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Akter S, Rahman MS, Ali H, Minch B, Mehzabin K, Siddique MM, Galib SM, Yesmin F, Azmuda N, Adnan N, Hasan NA, Rahman SR, Moniruzzaman M, Ahmed MF. Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of the microbial communities along the Bay of Bengal coast. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15976. [PMID: 37749192 PMCID: PMC10520010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bay of Bengal, the world's largest bay, is bordered by populous countries and rich in resources like fisheries, oil, gas, and minerals, while also hosting diverse marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds; regrettably, its microbial diversity and ecological significance have received limited research attention. Here, we present amplicon (16S and 18S) profiling and shotgun metagenomics data regarding microbial communities from BoB's eastern coast, viz., Saint Martin and Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. From the 16S barcoding data, Proteobacteria appeared to be the dominant phylum in both locations, with Alteromonas, Methylophaga, Anaerospora, Marivita, and Vibrio dominating in Cox's Bazar and Pseudoalteromonas, Nautella, Marinomonas, Vibrio, and Alteromonas dominating the Saint Martin site. From the 18S barcoding data, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, and Protalveolata appeared among the most abundant eukaryotic divisions in both locations, with significantly higher abundance of Choanoflagellida, Florideophycidae, and Dinoflagellata in Cox's Bazar. The shotgun sequencing data reveals that in both locations, Alteromonas is the most prevalent bacterial genus, closely paralleling the dominance observed in the metabarcoding data, with Methylophaga in Cox's Bazar and Vibrio in Saint Martin. Functional annotations revealed that the microbial communities in these samples harbor genes for biofilm formation, quorum sensing, xenobiotics degradation, antimicrobial resistance, and a variety of other processes. Together, these results provide the first molecular insight into the functional and phylogenetic diversity of microbes along the BoB coast of Bangladesh. This baseline understanding of microbial community structure and functional potential will be critical for assessing impacts of climate change, pollution, and other anthropogenic disturbances on this ecologically and economically vital bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Benjamin Minch
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kaniz Mehzabin
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moradul Siddique
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Md Galib
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Farida Yesmin
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Azmuda
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nihad Adnan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nur A Hasan
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Md Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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2
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Marchetti A, Orlando M, Mangiagalli M, Lotti M. A cold‐active esterase enhances mesophilic properties through Mn
2+
binding. FEBS J 2022; 290:2394-2411. [PMID: 36266734 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect of adaptation to cold environments is the production of cold-active enzymes by psychrophilic organisms. These enzymes not only have high activity at low temperatures, but also exhibit remarkable structural flexibility and thermolability. In this context, the role of metal ions has been little explored, and the few available studies seem to suggest that metal binding counteracts structural flexibility. This article reports an investigation into the role of the binding of manganese ion (Mn2+ ) in the thermal adaptation of an esterase (M-Est) of the GDSx family, identified in the genome of the Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas sp. ef1. M-Est is specific for esters containing acetate groups and turned out to be a highly thermolabile cold-active enzyme, with a catalysis optimum temperature of 5 °C and a melting temperature of 31.7 °C. A combination of biochemical and computational analyses, including molecular dynamics simulations, revealed that M-Est binds Mn2+ ions via a single binding site located on the surface of the enzyme, close to the active site. Although the interaction between M-Est and Mn2+ induces only local conformational changes involving the active site, quite surprisingly they trigger an improvement in both thermal stability and catalytic efficiency under mild temperature conditions. These results, together with the conservation of the Mn2+ binding site among psychrophilic and psychrotolerant homologues, suggest that Mn2+ binding may be a useful, albeit atypical, strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of temperature on true cold-active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Orlando
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria Varese Italy
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Italy
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3
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Agunbiade M, Le Roes-Hill M. Application of bacterial tyrosinases in organic synthesis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 38:2. [PMID: 34817696 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial tyrosinases, as in the case of other bacterial oxidative enzymes, have been found to possess biochemical characteristics that typically make them more suited to applications requiring special operational conditions such as alkaline pH, high or low temperature, the presence of organic solvents, and the presence of inhibitors. Even though a great deal is known about fungal tyrosinases, bacterial tyrosinases still vastly remain underexplored for their potential application in organic synthesis. A literature survey in particular highlights the gaps in our knowledge pertaining to their biochemical properties. Bacterial tyrosinases have not only shown promise in the synthesis of medically important compounds such as L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and melanin but have also seen application in cross-linking reactions of proteins and the polymerization of environmental pollutants. Their ability to catalyse o-hydroxylation reactions have shown some degree of promise in the biocatalytic conversion of resveratrol to piceatannol, tyrosol to hydroxytyrosol, and many more. In this review, we will explore the world of bacterial tyrosinases, their current applications, and future perspectives for the application of these enzymes in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayowa Agunbiade
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, 7535, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, 7535, Bellville, South Africa.
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4
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Korlević M, Markovski M, Zhao Z, Herndl GJ, Najdek M. Seasonal Dynamics of Epiphytic Microbial Communities on Marine Macrophyte Surfaces. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671342. [PMID: 34603223 PMCID: PMC8482799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfaces of marine macrophytes are inhabited by diverse microbial communities. Most studies focusing on epiphytic communities of macrophytes did not take into account temporal changes or applied low sampling frequency approaches. The seasonal dynamics of epiphytic microbial communities was determined in a meadow of Cymodocea nodosa invaded by Caulerpa cylindracea and in a monospecific settlement of C. cylindracea at monthly intervals. For comparison the ambient prokaryotic picoplankton community was also characterized. At the OTU level, the microbial community composition differed between the ambient water and the epiphytic communities exhibiting host-specificity. Also, successional changes were observed connected to the macrophyte growth cycle. Taxonomic analysis, however, showed similar high rank taxa (phyla and classes) in the ambient water and the epiphytic communities, with the exception of Desulfobacterota, which were only found on C. cylindracea. Cyanobacteria showed seasonal changes while other high rank taxa were present throughout the year. In months of high Cyanobacteria presence the majority of cyanobacterial sequences were classified as Pleurocapsa. Phylogenetic groups present throughout the year (e.g., Saprospiraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, members without known relatives within Gammaproteobacteria, Desulfatitalea, and members without known relatives within Desulfocapsaceae) constituted most of the sequences, while less abundant taxa showed seasonal patterns connected to the macrophyte growth cycle. Taken together, epiphytic microbial communities of the seagrass C. nodosa and the macroalga C. cylindracea appear to be host-specific and contain taxa that undergo successional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Korlević
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Marsej Markovski
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Zihao Zhao
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University, Den Burg, Netherlands
| | - Mirjana Najdek
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
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Tarquinio F, Hyndes GA, Laverock B, Koenders A, Säwström C. The seagrass holobiont: understanding seagrass-bacteria interactions and their role in seagrass ecosystem functioning. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5382495. [PMID: 30883643 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review shows that the presence of seagrass microbial community is critical for the development of seagrasses; from seed germination, through to phytohormone production and enhanced nutrient availability, and defence against pathogens and saprophytes. The tight seagrass-bacterial relationship highlighted in this review supports the existence of a seagrass holobiont and adds to the growing evidence for the importance of marine eukaryotic microorganisms in sustaining vital ecosystems. Incorporating a micro-scale view on seagrass ecosystems substantially expands our understanding of ecosystem functioning and may have significant implications for future seagrass management and mitigation against human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Tarquinio
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Glenn A Hyndes
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bonnie Laverock
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia.,School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Annette Koenders
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christin Säwström
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Pavan ME, López NI, Pettinari MJ. Melanin biosynthesis in bacteria, regulation and production perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1357-1370. [PMID: 31811318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of black pigments in bacteria was discovered more than a century ago and related to tyrosine metabolism. However, their diverse biological roles and the control of melanin synthesis in different bacteria have only recently been investigated. The broad distribution of these pigments suggests that they have an important role in a variety of organisms. Melanins protect microorganisms from many environmental stress conditions, ranging from ultraviolet radiation and toxic heavy metals to oxidative stress. Melanins can also affect bacterial interactions with other organisms and are important in pathogenesis and survival in many environments. Bacteria produce several types of melanin through dedicated pathways or as a result of enzymatic imbalances in altered metabolic routes. The control of the melanin synthesis in bacteria involves metabolic and transcriptional regulation, but many aspects remain still largely unknown. The diverse properties of melanins have spurred a large number of applications, and recent efforts have been done to produce the pigment at biotechnologically relevant scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Pavan
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy I López
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Julia Pettinari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Diversity and characterization of bacteria associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea sp. comparing with those of two shallow-water crabs by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187842. [PMID: 29121118 PMCID: PMC5679544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For deep-sea hydrothermal vent crabs, recent investigations have revealed some epibiotic bacteria, but no study has described the bacterial community associated with the gill and intestine. In this study, the microbiota attached to the gill and intestine of the hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea sp. and two shallow-water crab species (Eriocheir sinensis and Portunus trituberculatus) were compared by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA genes. The highest and lowest diversity in bacterial communities were observed in the gill and intestine of Austinograea sp., respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that Austinograea sp. harbored a distinct microbial community. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for phylum Fusobacteria, class Epsilonproteobacteria, and genera Leucothrix, Polaribacter, Fusibacter, etc. were dominant in Austinograea sp. Of these, Leucothrix, Sulfurospirillum, and Arcobacter may be involved in oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds and sulfur metabolism; Marinomonas, Polaribacter adapted to the low temperature, and Fusibacter and Psychrilyobacter may survive well under hypoxic conditions. Bacteria commonly present in seawater were dominant in the gill, whereas anaerobic bacteria showed strikingly high abundance in the intestine. Interestingly, Firmicutes and Epsilonproteobacteria may complement each other in Austinograea sp., forming an internal environment. The diversified microbial community of Austinograea sp. reveals adaptation to the hydrothermal vent environment.
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8
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Ricão Canelhas M, Eiler A, Bertilsson S. Are freshwater bacterioplankton indifferent to variable types of amino acid substrates? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw005. [PMID: 26738554 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of carbon compounds sustain bacterial activity and growth in freshwater ecosystems and the amount and quality of these substrates influence bacterial diversity and metabolic function. Biologically labile low-molecular-weight compounds, such as dissolved free amino acids, are particularly important substrates and can fuel as much as 20% of the total heterotrophic production. In this study, we show that extensive laboratory incubations with variable amino acids as substrates caused only minimal differences in bacterial growth rate, growth yield, quantitative amino acid usage, community composition and diversity. This was in marked contrast to incubations under dark or light regimes, where significant responses were observed in bacterial community composition and with higher diversity in the dark incubations. While a few individual taxa still responded to amendment with specific amino acids, our results suggest that compositional shifts in the specific supply of amino acids and possibly also other labile organic substrates have a minor impact on heterotrophic bacterioplankton communities, at least in nutrient rich lakes and compared to other prevailing environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ricão Canelhas
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Eiler
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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Diéguez AL, Jacobsen A, Magnesen T, Romalde JL. Sinobacterium norvegicum sp. nov., isolated from great scallop (Pecten maximus) broodstock and emended description of Sinobacterium caligoides. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:983-91. [PMID: 26267335 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Six isolates were recovered from great scallop (Pecten maximus) broodstock in a hatchery in Bergen, Norway. The strains were thoroughly characterized by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains are related to the genus Sinobacterium, showing sequence similarities between 96.97 and 97.63 % with the only species of the genus, Sinobacterium caligoides. Phenotypic characterization showed that the strains are typical marine halophiles, Gram negative, aerobic chemoorganotrophs, and allowed their differentiation from the closely related taxa. The G+C content of the novel strains was 52.2 ± 1 mol% and the predominant fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c and C18:1 ω7c. The value for DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 3CM4(T) and the S. caligoides type strain LMG 25705(T) was 46 %. Hybridization values between strain 3CM4(T) and the other scallop isolates ranged from 82 to 93.6 %. Based on all data collected, the six scallop strains represent a novel species of the genus Sinobacterium, for which the name Sinobacterium norvegicum sp. nov., is proposed with strain 3CM4(T) (=CECT 8267(T); =CAIM 1884(T)) as type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Diéguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
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10
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From broad-spectrum biocides to quorum sensing disruptors and mussel repellents: antifouling profile of alkyl triphenylphosphonium salts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123652. [PMID: 25897858 PMCID: PMC4405350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
'Onium' compounds, including ammonium and phosphonium salts, have been employed as antiseptics and disinfectants. These cationic biocides have been incorporated into multiple materials, principally to avoid bacterial attachment. In this work, we selected 20 alkyl-triphenylphosphonium salts, differing mainly in the length and functionalization of their alkyl chains, in fulfilment of two main objectives: 1) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the antifouling profile of these molecules with relevant marine fouling organisms; and 2) to shed new light on their potential applications, beyond their classic use as broad-spectrum biocides. In this regard, we demonstrate for the first time that these compounds are also able to act as non-toxic quorum sensing disruptors in two different bacterial models (Chromobacterium violaceum and Vibrio harveyi) as well as repellents in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In addition, their inhibitory activity on a fouling-relevant enzymatic model (tyrosinase) is characterized. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships of these compounds for antifouling purposes is provided, which may result useful in the design of targeted antifouling solutions with these molecules. Altogether, the findings reported herein provide a different perspective on the biological activities of phosphonium compounds that is particularly focused on, but, as the reader will realize, is not limited to their use as antifouling agents.
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11
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Dinica RM, Furdui B, Ghinea IO, Bahrim G, Bonte S, Demeunynck M. Novel one-pot green synthesis of indolizines biocatalysed by Candida antarctica Lipases. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:431-9. [PMID: 23389089 PMCID: PMC3640390 DOI: 10.3390/md11020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are of considerable interest as a promising source of enzymes with unsuspected potentials as catalysts for chemical synthesis. We describe here an efficient method for one-pot indolizine synthesis that has been developed using lipase A and lipase B from Candida antarctica as biocatalysts. As showed by HPLC/MS analysis, the yield in indolizines was higher in the presence of the biocatalyst than in absence of enzyme. Lipase A, from Candida antarctica, showed high catalytic activity and selectivity for the cycloaddition reactions. When the reactions were performed under ultrasound irradiation, the Candida antarctica lipase catalyzed reactions yielded pure indolozines, in good yields and in very short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.F.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-336-130-251 (B.F.); Fax: +40-336-130-285 (B.F.); Tel.: +33-476-635-314 (M.D.); Fax: +33-476-635-298 (M.D.)
| | - Ioana Otilia Ghinea
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mails: (I.O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bahrim
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, Galati 800201, Romania; E-Mails: (I.O.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Simon Bonte
- Département Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 & FR 2607, CNRS/Université de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; E-Mail:
| | - Martine Demeunynck
- Département Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 & FR 2607, CNRS/Université de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (B.F.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-336-130-251 (B.F.); Fax: +40-336-130-285 (B.F.); Tel.: +33-476-635-314 (M.D.); Fax: +33-476-635-298 (M.D.)
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12
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Kennedy J, O'Leary ND, Kiran GS, Morrissey JP, O'Gara F, Selvin J, Dobson ADW. Functional metagenomic strategies for the discovery of novel enzymes and biosurfactants with biotechnological applications from marine ecosystems. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:787-99. [PMID: 21777355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are home to bacteria which are exposed to a wide variety of environmental conditions, such as extremes in temperature, salinity, nutrient availability and pressure. Survival under these conditions must have necessitated the adaptation and the development of unique cellular biochemistry and metabolism by these microbes. Thus, enzymes isolated from these microbes have the potential to possess quite unique physiological and biochemical properties. This review outlines a number of function-based metagenomic approaches which are available to screen metagenomic libraries constructed from marine ecosystems to facilitate the exploitation of some of these potentially novel biocatalysts. Functional screens to isolate novel cellulases, lipases and esterases, proteases, laccases, oxidoreductases and biosurfactants are described, together with approaches which can be employed to help overcome some of the typical problems encountered with functional metagenomic-based screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kennedy
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Marine biocatalysts: enzymatic features and applications. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:478-499. [PMID: 21731544 PMCID: PMC3124967 DOI: 10.3390/md9040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In several recent reports related to biocatalysis the enormous pool of biodiversity found in marine ecosystems is considered a profitable natural reservoir for acquiring an inventory of useful biocatalysts. These enzymes are characterized by well-known habitat-related features such as salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity and cold adaptivity. In addition, their novel chemical and stereochemical characteristics increase the interest of biocatalysis practitioners both in academia and research industry. In this review, starting from the analysis of these featuring habitat-related properties, important examples of marine enzymes in biocatalysis will be reported. Completion of this report is devoted to the analysis of novel chemical and stereochemical biodiversity offered by marine biocatalysts with particular emphasis on current or potential applications of these enzymes in chemical and pharmaceutical fields. The analysis of literature cited here and the many published patent applications concerning the use of marine enzymes supports the view that these biocatalysts are just waiting to be discovered, reflecting the importance of the marine environment. The potential of this habitat should be thoroughly explored and possibly the way to access useful biocatalysts should avoid destructive large-scale collections of marine biomass for enzyme production. These two aspects are day by day increasing in interest and a future increase in the use of marine enzymes in biocatalysis should be expected.
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