterisation of marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 with Laminaria japonica degradation capability. AMB Express 2022; 12:139. [DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMarine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 was revealed to be able to effectively degrade Laminaria japonica thallus fragments into fine particles. Polysaccharide substrate specificity analysis indicated that ALW1 could produce extracellular alginate lyase, laminarinase, fucoidanase and cellulase. Based on alignment of the 16 S rRNA sequence with other reference relatives, ALW1 showed the closest relationship with Microbulbifer aggregans CCB-MM1T. The cell morphology and some basic physiological and biochemical parameters of ALW1 cells were characterised. ALW1 is a Gram-negative, rod- or oval-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of ALW1 with type strains of M. gwangyangensis (JCM 17,800), M. aggregans (JCM 31,875), M. maritimus (JCM 12,187), M. okinawensis (JCM 16,147) and M. rhizosphaerae (DSM 28,920) were 28.9%, 43.3%, 41.2%, 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The major cell wall sugars of ALW1 were determined to be ribose and galactose, which differed from other closely related species. These characteristics indicated that ALW1 could be assigned to a separate species of the genus Microbulbifer. The complete genome of ALW1 contained one circular chromosome with 4,682,287 bp and a GC content of 56.86%. The putative encoded proteins were categorised based on their functional annotations. Phenotypic, physiological, biochemical and genomic characterisation will provide insights into the many potential industrial applications of Microbulbifer sp. ALW1.Key points.
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Lu S, Na K, Wei J, Zhang L, Guo X. Alginate oligosaccharides: The structure-function relationships and the directional preparation for application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119225. [PMID: 35287920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are degradation products of alginate extracted from brown algae. With low molecular weight, high water solubility, and good biological activity, AOS present anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. They also exert growth-promoting effects in animals and plants. Three types of AOS, mannuronate oligosaccharides (MAOS), guluronate oligosaccharides (GAOS), and heterozygous mannuronate and guluronate oligosaccharides (HAOS), can be produced from alginate by enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus far, most studies on the applications and biological activities of AOS have been based mainly on a hybrid form of HAOS. To improve the directional production of AOS for practical applications, systematic studies on the structures and related biological activities of AOS are needed. This review provides a summary of current understanding of structure-function relationships and advances in the production of AOS. The current challenges and opportunities in the application of AOS is suggested to guide the precise application of AOS in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Jiani Wei
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China.
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Liu Y, Li H, Zheng Z, Niu A, Liu S, Li W, Ren P, Liu Y, Inam M, Guan L, Ma H. Rosa rugosa polysaccharide induces autophagy-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:257-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Song S, Wei Q, Wang K, Yang Q, Wang Y, Ji A, Chen G. Fluorescent Labeling of Polymannuronic Acid and Its Distribution in Mice by Tail Vein Injection. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050289. [PMID: 35621940 PMCID: PMC9145981 DOI: 10.3390/md20050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymannuronic acid (PM) possesses more pharmacological activities than sodium alginate, but there have been few studies on its absorption mechanism, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics. Studies of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution are necessary to elucidate the pharmacological effects of PM. Thus, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce fluorescently labeled PM (FITC-PM) and detected the distribution and pharmacokinetics of PM in vivo via tail vein injection. The results demonstrate that the FITC-PM showed high stability in different pH solutions. After the tail vein injection, FITC-PM tended to be distributed in the kidney, followed by the liver and in the heart, spleen, and lungs at lower concentrations. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the elimination rate constant of FITC-PM was 0.24, the half-life time was 2.85 h, the peak concentration was 235.17 μg/mL, the area under the curve was 631.48 μg/mL·h, the area under the curve by statistical moment was 1843.15 μg/mL·h2, the mean residence time was 2.92 h, and the clearance rate was 79.18 mL/h. These results indicate that FITC-PM could be used for PM distribution and pharmacokinetic studies, and the studies of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution provided basic information that can be used to further clarify PM pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong University Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ke Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-13863168701 (A.J.); +86-13306318615 (G.C.)
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-13863168701 (A.J.); +86-13306318615 (G.C.)
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